TR: galah → apokalyptō (Uncover / Reveal)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)              Greek NT
───────────            ───────────────              ────────
גָּלָה (galah)      →  ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalyptō)  →  ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalyptō)
H1540, 167x in OT       67x as translation          26x in NT
"uncover, reveal"        of galah                    "reveal"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H1540	גָּלָה (galah)	167	uncover, remove, go into exile, reveal
H1541	גְּלָה (gelah)	~14	(Aramaic) reveal, make known (Dan 2:19, 22, 28, 29, 47)

Key OT passages: - 1 Sam 3:21 — "the LORD revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of the LORD" (divine self-disclosure) - Isa 53:1 — "to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed?" (prophetic disclosure — quoted in John 12:38) - Gen 9:21 — "he was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent" (physical uncovering) - Num 22:31 — "the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam" (galah = "opened/uncovered" the eyes)

The Hebrew word has a broad semantic range: physical nakedness (Lev 18), exile/deportation (2 Ki 17:23), and divine revelation (1 Sam 3:21, Isa 53:1). The physical sense ("strip bare, uncover") is etymologically primary.

Library: TODO(need H1540 study)

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew → Greek	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
galah (H1540) → ἀποκαλύπτω (G601)	67	28.74	Primary equivalent — especially for divine revelation and uncovering nakedness
galah (H1540) → ἀσχημοσύνη (G808)	20	20.10	"Shameful exposure" — for nakedness/disgrace contexts
galah (H1540) → ἀνακαλύπτω (G343)	12	17.24	"Uncover/unveil" — close synonym of apokalyptō
galah (H1540) → μετοικίζω (G3351)	8	15.31	"Deport/resettle" — for the exile meaning of galah

Semantic narrowing in translation: The LXX splits galah's three semantic fields across different Greek words: apokalyptō absorbs the "reveal/uncover" sense, metoikizō takes the "exile" sense, and aschēmosynē captures the "nakedness/shame" sense. By the time apokalyptō enters the NT, its physical-uncovering and exile senses have been dropped — it is exclusively divine/spiritual disclosure.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G601	ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalyptō)	26	reveal, disclose, uncover hidden truth
G602	ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis)	18	revelation, disclosure, appearing

Key NT passages: - John 12:38 — "to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed?" (direct quote of Isa 53:1) - Mat 11:25 — "thou hast hid these things from the wise ... and hast revealed them unto babes" - Rom 1:17 — "the righteousness of God revealed from faith to faith" - 1Co 2:10 — "God hath revealed them unto us by his Spirit"

Library: G601-apokalypto.md, G602-apokalypsis.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Hebrew Word	Greek Word	Significance
John 12:38	Isa 53:1	galah (H1540)	apokalyptō (G601)	"to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed?" — John confirms the LXX's rendering of galah with apokalyptō

This is the only direct quotation, but the conceptual continuity is strong: Mat 11:25 and Luk 10:21 ("thou hast revealed them unto babes") echo the OT pattern of God uncovering truth to chosen recipients (cf. 1 Sam 3:21, Dan 2:19).

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - God is the primary agent of revelation — in both OT galah and NT apokalyptō, the passive voice dominates when the subject is divine truth - The pattern of selective disclosure — God reveals to some (babes, prophets) and hides from others (the wise, enemies) - The object revealed includes both God's character (righteousness, wrath) and specific future events (eschatological visions)

What shifts: - Semantic narrowing: OT galah covers physical nakedness, exile, and divine revelation; NT apokalyptō is exclusively spiritual/divine disclosure - Eschatological concentration: NT usage clusters around end-time revelation (glory to be revealed, man of sin revealed, salvation revealed) in a way that goes beyond OT galah - Christological focus: NT apokalyptō centers on the revelation of Christ — his identity (Mat 16:17), his gospel (Gal 1:16), his return (Luk 17:30, 2Th 2:8)