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Raw Grammar References Data

Grammar Library Entries Read

1. Dan 10:1 Grammar (dan-10-1.md)

Full morphological analysis of the verse. Key features: - niglah = Niphal.Perf.3ms of galah — divine passive ("a word was revealed") - u-vin = Qal.Perf.3ms of biyn — completed understanding - biynah lo ba-mar'eh = nominal clause: "understanding [was] to him in the mar'eh" - ve-emeth ha-dabar = fronted predicate nominal: truth precedes understanding - tsaba gadol = "great warfare" (not "long time") - The biyn chain resolution: 8:15 (noun/desire) → 8:16 (Hiphil impv/commission) → 8:27 (negated ptcp/failure) → 9:23 (dual impv/renewed commission) → 10:1 (Qal perf + stative noun = completed)

2. Dan 12:4 Sealing Grammar (dan-12-4-sealing.md)

  • Dual Qal imperative pair: setom (satham) ha-devarim + chatom (chatham) ha-sepher
  • Two sealing verbs, two different objects (words vs. book/scroll)
  • Temporal boundary: 'ad-'eth qets (until the time of end)
  • 'ad specifies a BOUNDARY after which the sealed state terminates (stronger than le in 8:26)
  • Post-boundary coda: yeshotetu rabbim ve-tirbeh ha-da'ath — asyndetically joined to command
  • Five-clause structure: command triad (1-3) + prediction pair (4-5)
  • Asyndeton between command and prediction leaves causal/consequential relationship open

3. Dan 12:9 Sealing Grammar (dan-12-9-sealing.md)

  • Active imperatives (v.4) → passive participles (v.9): setom/chatom → setumim/chatumim
  • Qal passive participle (qetul pattern): CeCuCim — distinct from active participle CoCeCim
  • Same temporal boundary: 'ad-'eth qets (verbatim match with v.4)
  • The reframing: what Daniel was commanded to DO is now stated as a settled STATE
  • lekh = Qal.Impv.2ms of halak — "go (your way)" — commission/release formula

4. Dan 12:7,11-12 Time Period Grammar (dan-12-7-11-12.md)

  • 12:7: le-mo'ed mo'adim va-chetsi — "for a time, times, and a half"
  • mo'adim = masculine plural (NOT dual — dual would be mo'adayim)
  • The tradition reads "2 times" but morphology allows any number ≥ 2
  • The oath formula: raised both hands, swore by "the living of eternity"
  • ukhekalloth nappets yad-'am-qodesh = "when the shattering of the hand of the holy people is completed"
  • tikhleynah kol-elleh = "all these shall be finished" (Qal.Impf.3fp — feminine plural subject = "all these")
  • 12:11: yamim eleph matayim ve-tish'im = 1,290 days
  • From husar ha-tamid = "the removal of the tamid" (Hophal inf con of sur)
  • 12:12: ashrey ha-mechakkeh = "blessed is the one who waits" (Piel ptcp of chakah)
  • yamim eleph shelosh me'oth sheloshim va-chamishah = 1,335 days
  • The only beatitude in Daniel — unique blessing attached to this period

5. Dan 9:22-23 Grammar (dan-9-22-23.md)

  • vayyaskileni = Hiphil.Wayq.3ms of sakal — "he gave me insight"
  • biynah = understanding (noun) — Gabriel came to give biynah
  • 9:23: u-vin ba-dabar ve-haven ba-mar'eh = dual imperatives
  • biyn = Qal.Impv.2ms — "understand the word"
  • haven = Hiphil.Impv.2ms — "gain insight into the vision"
  • The mar'eh and the dabar are BOTH objects of understanding

6. Dan 8:15-16 Grammar (dan-8-15-16.md)

  • 8:15: va-avaqeshah biynah = "and I sought understanding" (biynah noun)
  • 8:16: haven et-hallaz ha-mar'eh = "cause this one to understand the mar'eh"
  • haven = Hiphil.Impv.2ms — the commission origin
  • The command is to Gabriel: make Daniel understand the mar'eh specifically

7. Dan 8:26 Grammar (dan-8-26.md)

  • mar'eh ha-erev veha-boqer = "the vision of the evening and the morning" — declared emeth (true)
  • ha-chazon = "the vision" — commanded to be sealed (satham)
  • The grammatical split: mar'eh gets a truth-declaration; chazon gets a concealment-command
  • Two different words, two different directives in the same verse

8. Seal Command Syntax (seal-command-syntax-daniel.md)

  • Imperatives: Dan 8:26 (satham), Dan 12:4 (satham + chatham)
  • Passive participles: Dan 12:9 (setumim + chatumim)
  • Infinitives: Dan 9:24 (chatham — "to seal up vision and prophecy")
  • The sealing vocabulary progresses: single command (8:26) → dual command (12:4) → dual stative (12:9)

9. Apocalyptic Time Unit Grammar (apocalyptic-time-unit-grammar.md)

  • yamim = standard day-unit (used freely in Dan 12:11,12)
  • erev boqer = unique to Dan 8:14 — deliberately unusual counting unit
  • mo'ed = appointed time (Dan 8:19; 12:7) — not a counting unit but a duration marker
  • 'eth qets = "time of the end" — technical construct chain, anarthrous but definite by genre