Word Studies

From Word Studies Library

cheirographon — G5498

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5498-cheirographon.md - Hapax legomenon — only Col 2:14 in the entire NT - Compound of cheir (G5495, "hand") + grapho (G1125, "to write") - Literally: "something hand-written" — a handwritten document - In Greek legal usage: a signed note of indebtedness (chirograph) - The three actions applied: exaleipsas ("blotting out"), ērken ek tou mesou ("taken out of the way"), prosēlōsas ("nailing") - Key distinction: The Decalogue was "written with the finger of God" (Exo 31:18), NOT by human hand. The cheirographon by definition is hand-written. These are different documents. - The qualifying phrase tois dogmasin (G1378) specifies the content as ordinances/decrees

dogma — G1378

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1378-dogma.md - 5 NT occurrences: Luke 2:1 (Caesar's decree), Acts 16:4 (Jerusalem Council decisions), Acts 17:7 (Caesar's decrees), Eph 2:15 (ordinances abolished), Col 2:14 (ordinances nailed) - NEVER used for the Decalogue or the moral law in any NT passage - In Col 2:14 and Eph 2:15: specifies ceremonial regulations as what was abolished - The consistent usage pattern: civil decrees or ceremonial regulations

dogmatizo — G1379

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1379-dogmatizo.md - Hapax — only Col 2:20 - Verbal form of dogma: "to be subject to ordinances" - Same root connects v.14 (dogmasin) to v.20 (dogmatizesthe) — forming a vocabulary chain within the passage

skia — G4639

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4639-skia.md - 7 NT occurrences total - 3 theological uses (shadow of spiritual reality): Col 2:17, Heb 8:5, Heb 10:1 - ALL three theological uses apply exclusively to the ceremonial system - No NT passage calls the Decalogue, the weekly Sabbath, or any moral law element a "shadow" - Contrasted with soma (body/substance) in Col 2:17, and with eikōn (image/reality) in Heb 10:1

soma — G4983

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4983-soma.md - 122 unique NT verses, 146 tokens - Primary meaning: physical body (95% of occurrences) - In Col 2:17: used metaphorically as "substance/reality" in contrast to skia (shadow) - The phrase "to de soma tou Christou" = "but the body/substance belongs to Christ" - This is the only place where soma clearly means "substance" vs. "shadow" in a typological context

typos — G5179

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5179-typos.md - In Heb 8:5: "the pattern (typon) shewed to thee in the mount" - Moses saw the heavenly original and built the earthly copy according to it - The type (earthly) is patterned after the antitype (heavenly original)

antitypon — G499

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G499-antitypon.md - In Heb 9:24: the earthly holy places are "antitypa of the true" (heavenly) - The earthly is the figure/copy; the heavenly is the "true" (alethinos) - This confirms: the heavenly sanctuary is the ORIGINAL, not a derivative of the earthly

mello — G3195

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3195-mello.md - In Col 2:17: "ton mellonton" = "of the things coming/about to be" - Present active participle, Gen Pl N — describes things that are in the process of coming - Also in Heb 10:1: "mellontōn agathōn" = "good things to come" - The shadow pointed to realities that were still COMING — not just the cross event but the entire fulfillment in Christ's ministry

katharizo — G2511

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2511-katharizo.md - In Heb 9:23: katharizesthai (Present Passive Infinitive) = "to be purified" - LXX equivalent of Hebrew taher (H2891), the standard Levitical purification verb - Used in Lev 16:19,30 (LXX) for the DOA cleansing - The author of Hebrews deliberately uses Levitical purification vocabulary for the heavenly action

katargeo — G2673

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2673-katargeo.md - In Eph 2:15: katargesas = "having abolished" the law of commandments in ordinances - In Rom 3:31: katargoumen = "do we make void the law?" — emphatic denial (me genoito) - Same author, same verb: abolishes dogma-qualified ordinances while denying he abolishes the law

WG-shadow Word Group

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-shadow.md - The shadow word group: skia (shadow), typos (type/pattern), antitypon (antitype/figure), hupodeigma (copy/example), parabolē (figure) - Theological progression: shadow → image → reality - The shadow is preliminary; the substance is permanent. Abolishing the shadow confirms that the substance has arrived.

WG-law Word Group

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-law.md - Key distinction: dogma (ceremonial decrees) vs. entolē (commandments) vs. nomos (law in general) - Dogma is NEVER used for the Decalogue; entolē is used for both categories depending on context - Paul's vocabulary is consistent: dogma-qualified law is abolished; entolē theou (commandments of God) continues

Fresh Lookups (no library entry)

hypenantios — G5227

Source: Fresh lookup (search_strongs.py) - 2 NT occurrences: Col 2:14, Heb 10:27 - Adjective: "contrary, opposed, adverse" - In Col 2:14: describes the cheirographon as "contrary to us" (hypenantios hēmin) - In Heb 10:27: "which shall devour the adversaries" (tous hypenantious) - LXX background: Isa 26:11 — the fire of God's adversaries - Significance: The cheirographon is described as actively hostile — "against us" (kath' hēmōn) AND "contrary to us" (hypenantios). The moral law is called "holy, just, and good" (Rom 7:12) — never "against" or "contrary to" believers.

exaleipho — G1813

Source: Fresh lookup (search_strongs.py) - 5-6 NT occurrences: Acts 3:19, Col 2:14, Rev 3:5, Rev 7:17, Rev 21:4 - Verb: "to smear out, obliterate, erase, wipe away" - In Col 2:14: Aorist Active Participle — "having blotted out" (completed action) - In Acts 3:19: "that your sins may be blotted out" — same verb for sin-erasure - In Rev 3:5: "I will not blot out his name out of the book of life" - In Rev 7:17; 21:4: "God shall wipe away all tears" - LXX background: Psa 51:1,9 (blot out transgressions); Isa 43:25 ("I, even I, am he that blotteth out thy transgressions") - The verb consistently describes the permanent erasure of a written record — whether sins (Acts 3:19), names (Rev 3:5), or the cheirographon (Col 2:14)

proseloo — G4338

Source: Fresh lookup (search_strongs.py) - Hapax legomenon — only Col 2:14 - Verb: "to peg to, spike fast, nail" - From pros (G4314, "toward") + hēlos (a nail) - Aorist Active Participle: "having nailed" — completed action - The imagery: a Roman legal practice — a cancelled debt or decree was nailed up publicly to signal its annulment. Christ nailed the cheirographon to the cross, publicly cancelling the debt document.

anankē — G318

Source: Fresh lookup (context from Heb 9:23 parsing) - In Heb 9:23: Nom Sg F — "Necessity" (subject of the sentence) - The word opens the verse emphatically: "It was NECESSARY" (anankē oun) - The logical chain: because blood is required for remission (v.22), THEREFORE the heavenly things necessarily require purification with better sacrifices - This makes the heavenly purification non-optional — it follows by logical necessity from the type/antitype relationship

hupodeigma — G5262

Source: Fresh lookup (from Heb 9:23 and 8:5) - In Heb 9:23: "the patterns (hupodeigmata) of things in the heavens" = the earthly copies - In Heb 8:5: "serve unto the example (hupodeigmati) and shadow of heavenly things" - Meaning: a representation, copy, or model — the earthly sanctuary is a hupodeigma of the heavenly

---

Word studies gathered: 2026-05-14