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Raw Hebrew/Aramaic Parsing Data

Daniel 7:7-8 (Aramaic — Horn Emergence in Dan 7)

Dan 7:7 Key Terms:

  • חֵיוָה (cheyva) Noun.fs.Abs = animal/beast (fourth)
  • דְּחִילָה (dechilah) Verb.peal.Ptcp.fs = "fearing/dreadful"
  • תַקִּיפָא (taqqifa) Adj.fs = "strong"
  • יַתִּירָא (yattira) Adj.fs = "excessive/exceedingly"
  • רַבְרְבָן (rabrevan) Adj.fp = "great" (iron teeth described as "great")
  • מְשַׁנְּיָה (meshanneya) Verb.pael.Ptcp.fs = "being different" (from shna A8133)
  • קַרְנַיִן (qarnayyin) Noun.fd.Abs = "horns" (A7162)
  • עֲשַׂר (asar) = "ten"

Dan 7:8 Key Terms:

  • מִשְׂתַּכַּל (mistakkal) Verb.htpa.Ptcp.ms = "considering" (from sakal)
  • קֶרֶן (qeren) Noun.fs.Abs = "horn" (A7162)
  • אָחֳרִי (ochori) Adj.fs = "another"
  • זְעֵירָה (ze'irah) Adj.fs = "small/little" — Aramaic adjective for littleness
  • סִלְקָת (silqat) Verb.peal.Perf.3fs = "went up" (from slq)
  • אֶתְעֲקַרָה (et'aqarah) Verb.etpe.Perf.3fp = "were plucked out" (from aqar)
  • עַיְנִין (aynin) Noun.fp = "eyes"
  • אֲנָשָׁא (anasha) Noun.ms = "mankind"
  • פֻם (pum) Noun.ms = "mouth"
  • מְמַלִּל (memalil) Verb.pael.Ptcp.ms = "speaking" (from mlal)
  • רַבְרְבָן (rabrevan) Adj.fp = "great" — H7260 rabrab

Key observation: Dan 7:8 uses common Aramaic adjective ze'irah for "little." Compare Dan 8:9 which uses Hebrew hapax noun mits'eirah.

Daniel 7:25 (Aramaic — Horn's Activities)

  • מִלִּין (millin) Noun.fp = "words" — the horn speaks WORDS against the Most High
  • לְצַד (le-tsad) Prep + Noun.ms.Cst = "to the side of" = "against"
  • עִלָּאָה (illaaah) Adj.ms = "highest/Most High"
  • יְמַלִּל (yemallil) Verb.pael.Impf.3ms = "he shall speak" — Pael (intensive)
  • קַדִּישֵׁי (qaddishe) Adj.mp.Cst = "holy ones/saints"
  • עֶלְיֹונִין (elyonin) Adj.mp = "most high" — modifies saints
  • יְבַלֵּא (yeballe) Verb.pael.Impf.3ms = "he shall wear out" — A1080 bla, HAPAX
  • יִסְבַּר (yisbar) Verb.peal.Impf.3ms = "he shall intend/think"
  • לְהַשְׁנָיָה (le-hashnayah) Verb.haf.InfCon = "to change" — A8133 Haphel
  • זִמְנִין (zimnin) Noun.mp = "times/appointed times"
  • דָת (dath) Noun.fs = "law/decree"
  • יִתְיַהֲבוּן (yithyahabun) Verb.htpe.Impf.3mp = "they shall be given" — passive
  • בִּידֵהּ (bideh) Prep + Noun.fs + 3ms = "into his hand"
  • עִדָּן (iddan) Noun.ms = "time" — A5732
  • פְלַג (pelag) Noun.ms.Cst = "half"

Daniel 8:8-9 (Hebrew — Horn Emergence in Dan 8)

Dan 8:8:

  • צְפִיר (tsephir) Noun.ms.Cst = "he-goat"
  • הִגְדִּיל (higdil) Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms = "he magnified" — gadal H1431
  • עַד מְאֹד (ad meod) = "exceedingly"
  • כְּעָצְמוֹ (ke-otsmo) = "when he was strong" — atsam Qal InfCon
  • נִשְׁבְּרָה (nishberah) Verb.Niphal.Perf.3fs = "was broken" — passive
  • הַקֶּרֶן הַגְּדוֹלָה (ha-qeren ha-gedolah) = "the great horn"
  • וַתַּעֲלֶנָה (vatta'alenah) Verb.Qal.Wayq.3fp = "and they came up"
  • חָזוּת אַרְבַּע (chazut arba) = "four conspicuous/notable ones"

Dan 8:9:

