Word Studies¶

From Word Studies Library¶

nasa (H5375) — Bear/Carry¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5375-nasa.md - 607 verses, extremely broad semantic range - In sanctuary context, three registers: (1) priestly bearing inward (Lev 10:17; Exo 28:38), (2) scapegoat removal outward (Lev 16:22), (3) divine bearing/forgiving (Exo 34:7) - Lev 10:17: laset (Qal InfCon) = "to bear" the iniquity of the congregation. The priest BEARS sin through eating. - LXX bridge: nasa → airo (G142) → John 1:29 (present participle "the one taking away")

tame (H2930) — Defile/Be Unclean¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2930-tame.md - 142 occurrences in five stems: Qal (72, involuntary state change), Piel (43, causative/declarative), Niphal (16), Hithpael (12, deliberate self-defilement) - KEY for this study: Piel of tame in Lev 15:31 = causative. Israel CAUSES the tabernacle to be defiled. - Piel also in Num 19:13,20 — the unclean person "defileth" the tabernacle/sanctuary at a distance.

tumah (H2932) — Uncleanness¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2932-tumah.md - 31 verses. First category in the DOA three-term formula (Lev 16:16: mittumot = "from the uncleannesses") - Includes ritual impurity, ambient defilement, and all unresolved contamination the community generates

kaphar (H3722) — Atone/Cover¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3722-kaphar.md - 102 occurrences, 67 in Leviticus (66%). Piel (92) = factitive, produces atonement. - Dual collocations: kaphar+salach (daily, 12x), kaphar+taher (annual, 12x). English "atonement" hides this split. - Same verb in both daily and annual but produces different results.

salach (H5545) — Forgive¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5545-calach.md - 49 occurrences. God-exclusive subject — no human ever performs salach. - 13 Niphal forms (divine passive) all in sacrificial formulae. None in Lev 16. - The daily formula: kaphar (priest acts) + nislach (God forgives). Lev 4:20,26,31,35.

taher (H2891) — Cleanse¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2891-taher.md - 94 occurrences, 53 in Leviticus (56%). Piel (37) = causes/declares cleanness. Qal (34) = state of being clean. - Absent from Lev 4-5. Present in Lev 16:19,30. The annual formula. - Lev 16:30 three-verb chain: kaphar Piel → taher Piel → taher Qal = act → process → state.

nazah (H5137) — Sprinkle¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5137-nazah.md - 22 verses, Hiphil (20) = causative "cause to spatter." Fine, controlled finger-sprinkling. - In chattat: only Path 1 (priest/congregation). Seven times. Directed toward the veil. - Distinguished from zaraq (H2236, forceful dashing at altar base — used in burnt/peace offerings).

shaphak (H8210) — Pour Out¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H8210-shaphak.md - Universal across all chattat variants. ALL remaining blood poured at altar base (yesod). - LXX: ekcheo (G1632) in 99/111 occurrences — same verb in Matt 26:28 "shed for many."

chattaah (H2403) — Sin / Sin Offering¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2403-chattaah.md - Dual meaning: sin AND sin offering in the same word. 270 verses. - Singular-to-plural shift: chattato (daily, individual) → chatotam (DOA, corporate).

pesha (H6588) — Rebellion/Transgression¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6588-pesha.md - 90 verses. Willful rebellion/defection. NO provision in the daily chattat (Lev 4 addresses only shegagah). - Appears in DOA formula (Lev 16:16,21). The DOA covers what the daily cannot.

akal (H398) — Eat¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H398-akal.md - Priestly eating context: Lev 6:26 "the priest that offereth it for sin shall eat it." - In Lev 10:17, the eating (akal) is connected to bearing (nasa) and atoning (kaphar).

Fresh Lookups (no library entry)¶

shagah (H7686) / shegagah (H7684) — Err / Sin Through Ignorance¶

Source: Fresh tool queries

H7686 shagah (verb): 25 occurrences. Primitive root meaning "to stray, mislead, mistake, transgress through intoxication." Translated: "erred" (4x), "sin through ignorance" (1x), "wander" (2x), "go astray" (2x), "deceive" (2x), "ravished" (2x).

H7684 shegagah (noun): 19 occurrences. Feminine noun from H7686, meaning "mistake, inadvertent transgression." Translated: "through ignorance" (6x), "unawares" (4x), "ignorance" (4x), "error" (2x).

Distribution in Leviticus 4: shegagah appears in every category opening: - Lev 4:2 "If a soul shall sin through ignorance (bishgagah)" - Lev 4:13 "if the whole congregation sin through ignorance" - Lev 4:22 "through ignorance" - Lev 4:27 "sin through ignorance"

This term defines the SCOPE LIMITATION of the daily chattat. It covers inadvertent sin only. Contrast with Num 15:30-31: deliberate sin ("high hand") has NO sacrificial remedy. The DOA picks up pesha (willful rebellion) that the daily system cannot process (Lev 16:16).