Raw Hebrew Parsing Output¶

Lev 16:4 — Garments (nominal clause: bigdei-qodesh hem)¶

כְּתֹֽנֶת־בַּ֨ד קֹ֜דֶשׁ יִלְבָּ֗שׁ וּמִֽכְנְסֵי־בַד֮ יִהְי֣וּ עַל־בְּשָׂרֹו֒ וּבְאַבְנֵ֥ט בַּד֙ יַחְגֹּ֔ר וּבְמִצְנֶ֥פֶת בַּ֖ד יִצְנֹ֑ף בִּגְדֵי־קֹ֣דֶשׁ הֵ֔ם וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֛יִם אֶת־בְּשָׂרֹ֖ו וּלְבֵשָֽׁם׃

Key parsing:
- kutonet (Noun.fs.Cst) bad (Noun.ms.Cst) qodesh (Noun.ms.Abs) = "tunic of linen of holiness"
- bad appears 4x as Noun.ms (linen)
- bigdei-qodesh hem = garments-of holiness they — NOMINAL CLAUSE (verbless)
- verachatz (Qal.Perf.3ms rachats) = "and he washed" (weqatal form)

Lev 16:14 — Blood Application (nazah Hiphil)¶

וְלָקַח֙ מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֔ר וְהִזָּ֧ה בְאֶצְבָּעֹ֛ו עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַכַּפֹּ֖רֶת קֵ֑דְמָה וְלִפְנֵ֣י הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶת יַזֶּ֧ה שֶֽׁבַע־פְּעָמִ֛ים מִן־הַדָּ֖ם בְּאֶצְבָּעֹֽו׃

Key parsing:
- hizzah (Hiphil.Perf.3ms nazah) = "and he sprinkled" — first application (once, on kapporeth)
- yazzeh (Hiphil.Impf.3ms nazah) = "he shall sprinkle" — seven times before kapporeth
- be'etsba'o (Noun.fs + 3ms suffix) = "with his finger" — both times
- al-penei hakkapporet qedmah = "upon the face of the mercy seat eastward"
- lifnei hakkapporet = "before the mercy seat" — seven times

Lev 16:16 — Three-Term Formula¶

וְכִפֶּ֣ר עַל־הַקֹּ֗דֶשׁ מִטֻּמְאֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמִפִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם לְכָל־חַטֹּאתָ֑ם

Key parsing:
- vekhipper (Piel.Perf.3ms kaphar) = "and he made atonement"
- mittumot (Prep.min + tumah Noun.fp.Cst) = "because of/from uncleannesses of"
- umipish'eihem (Prep.min + pesha Noun.mp.Abs + 3mp) = "and from their transgressions/rebellions"
- lekhol-chatto'tam (Prep.le + kol Noun.ms.Cst + chattat Noun.fp.Abs + 3mp) = "in-all their sins"

Three prepositions: min (from) ... umin (and from) ... le (in/to) = three-part formula
hasshokhen ittam betokh tumotam = "that dwells with them in the midst of their uncleannesses"

Lev 16:17 — Sanctuary Exclusion (WXYq construction)¶

וְכָל־אָדָ֞ם לֹא־יִהְיֶ֣ה׀ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מֹועֵ֗ד

Key parsing:
- vekhol-adam (Conj + kol Noun.ms.Cst + adam Noun.ms.Abs) = "and all mankind"
- lo yihyeh (Neg + hayah Qal.Impf.3ms) = "shall not be"
- be'ohel moed = "in the tent of meeting"

WXYq = W(conjunctive) + X(noun subject first) + Y(negative) + q(yiqtol verb)
This clause type is grammatically marked as distinctive.

Triple beneficiary: ba'ado (for himself) + ube'ad beito (for his household) + ube'ad kol-qehal yisrael (for all the congregation of Israel)

Lev 16:19-20 — Taher + Qadash, then Kalah¶

v.19: וְהִזָּ֨ה עָלָ֧יו מִן־הַדָּ֛ם בְּאֶצְבָּעֹ֖ו שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים וְטִהֲרֹ֣ו וְקִדְּשֹׁ֔ו מִטֻּמְאֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

- vetiharo (Piel.Perf.3ms + 3ms taher) = "and he cleansed it" — Piel factitive
- veqiddesho (Piel.Perf.3ms + 3ms qadash) = "and he hallowed/consecrated it" — Piel factitive

v.20: וְכִלָּה֙ מִכַּפֵּ֣ר אֶת־הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וְאֶת־אֹ֥הֶל מֹועֵ֖ד וְאֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְהִקְרִ֖יב אֶת־הַשָּׂעִ֥יר הֶחָֽי׃

- vekhillah (Piel.Perf.3ms kalah) = "and when he finished/completed" — Piel structural marker
- mikapper (Piel.InfCon kaphar) = "from atoning" — infinitive construct
- Object: et-haqqodesh ve'et-ohel moed ve'et-hammizbeach = "the holy place, the tent of meeting, and the altar" — three spatial zones
- vehiqriv (Hiphil.Perf.3ms qarav) = "and he brought near" — the live goat
- hassaiyr hechay = "the live he-goat"

