Word Studies¶

Library-First Evidence¶

All word-study and grammar-reference files listed in PROMPT.md were read before the fresh lookups below. Each section identifies its canonical source path.

H3722-kaphar.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3722-kaphar.md

H3722 — כָּפַר (kaphar)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H3722
Original: כָּפַר
Transliteration: kaphar
Pronunciation: kaw-far'
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Occurrences: 102 in OT
First Occurrence: Gen 6:14 — "rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to cover (specifically with bitumen); figuratively, to expiate or condone, to placate or cancel — appease, make (an atonement), cleanse, disannul, forgive, be merciful, pacify, pardon, purge (away), put off, (make) reconcile(-liation).

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
make atonement (various forms)	~73	72%
purge / be purged	8	8%
reconcile / reconciliation	7	7%
forgive / merciful / pardon	5	5%
appease / pacify	3	3%
cleanse	2	2%
pitch (cover)	1	1%
disannul	1	1%
put off	1	1%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Leviticus	67	7.8
Numbers	19	1.5
Exodus	10	0.8
Isaiah	8	0.6
Ezekiel	6	0.5
Deuteronomy	4	0.4
Psalms	3	0.1
1 Samuel	2	0.2
2 Chronicles	2	0.2
Genesis	2	0.1
Proverbs	2	0.2
Daniel	1	0.3
Nehemiah	1	0.2
1 Chronicles	1	0.1
2 Samuel	1	0.1
Jeremiah	1	0.1

Heavily concentrated in Leviticus (66% of all occurrences), with Numbers second. Together, the Pentateuchal ritual legislation accounts for 83%. Prophetic usage (Isaiah, Ezekiel, Jeremiah, Daniel) shifts toward divine forgiveness and eschatological purging. Absent from wisdom literature except Proverbs, and absent from the historical books except for cultic contexts (1–2 Chronicles).

Semantic Categories¶

1. Ritual Atonement Through Sacrifice (Piel — ~65 occurrences)¶

Lev 1:4 — "he shall put his hand upon the head of the burnt offering; and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for him"
Lev 4:20 — "the priest shall make an atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them"
Lev 16:16 — "he shall make an atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel"
Lev 17:11 — "I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul"

2. Purging / Removal of Sin (Pual — 7 occurrences)¶

Isa 6:7 — "thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged"
Isa 22:14 — "Surely this iniquity shall not be purged from you till ye die"
Isa 27:9 — "by this therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged"
Prov 16:6 — "By mercy and truth iniquity is purged"

3. Appeasement / Pacification¶

Gen 32:20 — "I will appease him with the present that goeth before me" (Jacob toward Esau)
Prov 16:14 — "The wrath of a king is as messengers of death: but a wise man will pacify it"
Ezek 16:63 — "when I am pacified toward thee for all that thou hast done"

4. Divine Forgiveness / Mercy¶

Ps 78:38 — "But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not"
Ps 79:9 — "Help us, O God of our salvation... and purge away our sins, for thy name's sake"
Deut 32:43 — "he will... be merciful unto his land, and to his people"

5. Intercessory / National Atonement¶

Exod 32:30 — "Ye have sinned a great sin: and now I will go up unto the LORD; peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin" (Moses)
Num 25:13 — "he was zealous for his God, and made an atonement for the children of Israel" (Phinehas)
Dan 9:24 — "Seventy weeks are determined... to make reconciliation for iniquity"

6. Physical Covering (Qal — 1 occurrence)¶

Gen 6:14 — "shalt pitch it within and without with pitch" (covering the ark with bitumen)

7. Annulment / Cancellation¶

Isa 28:18 — "your covenant with death shall be disannulled"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
חַטָּאָה (chattaah)	H2403	38x	sin offering as the means of atonement
כֹּהֵן (kohen)	H3548	27x	"the priest shall make atonement"
מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbeach)	H4196	17x	atonement performed at the altar
עֹלָה (olah)	H5930	17x	burnt offering paired with atonement
קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh)	H6944	16x	atonement for the holy place/sanctuary
דָּם (dam)	H1818	12x	"it is the blood that maketh atonement"
סָלַח (salach)	H5545	12x	atonement → forgiveness sequence
טָהֵר (taher)	H2891	12x	atonement → cleansing sequence
עָוֺן (avon)	H5771	10x	atonement for iniquity
אַהֲרוֹן (Aharon)	H175	9x	Aaron as the one who makes atonement
מִנְחָה (minchah)	H4503	9x	grain offering alongside atonement

The collocations reveal a tightly structured ritual pattern: the priest (kohen) makes atonement at the altar (mizbeach) using a sin offering (chattaah) or burnt offering (olah), involving blood (dam), for sin (chata) or iniquity (avon), resulting in forgiveness (salach) and cleansing (taher) of the holy place (qodesh).

Word Family / Cognates¶

H3724 כֹּפֶר (kopher) — masculine noun: cover, ransom, bribe, satisfaction price (17x)
H3725 כִּפֻּר (kippur) — masculine noun (only plural כִּפֻּרִים kippurim): expiation, atonement (8x); as in Yom Kippurim "Day of Atonement"
H3727 כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporeth) — feminine noun: mercy seat, atonement cover on the Ark (27x)

Synonyms¶

H4229 מָחָה (machah) — search_relationships.py returns machah as a near-neighbor in the wipe-away / remove field, fitting texts where guilt is blotted out.
H3249 סוּר (sur) — the same tool links kaphar with removal/turning-away vocabulary, especially where wrath or guilt is averted.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H3722.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
סָלַח (salach)	H5545	"forgive"	salach = pardon/release from offense (God as exclusive subject); kaphar = the act/means of expiation that leads to forgiveness
טָהֵר (taher)	H2891	"purge/cleanse"	taher = make ritually clean (state); kaphar = the atoning act that effects the cleansing
נָשָׂא (nasa)	H5375	"forgive"	nasa = lift away / bear guilt; kaphar = cover / expiate guilt through means
כָּסָה (kasah)	H3680	—	kasah = cover (general); kaphar = cover specifically in a ritual/expiatory sense

LXX Overlap¶

Both kaphar and salach map to G2433 ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai) "propitiate" in the LXX (salach 6x, kaphar 4x), showing the LXX translators saw overlap in their atoning/forgiving functions.

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Count	PMI	Notes
ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai) G2433	4	6.47	Highest PMI — closest semantic match: "propitiate, make atonement"
ἀφίημι (aphiemi) G863	14	5.55	"forgive, release" — when kaphar implies pardoning
καθαρίζω (katharizo) G2511	14	5.18	"cleanse, purify" — when kaphar implies purging

The LXX does not use a single Greek equivalent for kaphar, reflecting the word's semantic breadth. The highest PMI goes to hilaskomai (propitiation), but the most frequent direct translations are aphiemi (forgive) and katharizo (cleanse). Contextual co-occurring words in the LXX verses include περί (peri, "concerning"), ἁμαρτία (hamartia, "sin"), ἱερεύς (hiereus, "priest"), and θυσιαστήριον (thysiastērion, "altar").

