Word Studies

From Word Studies Library

kaphar — H3722

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3722-kaphar.md - Verb (primitive root), 102 occurrences. Piel dominates (92/102 = 90%). - Definition: To cover; figuratively to expiate, condone, placate, cancel. - KJV: "make atonement" ~73x (72%), "purge" 8x, "reconcile" 7x. - Distribution: 67% in Leviticus, 83% in Pentateuch. - Core collocations: chattaah (38x), kohen (27x), dam (12x), salach (12x), taher (12x). - Two result formulas: kaphar→salach (daily, 13x in Lev 4-5) vs. kaphar→taher (DOA, Lev 16:30). - Key for this study: kaphar technically describes the blood-application action, not the killing. In Lev 16, kaphar appears in v.6, v.10, v.11, v.16, v.17, v.18, v.20, v.24, v.27, v.30, v.32, v.33, v.34 — always for what happens WITH the blood, never for the slaughter itself.

teleo — G5055

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5055-teleo.md - Verb, 26 unique verses. Root: telos (G5056) = end, goal, terminus. - Semantic categories: (1) Narrative closure "when Jesus had finished," (2) Fulfillment of Scripture, (3) "It is finished" — cross declaration, (4) Fulfilling the law, (5) Completing a mission, (6) Eschatological completion in Revelation. - τετέλεσται (John 19:30) = Perfect Passive Indicative 3S. Perfect tense = completed action with ongoing results. - Hebrew source: H3615 kalah (PMI 5.49, 5 co-occurrences). LXX bridge confirmed.

telos — G5056

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5056-telos.md - Neuter noun, 41 unique verses. Root: tello = to set out for a definite point or goal. - Primary sense: the conclusion of an act or state, OR the purpose toward which something tends. - KJV: "end/the end" 83%. - "Christ is the end (telos) of the law for righteousness" (Rom 10:4) — goal/culmination sense. - Hebrew source via LXX: natsach (H5329, PMI 7.21) — "to oversee/be preeminent."

kalah — H3615

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3615-kalah.md - Verb, 199 unique verses. Piel dominates (141/206 tokens). - Definition: To end, complete, consume, destroy. - Semantic categories: (1) Completion of a task (Gen 2:1-2), (2) Finishing speaking, (3) Divine judgment/consumption, (4) Wrath accomplished. - Key for this study: Lev 16:20 uses kalah Piel perf 3ms (כִלָּה) + min + kaphar InfCon = "when he has finished from making atonement" — structural boundary marker between blood-application phase and scapegoat phase. - LXX mapping: synteleo G4931 (85x, PMI 27.17), teleo G5055 (5x, PMI 9.84). The kalah→teleo bridge through Gen 2:1-2 connects creation completion to John 19:30.

hilasterion — G2435

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2435-hilasterion.md - Neuter noun, 2 NT occurrences (Rom 3:25; Heb 9:5). - Lexicon: An expiatory place or thing — mercy seat (Heb 9:5) or propitiatory sacrifice (Rom 3:25). - Hebrew source: kapporeth H3727 (16x LXX, PMI 9.75). - Key for this study: Rom 3:25 applies hilasterion to Christ himself. The typological chain: mercy seat (kapporeth) → Christ (hilasterion). What happened annually by blood-sprinkling at the kapporeth now happens once-for-all at the cross. Combined with dikaiosyne = DOA vocabulary + vindication vocabulary together.

entygchano — G1793

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1793-entynchano.md - Verb, 5 occurrences. Root: en + tygchano = to hit upon, approach, appeal. - Present tense dominates (4 of 5) — emphasizes ongoing, continuous intercession. - Key verses: Rom 8:27 (Spirit intercedes), Rom 8:34 (Christ intercedes), Heb 7:25 ("ever liveth to make intercession"). - Hebrew background: H6293 paga (Isa 53:12 LXX).

parakletos — G3875

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3875-parakletos.md - Masculine noun, 5 occurrences. Exclusively Johannine. - KJV: "Comforter" 4x (Holy Spirit, John 14-16), "advocate" 1x (Christ, 1 John 2:1). - 1 John 2:1: Christ as legal advocate before the Father — forensic/courtroom dimension.

kathizo — G2523

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2523-kathizo.md - Verb, 46 unique verses. Both transitive ("cause to sit") and intransitive ("sit down"). - Semantic categories include: (1) Enthronement of Christ, (2) Thrones for the faithful, (3) Judicial seating, (4) Teaching posture. - Hebrews enthronement uses: Heb 1:3, 8:1, 10:12, 12:2. - Key for this study: Every Hebrews occurrence describes the ENTHRONED exalted Christ. Sitting = royal authority, not retirement. Kings sit to govern, not to cease activity.

leitourgos — G3011

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3011-leitourgos.md - Masculine noun, 5 occurrences. From leitos ("public") + ergon ("work"). - Heb 8:2: Christ is leitourgos "of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle." This is the verse that explicitly combines sitting (v.1, kathizo) with active ministry (v.2, leitourgos).

hagiazo — G37

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G37-hagiazo.md - Verb, sanctify/set apart. Used in Heb 10:10 (ephapax — once for all offering sanctifies) and 10:14 (present passive participle — "those being sanctified," ongoing process).

katharizo — G2511

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2511-katharizo.md - Verb, 30 occurrences. LXX equivalent of taher H2891. - 1 John 1:7: καθαρίζει = Present Active Indicative — "cleanses" (ongoing). - Heb 9:23: καθαρίζεσθαι = Present Passive Infinitive — the heavenly things need to be purified. - Key for this study: katharizo in present tense = ongoing cleansing. The blood's purifying work continues after the sacrifice is complete.

