G2643 — καταλλαγή (katallagḗ)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G2643
Original: καταλλαγή
Transliteration: katallagḗ
Pronunciation: kat-al-lag-ay
Part of Speech: Feminine noun
Root: καταλλάσσω (katalassō, G2644) — to reconcile; exchange
Occurrences: 4 in NT (4 unique verses)
Books: 2 (Romans, 2 Corinthians)
First Occurrence: Rom 5:11 — "by whom we have now received the atonement"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From καταλλάσσω (G2644); exchange (figuratively, adjustment), i.e. restoration to [divine favor]:

Exchange — of the business of money-changers, exchanging equivalent values (Aristotle et al.)
Adjustment of a difference; reconciliation; restoration to favor (from Aeschylus on); in the NT, of the restoration of the favor of God to sinners that repent and put their trust in the expiatory death of Christ — 2 Cor 5:18f.; with the genitive of the one received into favor, τοῦ κόσμου (opposed to ἀποβολή), Rom 11:15; καταλλαγήν ἐλάβομεν — "we received the blessing of the recovered favor of God," Rom 5:11.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 040 — Reconciliation, Forgiveness
Subdomain: 040.001 — Reconciliation
Other words in subdomain: ἀπαλλάσσω (G525), ἀποκαταλλάσσω (G604), ἄσπονδος (G786), διαλλάσσω (G1259), εἰρηνοποιέω (G1517), εἰρηνοποιός (G1518), καταλλάσσω (G2644), μεσίτης (G3316), συναλλάσσω (G4900a)

UBS Semantic Domains¶

[040] Reconciliation, Forgiveness

UBS keeps καταλλαγή within the reconciliation/forgiveness domain, aligning with Paul's consistent relational-restoration usage.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
of reconciliation	2	50%
atonement	1	25%
the reconciling	1	25%

Note: "atonement" (Rom 5:11) is the only place KJV uses that English word in the NT — a translation of katallagē, not of ἱλασμός or ἱλαστήριον.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
2 Corinthians	2	0.8
Romans	2	0.5

Both occurrences in each book are in the same theological argument: Rom 5:1–11 (justification → peace → reconciliation) and 2 Cor 5:14–21 (ministry of reconciliation).

Semantic Categories¶

1. The Received State of Reconciliation¶

The noun denotes the restored relationship believers have already received — a completed gift, not an ongoing process.

Rom 5:11 — "And not only [so], but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement [katallagēn]."

2. Reconciliation in Scope — Rejection and Receiving of Israel¶

Katallagē describes the cosmic/international dimension of God's redemptive economy involving Israel and the Gentiles.

Rom 11:15 — "For if the casting away of them [be] the reconciling [katallagē] of the world, what [shall] the receiving [of them be], but life from the dead?"

3. The Ministry and Word of Reconciliation¶

Katallagē names both the task entrusted to Paul (and believers) and its content — the message to be proclaimed.

2 Cor 5:18 — "...who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry [diakonian] of reconciliation [katallagēs];"
2 Cor 5:19 — "...and hath committed unto us the word [logon] of reconciliation [katallagēs]."

Grammatical Forms¶

Reference	Form	Parsing
Rom 5:11	καταλλαγήν	N-ASF — Accusative Singular Feminine
Rom 11:15	καταλλαγή	N-NSF — Nominative Singular Feminine
2 Cor 5:18	καταλλαγῆς	N-GSF — Genitive Singular Feminine
2 Cor 5:19	καταλλαγῆς	N-GSF — Genitive Singular Feminine

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous)	G2424	2x	"through our Lord Jesus Christ" — the agent of katallagē
καταλλάσσω (katalassō)	G2644	2x	verb/noun pairing: "who reconciled us… gave us the ministry of reconciliation"
κόσμος (kosmos)	G2889	2x	"reconciling of the world" — scope of katallagē
διακονία (diakonia)	G1248	1x	"ministry of reconciliation" — the noun defining the task
λόγος (logos)	G3056	1x	"word of reconciliation" — the message content
ζωή (zoe)	G2222	1x	"life from the dead" — the eschatological result in Rom 11:15
ἀποβολή (apobolē)	G580	1x	"casting away" — direct antonym to katallagē in Rom 11:15

Word Family / Cognates¶

G2644 καταλλάσσω — root verb: to reconcile, exchange, restore to favor (3x: 1 Cor 7:11; 2 Cor 5:18, 19, 20)
G0604 ἀποκαταλλάσσω — compound: to reconcile fully/completely (3x: Eph 2:16; Col 1:20, 21)
G0236 ἀλλάσσω — base verb: to exchange, change (6x)

Synonyms¶

No direct curated synonyms returned by search_relationships.py.

Antonyms¶

No direct curated antonyms returned by search_relationships.py.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion)	G2435	both appear in "atonement" contexts	hilastērion = the propitiatory place/act (satisfying divine justice); katallagē = the resulting restored relationship
εἰρήνη (eirēnē)	G1515	both rendered in reconciliation contexts	eirēnē = the resulting state of peace; katallagē = the act/state of restored standing
ἱλασμός (hilasmos)	G2434	both used in NT atonement theology	hilasmos = propitiation (the satisfaction/expiation); katallagē = reconciliation (the restored relationship)

Domain Neighbors (Louw-Nida 040.001)¶

Strong's	Lemma	Total Verses	Primary KJV Translation
G525	ἀπαλλάσσω	3	deliver, departed
G604	ἀποκαταλλάσσω	3	reconcile (fully)
G786	ἄσπονδος	2	implacable, trucebreakers
G1259	διαλλάσσω	1	be reconciled
G1517	εἰρηνοποιέω	1	having made peace
G1518	εἰρηνοποιός	1	peacemakers
G2644	καταλλάσσω	3	be reconciled, reconcile
G3316	μεσίτης	5	mediator

Hebrew Source¶

No direct LXX source. katallagē is a purely NT theological term coined by Paul. The concept maps broadly to Hebrew חָנַן (chanan, H2603 — grace/favor) and שָׁלֹום (shalom, H7965 — peace/wholeness), but no single Hebrew word is the primary LXX antecedent.