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H5545-calach.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5545-calach.md

H5545 — סָלַח (salach)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H5545
Original: סָלַח
Transliteration: salach (çâlach)
Pronunciation: saw-lakh'
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Root: Primitive root; no derived etymology given
Occurrences: 45 unique verses (49 tokens) across 13 books
First Occurrence: Exo 34:9 — "And he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us; for it is a stiffnecked people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance."
Hapax Legomenon: No
Cognate Adjective: H5546 סַלָּח (sallach) — "ready to forgive" (Psa 86:5, Neh 9:17)

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to forgive: — forgive, pardon, spare.

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Stem	Count	Typical Meaning
Qal	33	forgive, pardon (active: God as subject, or prayer requesting forgiveness)
Niphal	13	be forgiven (passive: the offerer/sinner receives forgiveness)

Qal breakdown: Perfect 16×, Imperfect 10×, Imperative 4×, Infinitive Construct 3×, Participle 1× (Psa 103:3 "who forgiveth").

Niphal: All 13 occurrences are Perfect 3ms (nislach), exclusively in the Levitical sacrificial formulae (Lev 4–5, 6:7, 19:22, Num 15:25–28). The formulaic pattern is: "the priest shall make atonement (kaphar) for him... and it shall be forgiven (nislach) him."

Key observation: The Niphal passive occurs only in conjunction with sin offerings (chaṭṭaʾah) and trespass offerings (ʾasham) — never with burnt offerings (ʿolah), peace offerings (shelamim), or grain offerings (minchah). When Lev 5:10 mentions a burnt offering in the same verse, the forgiveness formula follows the sin offering portion, not the burnt offering.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
forgive / forgiven / forgiveth	30	66.7%
pardon / pardoned	13	28.9%
spare	1	2.2%
Other fragments	1	2.2%

The semantic range is narrow: virtually all occurrences mean "forgive" or "pardon." This is a single-sense verb.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Leviticus	10	1.16
2 Chronicles	6	0.73
Amos	1	0.68
Numbers	8	0.62
1 Kings	5	0.61
Lamentations	1	0.65
Jeremiah	6	0.44
Daniel	1	0.28
2 Kings	2	0.28
Exodus	1	0.08
Deuteronomy	1	0.10
Psalms	2	0.08
Isaiah	1	0.08

Patterns: Concentrated in Leviticus (sacrificial law) and 1 Kings / 2 Chronicles (Solomon's temple dedication prayer). Absent from the entire Pentateuchal narrative outside the law sections. Not used in wisdom literature except two Psalms. Prophetic usage clusters in Jeremiah.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Sacrificial Forgiveness Formula (Niphal passive — 13 verses)¶

The priest makes atonement (kaphar); forgiveness (nislach) follows as the result. - Lev 4:20 — "the priest shall make an atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them" - Lev 4:26 — "the priest shall make an atonement for him... and it shall be forgiven him" - Lev 5:10 — "the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin... and it shall be forgiven him" - Num 15:25 — "the priest shall make an atonement for all the congregation... and it shall be forgiven them"

2. Intercession / Prayer for Forgiveness (Qal imperative/petition — 12 verses)¶

Moses, Solomon, Daniel, or Amos petitions God to forgive. - Exo 34:9 — "pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance" - 1 Ki 8:34 — "Then hear thou in heaven, and forgive the sin of thy people Israel" - Dan 9:19 — "O Lord, hear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, hearken and do" - Amo 7:2 — "O Lord GOD, forgive, I beseech thee"

3. Divine Promise / Declaration of Forgiveness (Qal perfect/imperfect — 10 verses)¶

God announces that he has forgiven or will forgive. - Num 14:20 — "And the LORD said, I have pardoned according to thy word" - Jer 31:34 — "I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more" - Jer 33:8 — "I will cleanse them from all their iniquity... and I will pardon all their iniquities" - 2 Ch 7:14 — "then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land"

4. Conditional / Refused Forgiveness (Qal with negative — 5 verses)¶

God states conditions or explicitly refuses to forgive. - Deu 29:20 — "The LORD will not spare him, but then the anger of the LORD... shall smoke against that man" - 2 Ki 24:4 — "for the innocent blood that he shed... which the LORD would not pardon" - Jer 5:7 — "How shall I pardon thee for this? thy children have forsaken me" - Lam 3:42 — "We have transgressed and have rebelled: thou hast not pardoned"

5. General Divine Attribute / Habitual Action (Qal participle/infinitive — 3 verses)¶

Psa 103:3 — "Who forgiveth all thine iniquities; who healeth all thy diseases"
Isa 55:7 — "let him return unto the LORD, and he will have mercy upon him... for he will abundantly pardon"
Psa 25:11 — "For thy name's sake, O LORD, pardon mine iniquity; for it is great"

6. Husband Annulling Vows (Qal imperfect — 3 verses)¶

A unique non-sacrificial usage where YHWH forgives a woman whose husband annulled her vow. - Num 30:5 — "the LORD shall forgive her, because her father disallowed her" - Num 30:8 — "the LORD shall forgive her" - Num 30:12 — "the LORD shall forgive her"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭaʾah)	H2403	16× (36%)	"forgive the sin" / sin offering context
כָּפַר (kaphar)	H3722	12× (27%)	"the priest shall make atonement... and it shall be forgiven"
כֹּהֵן (kohen)	H3548	12× (27%)	Priest performs atonement that results in forgiveness
שָׁמַע (shamaʿ)	H8085	15× (33%)	"hear from heaven and forgive" (temple prayer formula)
שָׁמַיִם (shamayim)	H8064	11× (24%)	"hear thou from heaven... and forgive"
עַם (ʿam)	H5971	13× (29%)	"forgive the sin of thy people"
עָוֺן (ʿavon)	H5771	8× (18%)	"pardon our iniquity"
חָטָא (chaṭaʾ)	H2398	9× (20%)	"sinned... forgive"
יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel)	H3478	9× (20%)	"forgive thy people Israel"

Synonyms¶

H5375 נָשָׂא (nasaʾ) — "lift, carry, take away" — used for forgiveness in the sense of "bearing away" guilt (Exo 34:7, Psa 32:1 "whose transgression is forgiven [nasa]"); broader semantic range than salach
H3722 כָּפַר (kaphar) — "cover, make atonement" — the ritual act that produces the result expressed by salach; kaphar is the means, salach is the outcome

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
נָשָׂא (nasaʾ)	H5375	"forgive," "pardon"	nasaʾ = broad verb ("lift/carry/bear") used metaphorically for forgiveness; salach = dedicated forgiveness verb, always God-exclusive
כָּפַר (kaphar)	H3722	"forgive" (1×)	kaphar = ritual covering/atonement; salach = the forgiveness that results from atonement
ἀφίημι (aphiemi)	G863	"forgive" (12×)	Greek NT equivalent; broader range ("send away, leave, permit"); closest functional parallel to salach in NT usage

Semantic Domain¶

[002003003015] Innocent — Other words in domain include H935 boʾ, H1252/1253 bor, H1305 barar.