  • מִן הָאַחַת מֵהֶם (min ha-achat mehem) = "from one of them" — 3mp suffix on fem antecedents = constructio ad sensum
  • יָצָא (yatsa) Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms = "he went out" — MASCULINE verb for a feminine noun (qeren)
  • קֶרֶן אַחַת (qeren achat) = "one horn"
  • מִצְּעִירָה (mits-tse'irah) Noun.fs.Abs = "from littleness/smallness" — H4704 HAPAX
  • וַתִּגְדַּל (vattigdal) Verb.Qal.Wayq.3fs = "and she grew great" — returns to feminine
  • יֶתֶר (yether) Noun.ms.Abs = "exceedingly/beyond" — H3499 adverbial
  • אֶל הַנֶּגֶב (el ha-negev) = "toward the south"
  • אֶל הַמִּזְרָח (el ha-mizrach) = "toward the east"
  • אֶל הַצֶּבִי (el ha-tsebi) = "toward the pleasant/beautiful [land]"

Key observation: The masculine verb yatsa (3ms) with a feminine subject qeren signals constructio ad sensum — the horn is grammatically treated as the male KING it represents. The 3mp suffix mehem ("of them") on feminine antecedents (horns or winds, both feminine) uses the same construction.

Daniel 8:10-13 (Hebrew — Four-Fold Attack)

Dan 8:10:

  • וַתִּגְדַּל (vattigdal) Verb.Qal.Wayq.3fs = "and it grew great" — gadal Qal
  • צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם (tseva ha-shamayim) = "host of the heavens" — construct chain
  • וַתַּפֵּל (vattappel) Verb.Hiphil.Wayq.3fs = "and it caused to fall" — Hiphil causative
  • מִן הַצָּבָא (min ha-tsava) = "some of the host"
  • מִן הַכּוֹכָבִים (min ha-kokhavim) = "some of the stars"
  • וַתִּרְמְסֵם (vattirm'sem) Verb.Qal.Wayq.3fs+3mp = "and it trampled them"

Dan 8:11:

  • שַׂר הַצָּבָא (sar ha-tsava) = "Prince of the host" — construct chain
  • הִגְדִּיל (higdil) Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms = "he magnified [himself]" — shifts to MASCULINE, Hiphil
  • הוּרַם (huram) Verb.Hophal.Perf.3ms = "was taken away/lifted" — PASSIVE, from ruwm H7311
  • הַתָּמִיד (ha-tamid) = "the continual [service]" — tamid H8548
  • וְהֻשְׁלַךְ (ve-hushlakh) Verb.Hophal.Perf.3ms = "and was cast down" — PASSIVE, from shalak H7993
  • מְכוֹן מִקְדָּשׁוֹ (mekhon miqdash-o) = "the place of HIS sanctuary" — 3ms suffix

Dan 8:12:

  • וְצָבָא תִּנָּתֵן (ve-tsava tinnatein) Verb.Niphal.Impf.3fs = "and a host was given" — divine PASSIVE
  • עַל הַתָּמִיד (al ha-tamid) = "against the daily [service]"
  • בְּפָשַׁע (be-fesha) = "by reason of transgression" — pesha H6586
  • וְתַשְׁלֵךְ אֱמֶת אַרְצָה (ve-tashlekh emet artsah) = "and it cast truth to the ground" — Hiphil ACTIVE
  • וְעָשְׂתָה (ve-asetah) = "and it practised"
  • וְהִצְלִיחָה (ve-hitslychah) = "and it prospered" — tsalach H6743 Hiphil

Dan 8:13:

  • חָזוֹן (chazon) = "vision" — H2377
  • הַתָּמִיד (ha-tamid) = "the daily"
  • וְהַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם (ve-ha-pesha shomem) = "and the transgression of desolation" — pesha + shamem Qal Ptcp
  • תֵּת (tet) = "to give" (Qal InfCon of natan)
  • וְקֹדֶשׁ (ve-qodesh) = "and sanctuary/holiness"
  • וְצָבָא (ve-tsava) = "and host"
  • מִרְמָס (mirmas) = "trampling"

Key: Voice Chiasm in Dan 8:11-12 (Active-Passive-Active): - v.11a: ACTIVE (Hiphil higdil — he magnified himself) - v.11b: PASSIVE (Hophal huram — was taken away; Hophal hushlakh — was cast down) - v.12a: PASSIVE (Niphal tinnatein — was given) - v.12b: ACTIVE (Hiphil tashlekh — it cast down truth)

Daniel 8:14 (Hebrew — Verdict)

  • עֶרֶב (erev) Noun.ms = "evening" — H6153
  • בֹּקֶר (boqer) Noun.ms = "morning" — H1242
  • אַלְפַּיִם (alpayim) Noun.d = "two thousand" (dual)
  • וּשְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת (u-shelosh meot) = "and three hundred"
  • וְנִצְדַּק (ve-nitsdaq) Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms = "and it shall be vindicated/cleansed" — tsadaq H6663 Niphal, SOLE Niphal in OT
  • קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh) Noun.ms = "sanctuary/holiness" — H6944

Daniel 8:23-25 (Hebrew — Horn Characteristics)

Dan 8:23:

