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Raw Hebrew Parsing Output

Zechariah 3:1-5 (Model Text)

Zec 3:4 Key Verbs

  • וַיַּ֗עַן (Verb.Qal.Wayq.3ms of ענה) — "and he answered"
  • וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (Verb.Qal.Wayq.3ms of אמר) — "and he said"
  • הָסִ֛ירוּ (Verb.Hiphil.Impv.mp of סור) — "remove!" (imperative to attendants)
  • הַבְגָדִ֥ים (Art + Noun.mp.Abs of בגד) — "the garments"
  • הַצֹּאִ֖ים (Art + Adj.mp.Abs of צוא H6674) — "the filthy"
  • הֶעֱבַ֤רְתִּי (Verb.Hiphil.Perf.1s of עבר H5674) — "I have caused to pass [from thee]"
  • עֲוֹנֶ֔ךָ (Noun.ms.Abs+2ms of עון H5771) — "thine iniquity"
  • וְהַלְבֵּ֥שׁ (Verb.Hiphil.InfAbs of לבשׁ H3847) — "and clothing [thee]"
  • מַחֲלָצֹ֖ות (Noun.fp.Abs of H4254) — "change of raiment / festival garments"

Zec 3:5 Key Verbs

  • וָאֹמַ֕ר (Verb.Qal.Wayq.1s of אמר) — "and I said" (Zechariah speaks)
  • יָשִׂ֛ימוּ (Verb.Qal.Impf.3mp of שׂים) — "let them set"
  • צָנִ֥יף טָהֹ֖ור (Noun.ms.Abs + Adj.ms.Abs of טהר) — "a clean/pure turban"
  • וַיָּשִׂימוּ֩ (Verb.Qal.Wayq.3mp of שׂים) — "and they set"
  • וַיַּלְבִּשֻׁ֨הוּ֙ (Verb.Hiphil.Wayq.3mp+3ms of לבשׁ H3847) — "and they clothed him"
  • בְּגָדִ֔ים (Noun.mp.Abs of בגד H899) — "garments"
  • עֹמֵֽד (Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms of עמד) — "standing" (the angel of YHWH)

Key Observations: Verb Sequence in Zec 3:4

  1. הָסִירוּ — Hiphil Imperative plural: "Remove!" (command to multiple attendants)
  2. הֶעֱבַרְתִּי — Hiphil Perfect 1cs: "I have caused to pass" (God as speaker, 1st person)
  3. וְהַלְבֵּשׁ — Hiphil Infinitive Absolute: "and clothing [thee]" (continuing action)

Three distinct actions by the Angel of YHWH: - Step 1: Command to remove filthy garments (Hiphil of סור — "cause to turn aside") - Step 2: Declaration that iniquity has been caused to pass (Hiphil of עבר — "cause to pass over/away") - Step 3: Clothing with festival garments (Hiphil of לבשׁ — "cause to wear")

The Hebrew supports THREE steps, not two. The removal of garments and the removal of iniquity are grammatically distinct acts (different roots: סור vs. עבר). The third act (clothing) uses a different garment term (machalatsah H4254 = "festival/change of raiment") from the filthy garments (beged H899).

Leviticus 16:16

  • כִפֶּר (Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms of כפר H3722) — "and he shall make atonement"
  • עַל הַקֹּדֶשׁ — "for/upon the holy [place]"
  • מִטֻּמְאֹת (Noun.fp.Cst of טמאה) — "from/because of the uncleannesses"
  • וּמִפִּשְׁעֵיהֶם (Noun.mp.Abs+3mp of פשׁע H6588) — "and because of their transgressions"
  • לְכָל חַטֹּאתָם (Noun.fp.Abs+3mp of חטאת H2403) — "with respect to all their sins"
  • הַשֹּׁכֵן אִתָּם בְּתוֹךְ טֻמְאֹתָם — "the one dwelling with them in the midst of their uncleannesses"

Three-term sin taxonomy: tumot (uncleannesses) + pesha'im (transgressions) + chattat (sins)