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
ἵλεως (hileōs) G2436	18	25.04	Primary — "gracious, merciful"; propitiation sense
ἀφίημι (aphiemi) G863	14	17.86	Secondary — "send away, forgive"; broad NT forgiveness verb
ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai) G2433	6	15.77	"propitiate, be merciful"; cultic/propitiation contexts

The LXX translators chose ἵλεως (hileōs) as the primary rendering, emphasizing divine graciousness/mercy rather than the "sending away" (aphiemi) metaphor. The hilask- word family (G2433, G2434, G2435) appears in contexts where the Hebrew sacrificial formula is in view.

H5375-nasa.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5375-nasa.md

H5375 — נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H5375
Original: נָשָׂא
Transliteration: nāśāʾ (nâsâʼ)
Pronunciation: naw-saw
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: Primitive root (alternate form נָסָה nāsāh occurs in Ps 4:6)
Occurrences: 607 unique verses (759 tokens) in 37 books
First Occurrence: Gen 4:13 — "My punishment [is] greater than I can bear"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative: — accept, advance, arise, (able to, armor-, suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring (forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease, exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further, give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable (man), lade, lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, needs, obtain, pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare, stir up, swear, take (away, up), utterly, wear, yield.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Semantic Cluster	Representative Translations	Verses	Est. %
Lift up / raise	lifted up, lift up, Lift up	~90	15%
Bear / carry	shall bear, to bear, bare, bearing	~80	13%
Take / take up	take, take up, took	~45	7%
Transport / bring	carry, brought, bringing	~25	4%
Forgive / pardon	forgive, pardon, forgiven, forgiving	~15	2.5%
Armor-bearer	his armourbearer, armourbearer	~13	2%
Accept / regard	accept, regard, respect	~12	2%
Exalt / magnify	exalted, extolled, magnified	~8	1%
Other	200+ unique KJV phrases	~319	53%

607 unique verses. Highly distributed due to the verb's broad semantic range.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Malachi	4	7.3
Micah	7	6.7
Habakkuk	3	5.4
Ezekiel	68	5.3
Haggai	2	5.3
Isaiah	57	4.4
Zechariah	9	4.3
Esther	7	4.2
Jonah	2	4.2
Numbers	44	3.4
1 Samuel	27	3.3
2 Samuel	23	3.3
Joshua	21	3.2
Lamentations	5	3.2
2 Kings	21	2.9
Genesis	42	2.7
Exodus	32	2.6
Leviticus	22	2.6
Psalms	43	1.7
Jeremiah	25	1.8
Proverbs	9	1.0

Ezekiel and Isaiah account for 125 of 607 uses (21%). High density in Micah/Malachi/Habakkuk suggests prophetic idiom for lament and divine exaltation.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Lifting the Eyes / Voice / Hand (Gestural Idioms)¶

The most common idiom is wayyiśśāʾ ... ʾet-ʿênāyw ("and he lifted up his eyes"), used for deliberate visual survey. Lifting the voice = weeping or crying aloud. Lifting the hand = swearing an oath. - Gen 13:14 — "Lift up now thine eyes, and look from the place where thou art" (territorial survey) - Gen 21:16 — "she lifted up her voice, and wept" (crying aloud) - Exo 6:8 — "I did swear (lit. I lifted my hand) to give it to Abraham" (oath-swearing) - Lam 3:41 — "Let us lift up our heart with our hands unto God in the heavens" (posture of prayer)

2. Physical Transport and Carrying¶

Bearing physical objects — the ark, burdens, provisions, bodies — by servants, Levites, and laborers. - Num 1:50 — "the Levites... shall bear the tabernacle" (Levitical carrying duty) - 1 Kgs 5:15 — "Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bare burdens" (labor force) - 2 Sam 2:32 — "they took up Asahel, and buried him" (carrying the dead) - Josh 3:6 — "Take up the ark of the covenant, and pass over before the people" (priestly command)

3. Bearing Consequences and Burdens (Moral/Legal)¶

Nāśāʾʾāwōn / nāśāʾ ḥēṭ — to "bear iniquity/sin" means to suffer the consequence or bear legal liability. The sinner bears his own guilt; alternatively, a substitute or God bears it away. - Gen 4:13 — "My punishment [is] greater than I can bear" (Cain bearing consequences) - Lev 5:1, 17 — "he shall bear his iniquity" (legal formula: liability falls on the sinner) - Isa 53:12 — "he bare the sin of many" (Servant bearing others' guilt — substitutionary) - Num 14:34 — "ye shall bear your iniquities, even forty years" (covenant penalty)

4. Forgiveness / Pardoning Sin¶

When God is the subject, nāśāʾ + ʿāwōn/peśaʿ/ḥaṭṭāʾ means to "lift off" guilt — to forgive, absolve, pardon. The same verb used for bearing sin is used for removing it. - Exo 10:17 — "forgive, I pray thee, my sin" (Pharaoh pleading) - Psa 32:5 — "thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin" (David's confession answered) - Mic 7:18 — "Who is a God like unto thee, that pardoneth iniquity?" (doxology) - Exo 34:7 — "forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin" (divine self-disclosure)

5. Exaltation and Honor¶

Niphal and Hithpael stems frequently describe being raised to honor or exalting oneself. The prophetic literature pairs nāśāʾ with rûm (H7311) for the "high and lofty" exaltation of God. - Isa 2:2 — "the mountain of the LORD'S house shall be established... exalted above the hills" - Isa 52:13 — "he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high" (Servant's vindication) - Ezek 1:19–21 — the living creatures and wheels "lifted up from the earth" (theophanic vision) - Est 3:1 — "Ahasuerus... advanced Haman" (royal promotion)

6. Taking a Census ("Lifting the Head")¶

A specialized idiom: nāśāʾ ʾet-rōʾš ("lift the head of") means to take a census, count, or muster. Used throughout Numbers. - Num 1:2 — "Take ye the sum (lit. lift the head) of all the congregation" - Num 1:49 — "thou shalt not number the tribe of Levi, neither take the sum" - Exo 30:12 — "when thou takest the sum of the children of Israel"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
פָּנִים (pânîym)	H6440	76x	"lift the face" = show favor; "lift up the face of" = accept/honor
עַיִן (ʻayin)	H5869	63x	"lift up the eyes" — surveying, beholding
עַם (ʻam)	H5971	62x	bearing the people's burden or addressing the community
יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrāʾēl)	H3478	57x	Israel's census, ark-bearing, covenant context
יָד (yâd)	H3027	48x	"lift the hand" = swearing, exerting power
מֶלֶךְ (melek)	H4428	48x	royal service, armor-bearing, tribute
נָתַן (nâthan)	H5414	49x	give + lift — combined actions

Word Family / Cognates¶

H5381 נָשַׂג (nāśag) — reach, attain (Strong's-adjacent; different root)
H4853 מַשָּׂא (maśśāʾ) — burden, oracle (derived noun from H5375: "that which is lifted/borne")
H5375 as denominative noun: נֹשֵׂא כֵלִים (nōśēʾ kēlîm) — "armor-bearer" (participle + H3627)

Synonyms¶

H1364 גָּבֹהַּ — high; elevation/exaltation neighbor.
H7311 רוּם — rise, be high, exalt; the closest parallel in the "lift up/exalt" sense.
H3680 כָּסָה — cover; overlaps with H5375 in the guilt-removal / forgiveness extension.
H5352 נָקָה — be clean, acquit; overlaps in the acquittal / guilt-clearing field.
H5545 סָלַח — forgive, pardon; explicit pardon parallel.
H5674 עָבַר — pass over; overlaps in removal / pardon idioms.
H6662 צַדִּיק — righteous, innocent; surfaced through the innocence/acquittal domain.
H1431 גָּדַל — grow, become great; exaltation field.
H6965 קוּם — arise, stand up; upward-motion neighbor.
H7287 רָדָה, H1993 הָמָה, H6670 צָהַל, H6681 צוּחַ, H7442 רָנַן — secondary neighbors surfaced by search_relationships.py from the wider action/speech/exaltation domains.

