Word Studies — sv-04b Jubilee, Isaiah 61, and the Festival Calendar¶

Core Vocabulary¶

H1865 deror (liberty/release)¶

Source: word-studies/H1865-drowr.md - 9 tokens across 7 verses in 5 books (Exodus, Leviticus, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel) - KJV: "liberty" (71%), "pure" (14%) - Root = unimpeded movement/flow - 6 of 7 liberty-sense occurrences use collocation qara deror ("proclaim liberty") — always PROCLAIMED, never merely enacted - 4 semantic categories: Jubilee institutional release (Lev 25:10, Eze 46:17), slave release in covenant context (Jer 34:8,15,17), messianic/prophetic liberation (Isa 61:1), "pure" = free-flowing myrrh (Exo 30:23) - Jer 34:17: God's ironic counter-proclamation — "I proclaim a deror FOR YOU to sword, pestilence, famine" - LXX bridge: G859 aphesis (6 co-occ, PMI 8.96) — forgiveness/release

H3104 yobel (jubilee/ram's horn)¶

Source: word-studies/H3104-yowbel.md - 25 verses/35 tokens across 4 books. Leviticus dominates (72%) - KJV: "jubile" (84%), "rams' horns" (20%) - Two semantic poles: (1) instrument — physical ram's horn (Jos 6, Exo 19); (2) institution — fiftieth-year cycle (Lev 25, 27, Num 36) - Instrument names the institution — connection is the prolonged blast (teruah) that inaugurates the year - LXX translators chose aphesis (release/forgiveness) rather than transliterating, capturing the core meaning

H6663 tsadaq (be righteous/justify)¶

Source: word-studies/H6663-tsadaq.md - 41 occurrences. Qal (22), Hiphil (12), Piel (5), Niphal (1 = Dan 8:14 only), Hithpael (1) - ZERO occurrences in Leviticus — courtroom/forensic vocabulary, not ritual - Dan 8:14 nitsdaq is the sole Niphal — passive receipt of vindication - Collocations: mishpat (30x), rasha (27x), emeth (8x) — judicial context

H6664 tsedeq (righteousness, masc.)¶

Source: word-studies/H6664-tsedeq.md - 112 verses/119 tokens. Psalms (49), Isaiah (25) - KJV: "righteousness" (~58%), "just/justice" (~11%) - Isa 61:3: "oaks of THE tsedeq" (trees of righteousness) - Dan 9:24: tsedeq olamim (everlasting righteousness) — the bridge verse

H6666 tsedaqah (righteousness, fem.)¶

Source: word-studies/H6666-tsedaqah.md - 150 verses/165 tokens. Isaiah (34), Psalms (34) - KJV: "righteousness" (~80%), "justice" (~8%) - Isa 61:10: meil tsedaqah — "robe of tsedaqah" - Isa 61:11: God will cause tsedaqah to "sprout" before all nations

H7522 ratsown (pleasure/favor/acceptance)¶

Source: word-studies/H7522-ratsown.md - 56 verses/60 tokens. Proverbs (14), Psalms (13), Leviticus (7) - KJV: "acceptable" (16%), "favour" (16%), "will" (16%) - Isa 61:2: shnat ratson — "year of favor/acceptance" (the positive side of the DOA binary) - Levitical usage: sacrifice accepted = ratson (Lev 1:3, 19:5, 22:19-21)

H5358 naqam (avenge, verb)¶

Source: word-studies/H5358-naqam.md - 31 verses/44 tokens. 5 stems: Qal (13), Niphal (12), Hithpael (5), Hophal (3), Piel (2) - 6 semantic categories: divine retributive justice, judicial self-questioning, human warfare, personal vengeance prohibited, blood-law, divine attribute - LXX bridge: G1556 ekdikeo (22x, PMI 8.04) — judicial vindication - NT reframing: visceral Hebrew vengeance → Greek judicial vindication

H5359 naqam (vengeance, noun)¶

Source: word-studies/H5359-naqam.md - 17 verses/19 tokens. Isaiah dominant (6 occurrences) - Formulaic "day of vengeance" (yom naqam): Isa 34:8, 61:2, 63:4, Pro 6:34 - Isa 61:2 pairs naqam with ratson — DOA binary mapped

H4941 mishpat (judgment/justice)¶

Source: word-studies/H4941-mishpat.md - 406 verses/448 tokens. "judgment" (~72%) - Isa 61:8: "I love mishpat" — God's judicial character - Collocates with tsedaqah (51x) — judgment and righteousness paired

H3477 yashar (right/upright)¶

Source: word-studies/H3477-yashar.md - 119 verses/124 tokens. "right" (36%), "upright" (~25%) - Jer 34:15: hayashar — "the right thing" — explicitly = proclaiming deror

H3722 kaphar (atone)¶

Source: word-studies/H3722-kaphar.md - 130 occurrences. Piel (92 = 90%). "make atonement" (72%) - Leviticus: 67 of 130 occurrences — sanctuary word - DOA formula: kaphar + taher (Lev 16:30). Daily formula: kaphar + salach

H2891 taher (be clean/cleanse)¶

Source: word-studies/H2891-taher.md - DOA vocabulary. kaphar → taher = annual formula - Zec 3:5: tsaniyf TAHOR — "pure turban" uses the DOA cleansing root in the post-judgment garment scene

Bridge Vocabulary¶

H5674 avar (pass over/through)¶

Source: word-studies/H5674-abar.md - 493 verses/690 tokens. Qal (85%), Hiphil (13%) - CRITICAL BRIDGE: Lev 25:9 uses Hiphil of avar twice (העברת, תעבירו) for "cause the trumpet to pass through" = trumpet sounding. Zec 3:4 uses Hiphil of avar (העברתי) for "I have caused your iniquity to pass from you" = iniquity removal. - Same verb form connects Jubilee proclamation and iniquity removal

H3444 yeshuah (salvation/deliverance)¶

Source: word-studies/H3444-yshuwah.md - 76 verses/77 tokens. "salvation" (82%). Psalms (59%), Isaiah (24%) - Isa 61:10: bigdey yesha — "garments of salvation" paired with "robe of tsedaqah" - LXX: G4991 soteria (38 co-occ) — but also rendered as dikaiosyne 8x in prophetic contexts (translators recognized yeshuah-tsedaqah pairing as near-synonymous)

H4254 machalatsah (festival garments)¶

Source: word-studies/H4254-machalatsah.md - Only 2 OT occurrences: Isa 3:22 and Zec 3:4 - Root = chalats (arm for battle / draw out) - In Zec 3:4: the garments God gives Joshua after removing iniquity

Key Parsing Results¶

Isa 61:10 — Priestly Investiture Language¶

הִלְבִּישַׁנִי (Hiphil of labash) — "He clothed me" — divine causative
כֶּחָתָן יְכַהֵן פְּאֵר — "as bridegroom ACTS AS PRIEST with headdress" (Piel of kahan!)
Priestly function in a vindication/garment context

Isa 61:8 — Everlasting Covenant¶

בְרִית עוֹלָם אֶכְרוֹת — "everlasting covenant I will CUT" (karath = same verb as Lev 23:29 penalty)
karath in Lev 23:29 = cut off (penalty). karath in Isa 61:8 = cut a covenant (blessing). Same root, opposite functions — judgment and restoration.

Jer 34:15/17 — The Deror Binary¶

v.15: deror proclamation = hayashar in God's eyes (righteousness)
v.17: refusal to proclaim deror → God proclaims deror "to sword, pestilence, famine"
Same word (deror), opposite outcomes — identical to DOA binary (Lev 23:29-30)