Translation Relationships

TR: taher → katharizo

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-taher-katharizo.md - taher (H2891, 94x) → katharizo (G2511, 61x as LXX translation). - Continuity: Blood remains the instrument; God remains the agent; priestly declaration pattern persists. - Shifts: From ritual to moral/spiritual; from priest-mediated to direct; from repeated to once-for-all.

TR: tsadaq → dikaioo

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-tsadaq-dikaioo.md - tsadaq (H6663, 41x) → dikaioo (G1344, 21x LXX, 40x NT). - OT covers Qal (be righteous), Hiphil (declare righteous), Piel (prove right), Niphal (be vindicated). - NT dikaioo primarily carries the Hiphil forensic-declaration sense. - Key: The OT Niphal (Dan 8:14 — vindication) has no direct NT parallel via dikaioo — the concept takes different vocabulary in the NT.

Word Groups Read

WG-atonement

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-atonement.md - 12 words: kaphar (action), kopher (price), kippur (event), kapporeth (place), kohen (agent), dam (instrument), chattaah (offering), mizbeach (location), avon (problem), salach (divine response), taher (result), asham (guilt offering). - kaphar+salach co-occur 12x (daily formula); kaphar+taher co-occur 12x (DOA formula).

WG-intercession

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-intercession.md - 4 words: entygchano (action), hyperentygchano (intensified), enteuxis (event/practice), mesites (agent). - Rom 8:26-34 is fullest NT treatment — both Spirit (hyperentygchano) and Christ (entygchano) intercede.

WG-sacrifice

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-sacrifice.md - 7 offering types: olah (burnt), shelem (peace), zebach (general), qorban (presentation), minchah (grain), chattaah (sin), asham (guilt).

WG-cleansing

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-cleansing.md - Core binary: taher/tahowr (clean) vs. tame (unclean). Mechanisms: kabas (wash garments), rachats (bathe body). - NT counterparts: katharizo/katharos/katharismos map the Hebrew family precisely.

Newly Generated Studies (Phase 3.5)

hapax — G530

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G530-hapax.md - Adverb, 15 occurrences across 6 books. Hebrews has 8 (53%). - Two senses: (1) Numerical "once" (bare counting), (2) Unrepeatable sacrifice/offering. - Semantic categories: numerical once (2 Cor 11:25), unrepeatable sacrifice (Heb 9:26,28; 1 Pet 3:18), unrepeatable human experience (Heb 9:27), past completed state (Heb 6:4; 10:2), eschatological finality (Heb 12:26-27). - Key finding: hapax has broader range than ephapax. In sacrificial contexts (Heb 9:26,28), it modifies the sacrifice/appearing. It NEVER modifies intercession or ongoing ministry. - Hebrew source via LXX: paam H6471 (16x, PMI 19.66), echad H259 (14x, PMI 10.70). Primary range is numerical.

ephapax — G2178

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2178-ephapax.md - Adverb (compound: epi + hapax), 5 occurrences. Hebrews has 3 (60%). - In NT, 4 of 5 uses = decisive unrepeatable sacrifice: Rom 6:10, Heb 7:27, 9:12, 10:10. - 1 Cor 15:6 = "at once" (simultaneous occurrence — different sense). - CRITICAL VERIFICATION: Every sacrificial use of ephapax modifies the sacrifice/offering/death: - Rom 6:10: "he died unto sin once" (modifies DIED) - Heb 7:27: "this he did once, when he offered up himself" (modifies DID/OFFERED) - Heb 9:12: "he entered in once... having obtained eternal redemption" (modifies ENTERED) - Heb 10:10: "through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once" (modifies OFFERING) - ephapax NEVER modifies intercession, ministry, or ongoing priestly activity.

histemi — G2476

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2476-histemi.md - Verb, 152 unique verses. Complex tense/voice system. - Heb 10:11: ἕστηκεν (Perfect Active Indicative) = "stands" — ongoing state of standing. - Key for this study: The standing-sitting contrast in Heb 10:11-12: Every priest STANDS (histemi, perfect = ongoing state) daily ministering... but THIS MAN sat down (kathizo, aorist = completed action). Standing = work never finished. Sitting = sacrifice complete.

Fresh Lookups (no library entry)

G530 hapax — Verification

All 15 occurrences confirmed via search_strongs.py: - "once": 2 Cor 11:25; 1 Th 2:18; Heb 9:7, 9:26, 9:27, 10:2; 1 Pet 3:20; Jude 1:5; Phil 4:16 - "was once": Heb 6:4; 9:28 - "once more": Heb 12:26, 12:27 - "were once": Jude 1:3 - "hath once": 1 Pet 3:18

G2178 ephapax — Verification

All 5 occurrences confirmed: - "once": Rom 6:10; Heb 7:27; 9:12; 10:10 - "at once": 1 Cor 15:6