Antonyms¶

H8213 שָׁפֵל — be low, be abased; direct opposite of the exaltation sense.
H8217 שָׁפָל — low, humble; opposite of the lifted/high state.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
רוּם (rûwm)	H7311	"lift up," "exalted," "high"	rûwm = static height or divine majesty; nāśāʾ = the active process of lifting or carrying
סָבַל (çâbal)	H5445	"shall bear," "bear"	çâbal emphasizes the heaviness/suffering of the load (Isa 46:4, 7); nāśāʾ is semantically neutral
לָקַח (lâqach)	H3947	"take," "take up"	lâqach = acquisition/receiving; nāśāʾ = raising/carrying something already held
סָלַח (çâlach)	H5545	"forgive," "pardon"	çâlach is exclusively divine forgiveness; nāśāʾ covers both bearing guilt AND removing it

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occ	PMI Score	Notes
αἴρω (aírō)	G142	164x	24.47	Primary equivalent — "lift up, take away"
ἀναλαμβάνω (analambánō)	G353	45x	17.79	Take up, receive up — transport/ascension sense
ἐπαίρω (epaírō)	G1869	31x	14.95	Raise up (literally or figuratively)
ἀναβλέπω (anablépō)	G308	20x	14.64	Lo

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H2891-taher.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2891-taher.md

H2891 — טָהֵר (ṭâhêr)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H2891
Original: טָהֵר
Transliteration: ṭâhêr
Pronunciation: taw-hare'
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: Primitive root; properly "to be bright" → by implication "to be pure"
Occurrences: 94 (BLB) / 115 KJV translation instances across 80 unique verses
First Occurrence: Gen 35:2 — "be clean, and change your garments"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; properly, to be bright; i.e. (by implication) to be pure (physically sound, clear, unadulterated; Levitically, uncontaminated; morally, innocent or holy):—be (make, make self, pronounce) clean, cleanse (self), purge, purify(-ier, self).

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
cleanse/cleansed	40	35%
clean/be clean	35	30%
pronounce clean	10	9%
purify/purified	7	6%
purge/purged	5	4%
pure	2	2%
(other/auxiliary)	16	14%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Leviticus	53	6.2
Ezekiel	15	1.2
Numbers	11	0.9
2 Chronicles	8	1.0
Nehemiah	6	1.5
Job	5	0.5
2 Kings	4	0.6
Jeremiah	3	0.2
Psalms	2	0.1
Malachi	2	3.6
Joshua	2	0.3
Genesis	1	0.1
Ezra	1	0.4
Proverbs	1	0.1
Isaiah	1	0.1

Pattern: Heavily concentrated in Leviticus (46% of all occurrences), reflecting its role in the ceremonial purity system. Ezekiel is the second-highest book, using it primarily for eschatological/spiritual cleansing. Notably absent from Deuteronomy, the wisdom books (except Job/Proverbs), and the Minor Prophets (except Malachi).

Semantic Categories¶

1. Levitical Cleansing of Persons (Qal/Piel — priest-mediated)¶

Lev 13:6 — "the priest shall pronounce him clean: it is but a scab"
Lev 13:13 — "he shall pronounce him clean that hath the plague: it is all turned white: he is clean"
Lev 14:7 — "he shall sprinkle upon him that is to be cleansed from the leprosy seven times, and shall pronounce him clean"
Lev 15:13 — "when he that hath an issue is cleansed of his issue; then he shall number to himself seven days"

2. Purification After Bodily States (Qal — resulting state)¶

Lev 12:7 — "she shall be cleansed from the issue of her blood"
Lev 14:8 — "he that is to be cleansed shall wash his clothes... that he may be clean"
Lev 22:4 — "he shall not eat of the holy things, until he be clean"
Lev 22:7 — "when the sun is down, he shall be clean"

3. Ritual Purification of Objects and Sacred Spaces (Piel — active cleansing)¶

Lev 16:19 — "he shall sprinkle of the blood upon it... and cleanse it"
2 Chr 29:15-16 — "came... to cleanse the house of the LORD"
Neh 13:9 — "I commanded, and they cleansed the chambers"
Eze 43:26 — "Seven days shall they purge the altar and purify it"

4. Self-Purification in Preparation for Worship (Hithpael — reflexive)¶

Gen 35:2 — "be clean, and change your garments" (Jacob's household before Bethel)
Num 8:7 — Levites "make themselves clean"
Neh 12:30 — "the priests and the Levites purified themselves, and purified the people"
Isa 66:17 — "They that sanctify themselves, and purify themselves in the gardens"

5. Divine Spiritual Cleansing (Piel — God as agent, prophetic/eschatological)¶

Jer 33:8 — "I will cleanse them from all their iniquity"
Eze 36:25 — "Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness... will I cleanse you"
Eze 37:23 — "I will save them... and will cleanse them: so shall they be my people"
Mal 3:3 — "he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver"

6. Moral Purity as Human Question (Qal — wisdom/philosophical)¶

Job 4:17 — "shall a man be more pure than his maker?"
Pro 20:9 — "Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin?"
Eze 24:13 — "because I have purged thee, and thou wast not purged"
Jer 13:27 — "Woe unto thee, O Jerusalem! wilt thou not be made clean?"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
כֹּהֵן (kohen)	H3548	25x	"the priest shall pronounce him clean"
כָּבַס (kabas)	H3526	13x	"wash his clothes... and be clean"
בֶּגֶד (beged)	H899	13x	garments washed as part of purification
כָּפַר (kaphar)	H3722	12x	"make atonement... and he shall be clean"
מַיִם (mayim)	H4325	10x	water as instrument of cleansing
שֶׁבַע (sheba)	H7651	10x	"seven days/times" — temporal marker for purification periods
רָחַץ (rachats)	H7364	8x	"bathe his flesh in water, and be clean"
לֵוִיִּי (Leviy)	H3881	8x	Levites as agents of purification
חַטָּאָה (chattat)	H2403	7x	sin/sin offering paired with cleansing result

Word Family / Cognates¶

H2889 טָהוֹר (ṭâhôwr) — adjective: clean, pure (96x) — describes the state achieved by taher
H2893 טׇהֳרָה (ṭohŏrâh) — noun: purification, cleanness (13x) — the process or condition
H2892 טֹהַר (ṭôhar) — noun: purity, brightness (4x) — the quality itself