Lev 16:21 — Scapegoat Verb Chain¶

וְסָמַ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י יָדָ֗יו עַ֨ל רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִיר֮ הַחַי֒ וְהִתְוַדָּ֣ה עָלָ֗יו אֶת־כָּל־עֲוֹנֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־כָּל־פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם לְכָל־חַטֹּאתָ֑ם וְנָתַ֤ן אֹתָם֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִ֔יר וְשִׁלַּ֛ח בְּיַד־אִ֥ישׁ עִתִּ֖י הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃

Verb chain:
1. vesamakh (Qal.Perf.3ms samak) = "and Aaron laid" — both hands
2. vehitvaddah (Hithpael.Perf.3ms yadah) = "and he confessed" — reflexive confession
3. venatan (Qal.Perf.3ms natan) = "and he placed" — putting sins on goat's head
4. veshillach (Piel.Perf.3ms shalach) = "and he sent away" — dismissal

Three-term formula in v.21:
- kol-avonot (all iniquities) — replaces tumot from v.16
- kol-pish'eihem (all their transgressions)
- lekhol-chatto'tam (in all their sins)

ish itti (Adj.ms itti) = "a fit/ready man" — hapax legomenon
hammidbarah = "toward the wilderness" — directional he suffix

Lev 16:30 — Purpose Statement (Three-Verb Chain)¶

כִּֽי־בַיֹּ֥ום הַזֶּ֛ה יְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם לְטַהֵ֣ר אֶתְכֶ֑ם מִכֹּל֙ חַטֹּ֣אתֵיכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה תִּטְהָֽרוּ׃

Three verbs:
1. yekhapper (Piel.Impf.3ms kaphar) = "he shall make atonement" — means (atonement)
2. letaher (Piel.InfCon taher) = "to cleanse" — purpose (active cleansing)
3. titharu (Qal.Impf.2mp taher) = "you shall be clean" — result (state of cleanness)

Progression: Piel kaphar (act) → Piel taher (process) → Qal taher (achieved state)
lifnei YHWH = "before the LORD" — the standard of cleanliness

Lev 16:31 — Shabbat Shabbathon (nominal clause)¶

שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּתֹ֥ון הִיא֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֖ת עֹולָֽם׃

- shabbat (Noun.s.Cst) shabbathon (Noun.ms.Abs) = "sabbath of sabbath-rest" — superlative construct
- hi (PersPron.3fs) = "she/it" — NOMINAL CLAUSE (verbless, matching v.4's hem)
- veinnitem (Piel.Perf.2mp anah) = "and you shall afflict" — Piel intensive
- et-nafshoteikhem (nephesh Noun.fp + 2mp) = "your souls"
- chuqqat olam = "statute of eternity" — perpetual

Lev 23:27 — DOA in Festival Calendar¶

Key: veinnitem (Piel.Perf.2mp anah) = "and you shall afflict" — same Piel as Lev 16:31
yom hakkippurim hu (day of-the-atonements he) = nominal clause naming the day

Lev 23:29 — Penalty Clause (Pual + Niphal)¶

כִּ֤י כָל־הַנֶּ֨פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־תְעֻנֶּ֔ה בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיֹּ֣ום הַזֶּ֑ה וְנִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ׃

Key:
- lo te'unneh (Pual.Impf.3fs anah) = "shall not be afflicted" — PASSIVE
- venikhretah (Niphal.Perf.3fs karath) = "and she shall be cut off" — PASSIVE (divine)
- me'ammeha = "from her peoples"

Both verbs are PASSIVE — the soul is not the agent but the patient. The Pual of anah implies the affliction is something that should happen TO the soul (perhaps by divine work or communal participation), not merely something the soul does to itself.

Lev 23:32 — Timing Clause¶

veinnitem (Piel.Perf.2mp anah) = "and you shall afflict" — active command (back to Piel)
betish'ah lachodesh = "on the ninth of the month"
me'erev ad-erev = "from evening unto evening" — defines the sabbath boundary
tishbetu shabbatekhem = "you shall cease your sabbath" (Qal.Impf.2mp shabat)

Exo 34:7 — Three Sin Terms¶

nose avon vapesha vechattat

- nose (Qal.Ptcp.ms nasa) = "bearing/forgiving" — participle (ongoing divine characteristic)
- avon (Noun.ms.Abs) = "iniquity"
- vapesha (Conj + pesha Noun.ms.Abs) = "and transgression/rebellion"
- vechattat (Conj + chattaah Noun.fs.Abs) = "and sin"

Same three terms as Lev 16:21 (avonot, pish'eihem, chatto'tam) — showing the DOA formula mirrors the divine self-revelation.