G2349 — θνητός (thnetos)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G2349
Original: θνητός
Transliteration: thnetos
Pronunciation: thnay-tos'
Part of Speech: Adjective
Root: θνῄσκω (thnesko, G2348) — to die
Occurrences: 6 verses (6 tokens) across 3 books
First Occurrence: Rom 6:12 — "Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, that ye should obey it in the lusts thereof."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From G2348 (thnesko); liable to die — mortal, mortality.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 23 — Physiological Processes and States
Subdomain: 23.007 — Live, Die
Gloss: mortal
Other words in subdomain: ἀθανασία (athanasia, G110), θάνατος (thanatos, G2288), ἀποθνῄσκω (apothnesko, G599), ἀνάστασις (anastasis, G386), ζωή (zoe, G2222), ἀφθαρσία (aphtharsia, G861)

Domain Neighbors (23.007 — Live, Die)¶

Strong's	Lemma	Total Vv	Primary KJV Translation(s)
G86	ᾅδης	10	hell, of hell
G110	ἀθανασία	3	immortality
G129	αἷμα	87	blood, of blood
G326	ἀναζάω	5	is alive again, revived
G386	ἀνάστασις	36	resurrection, the resurrection
G450	ἀνίστημι	28	arose, he arose
G599	ἀποθνῄσκω	47	died, die
G622	ἀπόλλυμι	29	perish, to destroy
G861	ἀφθαρσία	8	incorruption, immortality
G862	ἄφθαρτος	8	incorruptible, immortal
G2288	θάνατος	119	death, of death
G2348	θνῄσκω	13	dead, being dead

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
mortal	5	83.3%
mortality	1	16.7%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
2 Corinthians	2	0.8
Romans	2	0.5
1 Corinthians	2	0.5

Exclusively Pauline. All six occurrences appear in Paul's epistles — concentrated in his major theological discussions of the body, resurrection, and the mortal-to-immortal transformation. Absent from the Gospels, Acts, General Epistles, and Revelation.

Grammatical Forms¶

Reference	Form	Parsing
Rom 6:12	θνητῷ	Dative Singular Neuter — modifies σώματι (body)
Rom 8:11	θνητὰ	Accusative Plural Neuter — modifies σώματα (bodies)
1 Cor 15:53	θνητὸν	Nominative Singular Neuter — substantival ("this mortal")
1 Cor 15:54	θνητὸν	Nominative Singular Neuter — substantival ("this mortal")
2 Cor 4:11	θνητῇ	Dative Singular Feminine — modifies σαρκί (flesh)
2 Cor 5:4	θνητὸν	Nominative Singular Neuter — substantival ("mortality")

Pattern: Used adjectivally with σῶμα (body) or σάρξ (flesh) in 3 of 6 uses; used substantivally ("this mortal [thing]") in the other 3. Always neuter except 2 Cor 4:11 (feminine, agreeing with σαρκί).

Semantic Categories¶

1. The Mortal Body Under Sin's Dominion¶

Rom 6:12 — "Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, that ye should obey it in the lusts thereof."

The mortal body is the arena where sin seeks to exercise authority. The adjective thnetos marks the body as the site of vulnerability — subject to death and therefore to the temptations that exploit that condition.

2. The Mortal Body Awaiting Resurrection Quickening¶

Rom 8:11 — "But if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you."

The mortal body is not yet resurrected but is promised future vivification by the indwelling Spirit. The present state is mortality; the future promise is life.

3. The Mortal-to-Immortal Transformation at Resurrection¶

1 Cor 15:53 — "For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality."
1 Cor 15:54 — "So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory."

Thnetos is paired with its direct antonym athanasia (immortality, G110). Mortality is the present condition; immortality must be "put on" (endyo, G1746) — it is not inherent but granted at the resurrection event.

4. Life Manifested in Mortal Flesh¶

2 Cor 4:11 — "For we which live are alway delivered unto death for Jesus' sake, that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our mortal flesh."
2 Cor 5:4 — "For we that are in this tabernacle do groan, being burdened: not for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon, that mortality might be swallowed up of life."

The mortal condition is temporary and destined to be overcome. In 4:11 the divine life of Jesus is already manifested through mortal flesh; in 5:4 the believer groans for the final swallowing up of mortality by life (zoe, G2222).

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
ἀθανασία (athanasia)	G110	2x (33%)	"this mortal must put on immortality" — direct antonym pair
ἀφθαρσία (aphtharsia)	G861	2x (33%)	"corruptible... incorruption, and this mortal... immortality" — parallel pair
ἐνδύω (endyo)	G1746	2x (33%)	"put on" — clothing metaphor for transformation
ζωή (zoe)	G2222	2x (33%)	"life... manifest in our mortal flesh" / "mortality swallowed up of life"
θάνατος (thanatos)	G2288	2x (33%)	"delivered unto death... mortal flesh" / "death is swallowed up"
σῶμα (soma)	G4983	2x (33%)	"mortal body" / "mortal bodies" — the physical frame described as mortal
φθαρτός (phthartos)	G5349	2x (33%)	"this corruptible... and this mortal" — paired adjectives for the present human state
καταπίνω (katapino)	G2666	2x (33%)	"swallowed up" — mortality/death consumed by victory/life

Word Family / Cognates¶

G2348 θνῄσκω (thnesko) — root verb: to die (13v)
G2288 θάνατος (thanatos) — noun: death (119v)
G2289 θανατόω (thanatoo) — verb: put to death (11v)
G110 ἀθανασία (athanasia) — noun: immortality (3v) — alpha-privative negation of the thn- root

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
φθαρτός (phthartos)	G5349	both describe the present human condition in 1 Cor 15:53-54	phthartos = "corruptible/perishable" (subject to decay); thnetos = "mortal" (subject to death). They are parallel but not synonymous — corruption addresses decomposition, mortality addresses death itself.

No other Greek word is translated "mortal" in the KJV. The translation field is essentially unique to G2349.

Hebrew Source¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occurrence	PMI
אָדָם (adam)	H120	3x	5.05

The LXX uses thnetos primarily to render the concept of human mortality — mapping to adam (H120, "man/human being") in contexts where human frailty is in view.