Synonyms¶

H2212 זקק — returned by search_relationships.py as a near-neighbor in the purification / refinement field.
H3526 כבס — another cleansing neighbor in the wash-and-purify field.
H3722 כפר — paired by the tool with atonement / purge language that often precedes restored cleanness.
H6942 קדשׁ — adjacent holiness / consecration vocabulary in the broader purity field.
H3835 לבן — whiten/brighten language that overlaps with purification imagery.
H6663 צדק — moral-rightness vocabulary surfaced alongside purity language.
H5545 סלח — forgiveness language returned as another restoration neighbor.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms returned by search_relationships.py for H2891.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ)	H2930	antonym — "be unclean"	tame = become impure; taher = become pure. Opposite ends of the purity spectrum
חָטָא (châṭâʼ)	H2398	"purify" (11x KJV)	chata primarily = "sin/miss"; Piel form = "purify from sin" (de-sin). Taher = restore purity status
נָקָה (nâqâh)	H5352	"be clean" (3x KJV)	naqah = be clean in a juridical sense (acquitted/guiltless). Taher = ritual/moral purity
זָכָה (zâkâh)	H2135	"be clean" (2x KJV)	zakah = be translucent/clear (moral innocence). Taher = broader: ritual + moral + physical
בָּרַר (bârar)	H1305	"purify" (1x), "purge" (2x)	barar = clarify/select/refine (metallurgical metaphor). Taher = ceremonial/religious purification
כָּפַר (kâphar)	H3722	"purge" (9x)	kaphar = cover/atone (deals with guilt). Taher = cleanse (deals with impurity). Often sequential: atonement → cleansing

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Count	Notes
καθαρίζω (katharizō) G2511	61x	Primary equivalent — "to cleanse"
καθαρός (katharos) G2513	23x	Adjective form used for stative Qal
πλύνω (plynō) G4150	13x	"wash" — used when physical washing is prominent
ἁγνίζω (hagnizō) G48	8x	"sanctify/purify" — when ritual purity is in view
λούω (louō) G3068	8x	"bathe" — when bodily washing is the action

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H2403-chattaah.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2403-chattaah.md

H2403 — חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H2403
Original: חַטָּאָה
Transliteration: chaṭṭâʼâh
Pronunciation: khat-taw-aw'
Part of Speech: Feminine noun
Root: חָטָא (châṭâʼ, H2398) — to miss (a mark), to sin
Occurrences: 270 unique verses (306 tokens) in 25 books
First Occurrence: Gen 4:7 — "sin lieth at the door"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From H2398; an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender:—punishment (of sin), purifying(-fication for sin), sin(-ner, offering).

Note: The word carries a dual semantic weight — both the act of sinning and the sacrificial remedy that addresses it. Context distinguishes which sense is in view.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
sin offering (various)	~117	~43%
sin / sins (various)	~113	~42%
my/his/their/your sin(s)	~64	~24%
punishment	2	0.7%
purifying/purification	2	0.7%
sinner	1	0.4%

The two dominant senses — moral offense and ritual sacrifice — each account for roughly equal portions of the total.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Leviticus	66	7.7
Micah	6	5.7
Numbers	42	3.3
Hosea	5	2.5
1 Kings	16	2.0
Ezekiel	24	1.9
2 Kings	14	1.9
Lamentations	3	1.9
Nehemiah	5	1.2
2 Chronicles	9	1.1
Jeremiah	13	1.0
Isaiah	12	0.9
Zechariah	2	0.9
Proverbs	7	0.8
1 Samuel	6	0.7
Exodus	9	0.7
Amos	1	0.7
Daniel	2	0.6
Job	5	0.5
Psalms	12	0.5
Deuteronomy	4	0.4
Ezra	1	0.4
Genesis	4	0.3
Joshua	1	0.2
2 Samuel	1	0.1

Concentrated in Leviticus (24% of all occurrences) and Numbers (15%) — the two books governing sacrificial law. The prophetic books (Ezekiel, Jeremiah, Isaiah, Kings, Micah, Hosea) account for the second cluster, where chattaah denotes Israel's ongoing moral failure leading to exile.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Sin as Personal Moral Offense¶

The earliest and most basic sense: a specific act of wrongdoing that places the offender in legal/moral jeopardy.

Gen 4:7 — "if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door" (sin personified, crouching like a predator)
Gen 18:20 — "the cry of Sodom... because their sin is very grievous"
Exo 32:30 — "Moses said unto the people, Ye have sinned a great sin; and now I will go up unto the LORD"
2 Sam 12:13 — "I have sinned against the LORD. And Nathan said... The LORD also hath put away thy sin"

2. Sin Offering (Ritual Sacrifice)¶

The technical cultic term for the offering prescribed to make atonement for sin. Chattaah here names both the category of sacrifice and specific ritual animals.

Exo 29:36 — "thou shalt offer every day a bullock for a sin offering for atonement"
Lev 4:3 — "If the priest that is anointed do sin... then let him bring for his sin... a young bullock without blemish for a sin offering"
Lev 4:29 — "he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering"
Lev 16:9,15 — "Aaron shall bring the goat... and offer him for a sin offering... he shall kill the goat of the sin offering that is for the people"

3. Corporate / National Sin¶

In the prophetic and historical books, chattaah names the accumulated moral debt of Israel and Judah — the spiritual cause behind national catastrophe and exile.

Hos 10:8 — "the high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed"
Mic 1:5 — "For the transgression of Jacob is all this, and for the sins of the house of Israel"
1 Ki 16:2 — kings are condemned for making Israel sin (the pattern formula throughout Kings)
Eze 18:20 — the soul that sinneth carries its own chattaah

4. Sin, Punishment, and Exile¶

The legal consequence attached to unaddressed sin — sometimes the word itself carries the sense of penalty or recompense.

Lev 26:18,21,24,28 — "I will punish you seven times more for your sins" (repeated four-fold in covenant curse section)
Lam 3:39 — man punished for his sins
Zec 14:19 — "this shall be the punishment of Egypt... of all nations that come not up"
Gen 50:17 — "Forgive... the trespass of thy brethren, and their sin"

5. Confession, Forgiveness, and Cleansing¶

Chattaah appears frequently in petitions for pardon and in divine declarations of forgiveness — showing the word belongs not only to the problem but to its resolution.