Leviticus 16:19

  • וְטִהֲרוֹ (Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms+3ms of טהר H2891) — "and he shall cleanse it"
  • וְקִדְּשׁוֹ (Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms+3ms of קדשׁ H6942) — "and he shall sanctify/hallow it"
  • מִטֻּמְאֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל — "from the uncleannesses of the children of Israel"

BOTH axes of Lev 10:10 addressed: taher (clean/unclean axis) AND qadash (holy/common axis)

Leviticus 10:10

  • וּֽלֲהַבְדִּיל (Verb.Hiphil.InfCon of בדל) — "and to distinguish/separate"
  • בֵּין הַקֹּדֶשׁ וּבֵין הַחֹל — "between the holy and the common"
  • וּבֵין הַטָּמֵא וּבֵין הַטָּהוֹר — "and between the unclean and the clean"

Two axes explicitly stated: qodesh/chol (holy/common) + tame/tahor (unclean/clean)

Daniel 9:24

Six infinitive construct purposes: 1. לְכַלֵּא הַפֶּשַׁע — Piel.InfCon of כלה: "to bring to an end the transgression" 2. וּלְהָתֵם חַטָּאת — Hiphil.InfCon of תמם: "to seal up/complete sins" 3. וּלְכַפֵּר עָוֹן — Piel.InfCon of כפר: "to atone for iniquity" 4. וּלְהָבִיא צֶדֶק עֹלָמִים — Hiphil.InfCon of בוא: "to bring in everlasting righteousness" 5. וְלַחְתֹּם חָזוֹן וְנָבִיא — Qal.InfCon of חתם: "to seal vision and prophet" 6. וְלִמְשֹׁחַ קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים — Qal.InfCon of משׁח: "to anoint holy of holies"

First triad: remove sin (pesha, chattat, avon — same three DOA categories) Second triad: install positive realities (tsedeq olamim, sealed prophecy, anointed sanctuary) Bridge: #3 (kaphar, Piel) directly bridges to #4 (tsedeq). Same verse contains DOA vocabulary AND vindication vocabulary.

Daniel 12:3

  • וּמַצְדִּיקֵי (Verb.Hiphil.Ptcp.mp.Cst of צדק H6663) — "and they that cause-to-be-righteous / turn to righteousness"
  • הָרַבִּים — "the many"

Confirmed: Hiphil participle masculine plural construct. The maskilim "cause many to be righteous" — same root as nitsdaq in Dan 8:14 but different stem (Hiphil causative vs. Niphal passive).

Isaiah 53:11

  • יַצְדִּיק (Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms of צדק H6663) — "he shall justify / cause to be righteous"
  • צַדִּיק עַבְדִּי — "my righteous servant"
  • לָרַבִּים — "the many"
  • וַעֲוֹנֹתָם הוּא יִסְבֹּל — "and their iniquities he shall bear" (Qal.Impf.3ms of סבל)

Confirmed: Hiphil imperfect 3ms. The Servant both justifies many (tsadaq Hiphil) AND bears their iniquities (sabal). This fuses sin-bearing with forensic vindication.

Deuteronomy 25:1

  • כִּי יִהְיֶה רִיב — "when there is a controversy" (rib = legal dispute)
  • וְנִגְּשׁוּ אֶל הַמִּשְׁפָּט — "and they come to the judgment" (Niphal of nagash)
  • וּשְׁפָטוּם — "and they [the judges] shall judge them" (Qal.Perf.3p of shaphat)
  • וְהִצְדִּיקוּ אֶת הַצַּדִּיק — "and they shall justify/declare righteous the righteous" (Hiphil.Perf.3p of tsadaq)
  • וְהִרְשִׁיעוּ אֶת הָרָשָׁע — "and they shall condemn the wicked" (Hiphil.Perf.3p of rasha)

Confirmed: Courtroom context. Hiphil of tsadaq = "declare righteous" paired with Hiphil of rasha = "declare guilty." This is the classic forensic/judicial usage of the tsadaq family.