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Grammar Reference Data

Library Entries Read

dan-7-9-10.md — Judgment Scene Grammar

  • Aramaic periphrastic construction: chazeh haveit (Ptcp + Perf.1s) = "I was seeing/beholding"
  • karsavan remiyu (Peil passive) = "thrones were placed/set up" (not "cast down" — KJV misleads)
  • attiq yomin (Adj.ms.Cst + Noun.mp) = "Ancient of days" — title construct
  • yethib (Peal.Perf.3ms) = "sat down" — the court takes its seat
  • diyna yethib (7:10) = "the judgment was set/sat" — the tribunal convenes
  • siphrin petichi (7:10) = "books were opened" — formal judicial proceeding
  • Three stages of diyn in Dan 7: SET (7:10), GIVEN to saints (7:22), ACTS against dominion (7:26)

dan-7-13.md — Son of Man Grammar

(Summary: Aramaic bar enash, "one like a son of man," with cloud theophany vocabulary)

dan-8-8-9.md — Horn Emergence Grammar

Key points: - min-ha-achat mehem (8:9): 3mp suffix on feminine antecedents = constructio ad sensum - yatsa (Qal.Perf.3ms): masculine verb for feminine subject qeren — treats horn as the king - mits'eirah (H4704): hapax feminine noun, compound min + tsa'ir = "from littleness" - tigdal-yether: Qal wayyiqtol + adverbial noun = "grew exceedingly" — surpassing degree - The gadal progression across 8:4, 8:8, 8:9: ram "became great" -> goat "very great" -> horn "exceeding great"

dan-8-10-12.md — Four-Fold Attack Grammar

Key points: - Voice chiasm: Active (higdil) -> Passive (huram, hushlakh) -> Passive (tinnatein) -> Active (tashlekh) - sar ha-tsava construct chain (8:11): "Prince of the host" — a heavenly figure - mekhon miqdash-o (8:11): 3ms suffix on miqdash = "HIS sanctuary" — Prince's, not horn's - huram (Hophal of ruwm): "was lifted away" — agentless passive - hushlakh (Hophal of shalak): "was cast down" — agentless passive - tinnatein (Niphal of natan): "was given" — divine passive - The passive cluster encodes divine or unnamed agency at the key action points

dan-8-11.md — Tamid Removal Grammar

(See dan-8-10-12.md above — tamid parsing confirmed)

dan-8-11-12-voice-alternation.md — Voice Chiasm

(See dan-8-10-12.md above — chiasm verified)

dan-8-13-14-dialogue.md — Heavenly Dialogue Grammar

Key points: - echad qadosh (8:13): "one holy one" — heavenly being - ha-palmoni ha-medabber: "that certain one who speaks" — palmoni is likely a compound - ad matay: "how long?" — standard prophetic complaint formula - ha-chazon ha-tamid: "the vision [concerning] the daily" — construct or apposition - ve-ha-pesha shomem: "and the transgression of desolation" — shomem Qal Ptcp (agent) - nitsdaq (Niphal.Perf.3ms of tsadaq): sole Niphal in OT, forensic vindication

dan-8-17-19.md — End-Time Framing Grammar

Key points: - eth qets (8:17): "time of the end" - acharit hazza'am (8:19): "the last end of the indignation" - le-mo'ed qets (8:19): "at the time appointed the end" — mo'ed + qets compound - Gabriel's triple horizon: three different temporal phrases all pointing to the same end

dan-8-23-25.md — Horn Characteristics Grammar

Key points: - az-paniym (8:23): exclusive construct chain — ONLY Dan 8:23 + Deu 28:50 in all OT - mevin chidot (8:23): "understanding riddles/dark sentences" — biyn Hiphil Ptcp - ve-atsam kocho ve-lo be-kocho (8:24): "his power shall be mighty but not by his own power" - be-efes yad yisshaber (8:25): "without hand he shall be broken" — Niphal passive, divine agency - sar sarim (8:25): "Prince of princes" — superlative construct (cf. 8:11 sar ha-tsava)

2thess-2-1-12.md — Man of Sin Grammar

Key points: - ho antikemenos kai huperairomenos (2:4): "who opposes and exalts himself" - eis ton naon tou theou kathisai (2:4): "in the temple of God to sit" — temple/sanctuary language - ho anomos (2:8): "the lawless one" - hon ho kyrios anelei to pneumati tou stomatos autou (2:8): "whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth" — stoma echoes Dan 7:8; divine destruction echoes Dan 7:11,26 and Dan 8:25

mat-24-15-mk-13-14-abomination.md — Abomination Grammar

Key points: - to bdelygma tes eremoseos (Matt 24:15): "the abomination of desolation" - to rhethen dia Daniel tou prophetou (Matt 24:15): "that which was spoken through Daniel the prophet" - Jesus explicitly attributes the abomination to Daniel and tells readers to "understand" (noeo) — echoing Dan 8:16-17 where Gabriel tells Daniel to "understand" (biyn/sakal)

dan-11-36-37.md — Willful King Grammar

Key points: - yithromem (Hithpael of ruwm) + yithgaddel (Hithpael of gadal): double self-exaltation - al kol el: "above every god" — universal scope - yedabber niplaot: "speak marvellous things" — cf. Dan 7:25 millin rabrevan - ad kalah za'am: "until the indignation be accomplished" — temporal limit set by God