Exo 34:7 — God's self-disclosure: "forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin" (triad: avon + pesha + chattaah)
Exo 34:9 — Moses: "pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance"
Exo 32:32 — Moses: "if thou wilt forgive their sin—; and if not, blot me out of thy book"
Ps 51:2 — "Wash me throughly from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
עָשָׂה (asah)	H6213	57x	"do/commit a sin" or "offer a sin offering"
חָטָא (chata)	H2398	51x	root verb alongside the noun: "sinned a sin"
עֹלָה (olah)	H5930	47x	paired sacrifice: "sin offering and burnt offering"
עָוֺן (avon)	H5771	43x	the triad of sin terms: iniquity, transgression, sin
שָׂעִיר (sair)	H8163	41x	he-goat as sin offering animal
כָּפַר (kaphar)	H3722	38x	"make atonement" for the sin offering
כֹּהֵן (kohen)	H3548	30x	priest performing sin offering rites
עֵז (ez)	H5795	30x	goat (female) as sacrifice
פַּר (par)	H6499	26x	bull as sin offering animal
יְהֹוָה (YHWH)	H3068	76x	sin is always against YHWH specifically

Word Family / Cognates¶

H2398 חָטָא (châṭâʼ) — root verb: to miss (a target), to sin; also denominative "to offer a sin offering"
H2399 חֵטְא (chêṭᵉʼ) — concrete noun: a crime or its penalty (fault, grievous, sin)
H2401 חֲטָאָה (chăṭâʼâh) — alternate form: offence or sacrifice for it (rarer, 8 verses)
H2402 חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh) — Aramaic cognate (corresponds to H2403 in Aramaic sections)
H2408 חֲטִי (chăṭîy) — Aramaic: an offence (Dan)

Synonyms¶

H5771 עָוֺן (ʻâvôn) — iniquity/guilt; close moral-neighbor term, especially in confession and punishment passages.
H6588 פֶּשַׁע (peshaʻ) — transgression/rebellion; regularly paired with chaṭṭâʼâh in the major sin-confession triads.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms returned by search_relationships.py for H2403.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared KJV Translation	Key Difference
חֵטְא (chet)	H2399	"sin," "his sin"	More forensic/concrete: the criminal act or its penalty; chattaah has broader semantic range including the sacrifice
עָוֺן (avon)	H5771	"my sin" (occasional)	Avon = crooked inward moral nature/guilt; chattaah = the specific act and its sacrificial remedy
פֶּשַׁע (pesha)	H6588	"his sins," "sins"	Pesha = willful revolt/rebellion against authority; chattaah = missing the mark (may be unintentional)
אַשְׁמָה (ashmah)	H819	"sins"	Ashmah = guilt, guiltiness from a specific trespass; chattaah is the broader term

Note: Exo 34:7 and 34:9 deliberately pair chattaah + pesha + avon as a complete triad covering the full range of human sin — none is redundant.

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occ	PMI	Notes
ἁμαρτία (hamartia) G266	242	31.95	Overwhelming primary equivalent; preserves both offense and offering sense
ὁλοκαύτωμα (holokautoma) G3646	33	14.04	Burnt offering — LXX sometimes renders the sacrifice sense this way
ἁμάρτημα (hamartema) G265	11	13.98	Concrete sinful act; used when chattaah = a specific sin (not the offering)
ἁμαρτάνω (hamartano) G264	32	13.71	Verb "to sin" — LXX occasionally uses the verb where Hebrew has the noun
ἀνομία (anomia) G458	31	13.19	Lawlessness — used in prophetic contexts where chattaah = national covenant violation

The G266 ἁμαρτία bridge is exceptionally strong (PMI 31.95, 242 co-occurrences out of 270 verses). See also TR-chattaah-hamartia.md for the full cross-testament trace.

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H5799-azazel.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5799-azazel.md

H5799 — עֲזָאזֵל (azazel)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H5799
Original: עֲזָאזֵל
Transliteration: ʻăzâʼzêl
Pronunciation: az-aw-zale'
Part of Speech: Masculine noun
Root: From H5795 עֵז (ez, goat) + H235 אָזַל (azal, to go away / disappear) — "goat of departure"
Occurrences: 4 tokens in 3 verses (OT only; all in Lev 16)
First Occurrence: Lev 16:8 — "one lot for the LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat"
Hapax Legomenon: Near-hapax — 4 occurrences confined to a single chapter (Lev 16)

Lexicon Definition¶

From H5795 (עֵז, goat) and H235 (אָזַל, to go away, disappear); goat of departure; the scapegoat. KJV gloss: scapegoat.

BDB analysis: the compound form suggests complete removal or utter dismissal. The word functions as both a name for the ritual goat and as a description of its role — the goat designated for total removal of sin from the community.

Note: Modern translations (ESV, NASB, NIV) often transliterate as Azazel, treating it as a proper name — either a desert demon or a rugged cliff. The KJV and the LXX (ἀποπομπαῖος, one sent away) both treat it as a descriptive term for the ritual, not a personal name.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
scapegoat	3	100%

Note: The KJV renders all 3 verses as "scapegoat." All 4 tokens fall in the same chapter (Lev 16:8 ×2, 16:10, 16:26).

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Leviticus	3	0.3

Confined entirely to Lev 16 (the Day of Atonement chapter). No occurrences outside this chapter.

Semantic Categories¶

1. The Lot Designation — One of Two Fates¶

In the Day of Atonement ritual, Aaron casts lots to assign one goat to the LORD and the other to azazel. The two goats together represent a complete disposal of sin — one by blood, one by removal.

Lev 16:8 — "And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat."

2. The Living Goat Presented and Sent Away¶

The azazel-goat is not slaughtered. It is first presented alive before the LORD — entering the sacred ceremony — then sent into the wilderness. This distinguishes it from the sin-offering goat (Lev 16:9).

Lev 16:10 — "But the goat, on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat, shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make an atonement with him, and to let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness."

3. Ritual Defilement of the Handler¶

The man who releases the goat must undergo full purification before re-entering the camp. The goat bears the community's sins out, but the contact imparts ritual uncleanness to its handler.

Lev 16:26 — "And he that let go the goat for the scapegoat shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward come into the camp."

Common Collocations¶

With only 3 verses, statistical collocations are not meaningful. Key theologically significant co-occurring terms:

Word	Strong's	Co-vv	Typical Pattern
כָּפַר (kaphar)	H3722	1x	"to make an atonement with him" (Lev 16:10)
מִדְבָּר (midbar)	H4057	1x	"into the wilderness" — the goat's destination
חַי (chay)	H2416	1x	"presented alive before the LORD" (Lev 16:10)

Word Family / Cognates¶

H5795 עֵז (ez) — she-goat; first root component (74 OT occurrences); connects azazel to all goat vocabulary in Levitical law
H235 אָזַל (azal) — to go away, disappear; second root component (6 OT occurrences: Deut 32:36; 1 Sam 9:7; Job 14:11; Prov 20:14; Jer 2:36; Ezek 27:19)

H5375 נָשָׂא (nasa) — to bear, carry; Lev 16:22 uses nasa for the goat "bearing" the iniquities away — the function of the azazel-goat described in the same chapter
H3722 כָּפַר (kaphar) — to make atonement; the ritual purpose stated in Lev 16:10 alongside azazel
H3725 כִּפֻּר (kippur) — atonement; Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) is the occasion for this entire ritual
H3727 כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporeth) — mercy seat; the other focal object of the Lev 16 Day of Atonement ceremony

Synonyms¶

No direct synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H5799.

Antonyms¶

H3068 יְהוָה (YHWH) — returned by search_relationships.py from the ritual opposition in Lev 16:8, where one lot is "for the LORD" and the other "for azazel"; this is a liturgical contrast, not a broad lexical antonym.