  • בְאַחֲרִית (be-acharit) = "in the latter time"
  • מַלְכוּתָם (malkutam) = "their kingdom" — 3mp suffix
  • כְּהָתֵם הַפֹּשְׁעִים (ke-hatem ha-posh'im) = "when the transgressors are come to the full" — tamam Hiphil InfCon + pasha Qal Ptcp
  • מֶלֶךְ עַז פָּנִים (melekh az-paniym) = "a king of fierce countenance" — EXCLUSIVE construct chain (only here + Deu 28:50)
  • מֵבִין חִידוֹת (mevin chidot) = "understanding riddles/dark sentences" — biyn H995 Hiphil Ptcp

Dan 8:24:

  • וְעָצַם כֹּחוֹ (ve-atsam kocho) = "his power shall be mighty" — atsam H6105 Qal
  • וְלֹא בְכֹחוֹ (ve-lo be-kocho) = "but NOT by his own power"
  • וְנִפְלָאוֹת יַשְׁחִית (ve-niplaot yashchit) = "he shall destroy wonderfully" — pala Niphal Ptcp + shachat H7843 Hiphil
  • וְהִשְׁחִית עֲצוּמִים (ve-hishchit atsumiym) = "and destroy the mighty" — shachat Hiphil
  • וְעַם קְדֹשִׁים (ve-am qedoshiym) = "and the holy people" — qadowsh H6918

Dan 8:25:

  • שִׂכְלוֹ (sikhlo) = "his insight/policy" — sekhel H7922
  • מִרְמָה (mirmah) = "deceit/craft" — H4820
  • בְּיָדוֹ (be-yado) = "in his hand" — yad H3027
  • יַגְדִּיל (yagdil) Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms = "he shall magnify [himself]" — gadal H1431
  • בְשַׁלְוָה (be-shalvah) = "by peace/ease" — H7962
  • יַשְׁחִית רַבִּים (yashchit rabbiym) = "he shall destroy many"
  • שַׂר שָׂרִים (sar sarim) = "Prince of princes" — superlative construct
  • יַעֲמֹד (ya'amod) = "he shall stand up against"
  • וּבְאֶפֶס יָד (u-be-efes yad) = "and without hand" — efes H657 + yad H3027
  • יִשָּׁבֵר (yisshaber) Verb.Niphal.Impf.3ms = "he shall be broken" — PASSIVE, divine agency

Daniel 11:31, 36 (Hebrew — Bridge Vocabulary)

Dan 11:31:

  • חִלְּלוּ (chillelu) Verb.Piel.Perf.3p = "they shall pollute/profane" — chalal H2490
  • הַמִּקְדָּשׁ (ha-miqdash) = "the sanctuary" — miqdash H4720 (SAME as Dan 8:11)
  • הַמָּעוֹז (ha-ma'oz) = "the fortress/strength"
  • הֵסִירוּ (hesiru) Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3p = "they shall take away" — sur H5493 (cf. Dan 8:11 huram)
  • הַתָּמִיד (ha-tamid) = "the daily" — tamid H8548 (SAME as Dan 8:11,13)
  • הַשִּׁקּוּץ מְשׁוֹמֵם (ha-shiqquts meshomem) = "the abomination that maketh desolate" — shiqquts H8251 + shamem H8074 Piel Ptcp

Dan 11:36:

  • יִתְרוֹמֵם (yithromem) Verb.Hithpael.Impf.3ms = "he shall exalt himself" — ruwm H7311
  • יִתְגַּדֵּל (yithgaddel) Verb.Hithpael.Impf.3ms = "he shall magnify himself" — gadal H1431 (SAME root as Dan 8:9-11)
  • עַל כָּל אֵל (al kol el) = "above every god"
  • אֵל אֵלִים (el eliym) = "God of gods" — superlative
  • יְדַבֵּר נִפְלָאוֹת (yedabber niplaot) = "shall speak marvellous things" — pala H6381 (cf. Dan 8:24)
  • הִצְלִיחַ (hitsliach) = "shall prosper" — tsalach H6743 (cf. Dan 8:12,24)

Revelation 13:5 (Greek Parsing)

  • ἐδόθη (edothe) V-API-3S = "was given" — divine passive (cf. Dan 7:25 yithyahabun)
  • στόμα (stoma) N-NSN = "mouth" — G4750 (cf. Dan 7:8 pum)
  • λαλοῦν (laloun) V-PAP-NSN = "speaking" — Present Active Participle (cf. Dan 7:8 memalil)
  • μεγάλα (megala) A-APN = "great things" — Accusative plural (cf. Dan 7:8 rabrevan -> G3173 megas)
  • βλασφημίας (blasphemias) N-APF = "blasphemies" — Accusative plural (NT addition to Dan 7 formula)
  • ἐξουσία (exousia) N-NSF = "authority/power"
  • μῆνας τεσσεράκοντα δύο (menas tesserakonta duo) = "months forty two" = 42 months = 1260 days = 3.5 years = Dan 7:25 iddan ve-iddanin u-felag iddan