TR: H3499 יֶתֶר (yether) → G3062 λοιποί (loipoi)¶

Trace Summary¶

Stage	Word	Meaning	Key Contexts
Hebrew OT	יֶתֶר yether (H3499)	remainder, surplus, what is left over	Administrative "rest of acts," surviving peoples, leftover portions
LXX (Septuagint)	λοιποί loipoi (G3062)	remaining ones/things	Translates yether throughout Kings/Chronicles formula
Greek NT	λοιποί loipoi (G3062)	the rest, others, those who remain	Pauline epistles, Revelation — surviving/distinct group

Hebrew Foundation¶

H3499 yether appears 95× in the OT. Its dominant use is the regnal-archive formula: "Now the rest of the acts of [king X], are they not written in the book of the chronicles?" This is a neutral administrative "remainder" — the bulk of events not narrated in the canonical text.

Secondary uses carry more weight: the remnant of enemy peoples (Josh 23:12), survivors of catastrophe (2 Kgs 25:11), and the poetic/prophetic sense of what is "left over" after divine action (Joel 1:4; Hab 2:8).

Key OT verse (prophetic survival): - Zech 14:2 — "the residue of the people shall not be cut off from the city" — yether as the preserved group through eschatological crisis.

LXX Bridge¶

The translators of 1–2 Kings and Chronicles chose λοιποί as their standard rendering for yether in the regnal formula. The word λοιποί (masculine plural of λοιπός) literally means "the remaining/left-over ones." It is semantically transparent: an exact parallel to yether's core sense of "what is left over."

Co-occurrences: 45x (PMI 7.20 — dominant and specific)
Secondary Greek renderings: κατάλοιπος G2645 (17x), ἐπίλοιπος G1954 (4x)

NT Usage¶

G3062 appears 41× in the NT across 14 books, concentrated in Paul and Revelation.

Epistle Uses¶

Rom 11:7 — "the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded" — Israel and the hardened "remainder" parallel to OT remnant theology (though Israel's remnant there is more shearith/H7611 than yether)
1 Thess 4:13 — "that ye sorrow not, even as others which have no hope" — distinguishing the community from "the rest" (those without resurrection hope)
Eph 2:3 — "we all had our conversation in times past... even as others" — the non-believing world as "the rest"

Revelation Uses (Theologically Significant)¶

Rev 12:17 — "the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God" — final eschatological community; the "remaining ones" of the woman's descendants who remain faithful
Rev 9:20 — "the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues yet repented not" — survivors of the sixth trumpet who remain unrepentant
Rev 11:13 — "the remnant were affrighted, and gave glory to the God of heaven" — survivors after the earthquake witness
Rev 20:5 — "the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished" — the wicked dead contrasted with the resurrected saints
Rev 19:21 — "the remnant were slain with the sword" — final destruction of those who remain after the beast's defeat

Semantic Shift Across the Bridge¶

Feature	OT yether	NT loipoi
Tone	Neutral administrative	Often theologically charged
Subject	Kings' records, leftover goods	Groups of people: believers vs. unbelievers
Eschatological weight	Low (administrative); moderate (Zech 14)	High (Revelation: final remnant)
Marked usage	"excellency" (superiority)	Distinct faithful community (Rev 12:17)

The LXX translation of yether as loipoi carried the word's survival/remainder sense into Greek, where NT writers—especially the author of Revelation—pressed it into eschatological service. The "remnant of her seed" in Rev 12:17 echoes the same conceptual world as yether in its survival contexts (Josh 23:12; Hab 2:8; Zech 14:2), even though the theological freight is far heavier.