Semantic Domains¶

UBS / Relationship Domains¶

[003001012] Names of Supernatural Beings — the relationship tool groups ʻăzâʼzêl with proper-name readings alongside H1403, H4317, and H7854, reflecting later/name-based interpretation rather than the KJV's descriptive "scapegoat" rendering.

LXX Mapping¶

The LXX does not transliterate azazel. Instead it renders it ἀποπομπαῖος (apopompaios, "one sent away / the sent-away one"), a word used only in Lev 16. This Greek term does not appear elsewhere in the LXX or NT, providing no cross-testament trace.

Tool output (search_strongs.py --lxx-map) returned only sentence-level particles (καί, ὁ), confirming the word has no reusable Greek semantic equivalent in the LXX corpus.

H8210-shaphak.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H8210-shaphak.md

H8210 — שָׁפַךְ (shâphak)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H8210
Original: שָׁפַךְ
Transliteration: shâphak
Pronunciation: shaw-fak'
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Occurrences: 111 unique verses (124 tokens) across 24 books
First Occurrence: Gen 9:6 — "Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal; or even a solid, i.e. to mound up); also (figuratively) to expend (life, soul, complaint, money, etc.); intensively, to sprawl out: — cast (up), gush out, pour (out), shed(-der, out), slip.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Unique Verses	%
shed / sheddeth / shedder / is shed / be shed / to shed	~30	27%
pour out / pour / shall pour out / poured out / is poured out / was poured out	~60	54%
cast (up) / and cast / and cast up / by casting up / and they cast up	~8	7%
gushed out	1	1%
slipped	1	1%
Other compound/fragment renderings	~11	10%

Dominant gloss pairs: pour out (blood, wrath, spirit, heart, water) and shed (blood — always violent/judicial).

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Lamentations	7	4.5
Joel	3	4.1
Zephaniah	2	3.8
Ezekiel	32	2.5
Amos	2	1.4
Leviticus	8	0.9
Deuteronomy	6	0.6
1 Kings	4	0.5
Psalms	12	0.5
Jeremiah	7	0.5
Hosea	1	0.5
Zechariah	1	0.5
2 Kings	3	0.4
1 Samuel	3	0.4
2 Samuel	2	0.3
Isaiah	4	0.3
Job	3	0.3
Daniel	1	0.3
Exodus	2	0.2
Judges	1	0.2
1 Chronicles	2	0.2
Proverbs	2	0.2
Genesis	2	0.1
Numbers	1	0.1

Heavily concentrated in the prophets of judgment (Ezekiel 32x alone — nearly 30% of all uses). Exilic and oracular literature (Lamentations, Joel, Zephaniah, Ezekiel) shows the densest figurative use; legal texts (Leviticus, Deuteronomy) use it cultically for blood at the altar.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Shedding Blood (violent or judicial)¶

Gen 9:6 — "Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed."
Num 35:33 — "blood it defileth the land... it cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed."
2 Kings 21:16 — "Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, till he had filled Jerusalem."
Prov 6:17 — "hands that shed innocent blood."

2. Pouring Blood at the Altar (cultic)¶

Exo 29:12 — "thou shalt pour all the blood beside the bottom of the altar."
Lev 4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34 — priest "shall pour" the rest of the bullock's blood at the altar base.
Deu 12:27 — "the blood of thy sacrifices shall be poured out upon the altar."

3. Pouring Out Divine Wrath / Fury / Indignation¶

Eze 7:8 — "Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee, and accomplish mine anger."
Eze 22:22 — "I the LORD have poured out my fury upon you."
Jer 6:11 — "I will pour it out upon the children abroad."
Hos 5:10 — "I will pour out my wrath upon them like water."
Lam 2:4 — "he poured out his fury like fire."
Zep 3:8 — "to pour upon them mine indignation, even all my fierce anger."

4. Pouring Out the Spirit (eschatological promise)¶

Joel 2:28 — "I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh."
Joel 2:29 — "upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit."
Ezk 39:29 — "I have poured out my spirit upon the house of Israel."
Zec 12:10 — "I will pour upon the house of David... the spirit of grace and of supplications."

5. Pouring Out the Soul / Heart / Complaint (inner expression)¶

1 Sam 1:15 — "I... have poured out my soul before the LORD."
Psa 42:4 — "I pour out my soul in me."
Psa 62:8 — "pour out your heart before him."
Psa 102:1 — title — "poureth out his complaint before the LORD."
Lam 2:19 — "pour out thine heart like water before the face of the Lord."

6. Pouring Water or Libation¶

Exo 4:9 — "the water... shall become blood upon the dry land."
1 Sam 7:6 — "drew water, and poured it out before the LORD."
Deu 12:16, 24; 15:23 — "ye shall pour it upon the earth as water."

7. Casting Up a Mound / Siege-Ramp (military)¶

2 Sam 20:15 — "they cast up a bank against the city."
2 Kings 19:32 / Isa 37:33 — "nor cast a bank against it."
Jer 6:6 — "cast a mount against Jerusalem."
Eze 4:2; 17:17; 21:22; 26:8 — siege-mound idiom.
Dan 11:15 — "the king of the north shall come, and cast up a mount."

8. Figurative Extensions (contempt, gall, tears, life)¶

Job 12:21 — "He poureth contempt upon princes."
Job 16:13 — "he poureth out my gall upon the ground."
Job 30:16 — "now my soul is poured out upon me" (Hithpael).
Lam 2:11 — "my liver is poured upon the earth" (Niphal).

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
עַל (ʻal) — upon	H5921	64x (58%)	"pour out upon" — directional target
דָּם (dâm) — blood	H1818	50x (45%)	"shed blood" / "pour out blood" — dominant object
יְהֹוָה (YHWH)	H3068	25x (23%)	the subject or addressee of the pouring
אֶרֶץ (ʼerets) — earth/land	H776	21x (19%)	"pour upon the earth" / "blood defiles the land"
חֵמָה (chêmâh) — fury, wrath	H2534	18x (16%)	"pour out my fury" — idiom for judgment
נָתַן (nâthan) — give/put	H5414	17x (15%)	parallel action verb in judgment oracles
פָּנִים (pânîym) — face	H6440	15x (14%)	"before the face of the LORD" — for soul/heart
מַיִם (mayim) — water	H4325	11x (10%)	"pour out like water" — simile of volume
נָקִי (nâqîy) — innocent	H5355	10x (9%)	"shed innocent blood" — specific indictment

Word Family / Cognates¶

H8211 שֶׁפֶךְ (shephek) — a pouring-out / rubbish-heap (of ashes) — related noun (Lev 4:12).
H8212 שׇׁפְכָה (shophkah) — male organ (euphemism from "outflow").

Synonyms¶

No direct synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H8210.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H8210.

