Praise)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)              Greek NT
───────────            ───────────────              ────────
יָדָה (yadah)       →  ἐξομολογέω (exomologeo)  →  ἐξομολογέω (exomologeo)
H3034, 111x            LXX co-occ: 78x              11x in NT
"praise, confess"      of yadah                     "confess, give thanks"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H3034	יָדָה (yadah)	111	praise, give thanks (Hiphil); confess (Hithpael); cast/shoot (Qal)
H8426	תּוֹדָה (towdah)	30	thanksgiving, confession, praise offering (derived noun)

Key OT passages: - Psalm 136:1 — "O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever." - Lev 16:21 — "And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel." - Dan 9:4 — "And I prayed unto the LORD my God, and made my confession."

Library entry: H3034-yadah.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occ	PMI Score	Notes
yadah (H3034)	ἐξομολογέω (G1843)	78x	33.14	Primary equivalent — dominates
yadah (H3034)	αἰνέω (G134)	18x	16.10	Secondary, praise-only contexts
yadah (H3034)	ψάλλω (G5567)	11x	14.02	Musical praise contexts

Reverse direction — G1843 also translates:

Hebrew	Co-occ	PMI Score
yadah (H3034)	78x	33.14
chesed (H2617)	19x	13.30
halal (H1984)	13x	12.37
zamar (H2167)	10x	14.53

Semantic preservation in translation: The LXX exomologeo preserves yadah's dual semantic range. The Greek compound (ek + homologeo = "out + confess/agree") carries both senses: public confession of sin and public acknowledgment/thanksgiving to God. The stem-based distinction (Hiphil = praise, Hithpael = confess) is collapsed into one Greek verb, but context disambiguates.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G1843	ἐξομολογέω (exomologeo)	11	confess, give thanks, acknowledge openly

NT Translation Distribution: - confess / confessing: 7x (64%) - thank: 2x (18%) - promise: 1x (9%) - confess (his name): 1x (9%)

Key NT passages: - Matt 3:6 — "And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins." - Luke 10:21 — "I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth" (Jesus' prayer — thanksgiving sense) - Rom 14:11 — "Every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God." (quotes Isa 45:23) - Rom 15:9 — "For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and sing unto thy name." (quotes Psalm 18:49 / 2 Sam 22:50) - Phil 2:11 — "Every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord." (alludes to Isa 45:23) - James 5:16 — "Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another." - Rev 3:5 — "I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels."

Library entry: G1843-exomologeo.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Rom 15:9	Psalm 18:49 (= 2 Sam 22:50)	yadah → exomologeo	"I will confess to thee among the Gentiles" — David's thanksgiving extended to Gentile mission
Rom 14:11	Isa 45:23	—	Universal acknowledgment formula, every tongue shall confess
Phil 2:11	Isa 45:23 (allusion)	—	Christological confession — "Jesus Christ is Lord"

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - Both senses (confession of sin and public thanksgiving/acknowledgment) carry through unchanged from Hebrew to Greek - The relational directedness persists — always confession/praise directed toward God or before witnesses - The formulaic pairing with prayer (palal / proseuchomai) carries from Dan 9:4,20 to James 5:16

What shifts: - In the OT, the praise/thanksgiving sense (Hiphil) vastly dominates (~90%); in the NT, the confession sense dominates (~64%) - The NT develops a confessional-christological usage absent in the OT: "confess that Jesus Christ is Lord" (Phil 2:11), "confess his name" (Rev 3:5) - The Hebrew stem distinction (Hiphil vs. Hithpael) that formally separates praise from confession is lost in Greek, where context alone disambiguates

Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup, --lexicon) Last updated: 2026-05-05