TR: yashar → euthys (Upright/Straight)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)           Greek NT
───────────            ───────────────           ────────
יָשָׁר (yashar)     →   εὐθύς (euthys)        →   εὐθύς (euthys)
H3477, 119x            29x as translation         16x in NT
"straight, upright"    of yashar                  "straight, right"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H3477	יָשָׁר (yashar)	119	straight, upright, right (adjective)
H3474	יָשַׁר (yashar)	26	to be straight or even (root verb)
H3476	יֹשֶׁר (yosher)	14	uprightness, rightness (noun)
H4339	מֵישָׁר (meyshar)	19	evenness, uprightness, equity (noun)

Key OT passages: - Deu 32:4 — "a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right (yashar) is he" - Psa 25:8 — "Good and upright (yashar) is the LORD: therefore will he teach sinners in the way" - Pro 14:12 — "There is a way which seemeth right (yashar) unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death"

Library: H3477-yashar.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Count	Notes
yashar (H3477)	εὐθύς (G2117)	29x	Primary equivalent — carries spatial "straight" sense
yashar (H3477)	δίκαιος (G1342)	21x	When yashar means "righteous" — moral-legal sense
yashar (H3477)	ὀρθός (G3717)	12x	"Upright" — physical and moral verticality
yashar (H3477)	ἀρεστός (G701)	7x	"Pleasing/fitting" — when yashar = proper/suitable

Reverse — G2117 euthys translates:

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Count	Score
yashar	H3477	29	22.40
miyshowr	H4334	6	12.98
derek	H1870	15	8.98
tsaddiyq	H6662	8	8.76
meyshar	H4339	3	8.47

Semantic shift in translation: The LXX splits the unified Hebrew concept: euthys captures the spatial-directional sense (straight path, level way), while dikaios absorbs the moral-evaluative sense. In Hebrew, yashar holds both together — a straight road and a straight character are the same word. Greek forces a distinction.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G2117	εὐθύς (euthys)	16	straight, level, right (adjective)
G2118	εὐθύτης (euthytes)	1	rectitude, uprightness (noun — Heb 1:8)
G2112	εὐθέως (eutheos)	36	immediately, straightway (adverb — temporal sense)

Key NT passages: - Mat 3:3 — "The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight (euthys)" — quoting Isa 40:3 - Mar 1:3 — "Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight (euthys)" - Act 8:21 — "thy heart is not right (euthys) in the sight of God" - 2Pe 2:15 — "Which have forsaken the right (euthys) way, and are gone astray"

Library: TODO(need G2117 study)

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Mat 3:3	Isa 40:3	yashar → euthys	"make straight the way of the Lord" — the primary bridge verse
Mar 1:3	Isa 40:3	yashar → euthys	Same quotation in Mark's prologue
Luk 3:4-5	Isa 40:3-4	yashar → euthys	Extended quotation including "crooked shall be made straight"
Act 13:10	(allusion to Hos 14:9)	yashar → euthys	"wilt thou not cease to pervert the right ways of the Lord?"

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The path/way metaphor is the dominant bridge. Both OT yashar and NT euthys describe the "straight way" of God, and the concept that God's path is direct, not crooked. The Isa 40:3 quotation in the Synoptic Gospels preserves this continuity directly. - The moral sense of "right in the sight of God" persists — compare OT regnal formula "did right in the eyes of the LORD" with Act 8:21 "thy heart is not right in the sight of God."

What shifts: - The NT adverb eutheos (G2112, "immediately/straightway," 36x) develops an entirely temporal meaning from the spatial root — what is "straight" becomes "direct, without delay." This temporal sense dominates NT usage of the euthys word family. - The OT substantive use of yashar as a character type ("the upright" as a class of people) does not carry into the NT through euthys. That moral-person sense transfers instead through dikaios (G1342). - Heb 1:8 quotes Psa 45:6 using euthytes (G2118): "a sceptre of righteousness (euthytes) is the sceptre of thy kingdom" — the one NT occurrence of the noun form, preserving the OT connection between yashar-uprightness and royal rule.

Word Families¶

H3477 yashar family: H3474 yashar (verb), H3476 yosher (noun), H4334 miyshowr (noun), H4339 meyshar (noun)

G2117 euthys family: G2112 eutheos (adverb), G2113 euthydromeo (verb, "run a straight course"), G2118 euthytes (noun, "rectitude")