Easily Confused Words (KJV + LXX overlap)¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
יָצַק (yâtsaq)	H3332	"pour out" / "poured out" / "cast"	yatsaq = controlled pouring (casting metal, anointing oil, measured libation); shaphak = unrestrained outpouring, often violent/judicial
נָתַךְ (nâthak)	H5413	"shall be poured out"	nathak = to flow down, melt, be poured down (often of molten metal or divine wrath melting); shaphak = to spill forth horizontally, target-directed
שָׁלַךְ (shâlak)	H7993	"cast" / "and cast"	shalak = to throw out/down/away (objects, persons); shaphak = to pour (liquid or mound material)
נָבַע (nâbaʻ)	H5042	"pour out" (of words)	naba = to gush/bubble forth (of speech from within); shaphak = to spill outward, directed onto something
זָרַם (zâram)	H2229	"poured out"	zaram = to gush as flood-water (natural force); shaphak = volitional pouring, agentive

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occ	PMI	Score	Notes
ἐκχέω (ekchéō) G1632	99	7.46	34.35	Dominant equivalent — used in ~89% of LXX renderings; carries all senses (blood, wrath, spirit) into NT (Acts 2:17-18, 33; Rom 5:5; Rev 16)
αἷμα (haîma) G129	48	5.11	19.91	Co-occurs as object "blood" rather than as translation of the verb
θυμός (thymós) G2372	21	4.21	13.01	Co-occurs as object "fury/wrath" in judgment oracles
ὀργή (orgḗ) G3709	10	3.23	7.76	Co-occurs as object "wrath"
ἄθωος (áthōos) G121	7	5.06	10.51	Co-occurs as adjective "innocent" (blood)
χάραξ (chárax) G5482	4	6.35	10.22	"Siege mound" rendering — for the military sense

The ἐκχέω bridge is strong and carries the full theological range of shaphak into the Greek Bible, including the Pentecost citation of Joel 2:28-29.

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H5137-nazah.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5137-nazah.md

H5137 — נָזָה (nâzâh)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H5137
Original: נָזָה
Transliteration: nâzâh
Pronunciation: naw-zaw'
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: Primitive root
Occurrences: 22 unique verses (28 tokens) in 5 books
First Occurrence: Exo 29:21 — "And thou shalt take of the blood that is upon the altar, and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it upon Aaron…"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to spirt, i.e. besprinkle (especially in expiation): — sprinkle.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

All KJV renderings are variants of "sprinkle." Because the word appears in different syntactic contexts, the concordance fragments the count across phrase forms:

Translation	Verses	%
and sprinkle	8	36%
And he shall sprinkle	3	14%
shall sprinkle / shall he sprinkle	4	18%
he sprinkled / was sprinkled / sprinkled	3	14%
Sprinkle (imperative)	1	5%
that he that sprinkleth	1	5%
Other variants	2	9%

Functionally 100% of KJV occurrences render this word as "sprinkle."

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Leviticus	13	1.5
Numbers	5	0.4
Isaiah	2	0.2
Exodus	1	0.1
2 Kings	1	0.1

Overwhelmingly a Levitical word. Thirteen of its twenty-two occurrences are in Leviticus, where it is the precise technical term for finger-sprinkling blood in sin-offering and Day of Atonement rites.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Priestly Blood Sprinkling — Atonement / Expiation¶

The dominant use: a priest dips his finger in sacrificial blood and sprinkles it toward the sacred furniture.

Lev 16:14 — "And he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it with his finger upon the mercy seat eastward; and before the mercy seat shall he sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven times."
Lev 16:15 — "Then shall he kill the goat…and bring his blood within the veil…and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat."
Lev 16:19 — "And he shall sprinkle of the blood upon it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel."
Lev 5:9 — "And he shall sprinkle of the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar."

2. Purification Rites — Leprosy and Ritual Uncleanness¶

Sprinkling effects the transition from unclean to clean status.

Lev 14:7 — "And he shall sprinkle upon him that is to be cleansed from the leprosy seven times, and shall pronounce him clean."
Lev 14:51 — "And he shall take the cedar wood…and dip them in the blood of the slain bird…and sprinkle the house seven times."
Num 19:19 — "And the clean person shall sprinkle upon the unclean on the third day, and on the seventh day."
Num 8:7 — "And thus shalt thou do unto them, to cleanse them: Sprinkle water of purifying upon them."

3. Consecration and Ordination¶

Sprinkling is also the means of setting apart priests and sacred objects for service.

Exo 29:21 — "And thou shalt take of the blood that is upon the altar, and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it upon Aaron, and upon his garments."
Lev 8:11 — "And he sprinkled thereof upon the altar seven times, and anointed the altar and all his vessels."
Lev 8:30 — "And Moses took of the anointing oil, and of the blood which was upon the altar, and sprinkled it upon Aaron, and upon his garments."

4. Natural / Violent Spattering (Qal)¶

Outside the sanctuary the Qal describes blood or liquid that spatters involuntarily — neither priestly nor ceremonial.

2 Ki 9:33 — "And some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot."
Isa 63:3 — "For I will tread them in mine anger…and their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments."

5. Prophetic / Messianic — The Servant Sprinkling Many Nations¶

The only use outside the legal-historical literature; employs the Hiphil of H5137.

Isa 52:15 — "So shall he sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouths at him."

Note: The LXX renders this verse θαυμάσονται ("they will marvel"), departing from the MT. Modern translations and the NT's use of Isa 52–53 (e.g., Rom 15:21) follow the MT. If "sprinkle" is read, it evokes priestly sprinkling for expiation on a cosmic scale, applied to the Servant's atoning work.

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
דָּם (dam)	H1818	12x (55%)	"sprinkle the blood" — blood is the primary substance sprinkled
שֶׁבַע (shebaʻ) + פַּעַם (paʻam)	H7651 + H6471	10x (45%)	"sprinkle seven times" — the prescribed ritual repetition
אֶצְבַּע (etsba)	H676	7x (32%)	"with his finger" — distinguishes this fine sprinkling from zaraq
בֶּגֶד (beged)	H899	7x (32%)	"upon the garments" — garments splattered or consecrated
טָבַל (tabal)	H2881	5x (23%)	"dip and sprinkle" — dipping precedes sprinkling
כֹּהֵן (kohen)	H3548	5x (23%)	"the priest shall sprinkle" — exclusive priestly action in ritual
מַיִם (mayim)	H4325	5x (23%)	"water of purifying" — water sprinkled for impurity rites
קָדַשׁ (qadash)	H6942	5x (23%)	"cleanse and sanctify/hallow" — sprinkling accomplishes holiness
טָהֵר (taher)	H2891	4x (18%)	"and cleanse it" — sprinkling results in ceremonial cleanness
מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbeach)	H4196	4x (18%)	"upon the altar" — target of consecration/atonement sprinkling
שֶׁמֶן (shemen)	H8081	4x (18%)	"anointing oil" — oil sprinkled alongside blood in ordination

Word Family / Cognates¶

H5137 is a primitive root with no sibling verbs in the same root family in BH. The noun נֵזֶר (nezer, H5145 — "crown, dedication") is consonantally similar but from a different root.

Synonyms¶

No synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H5137.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H5137.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
זָרַק (zaraq)	H2236	both "sprinkle" in KJV	zaraq = toss/dash/throw (forceful), blood dashed against the base or sides of the altar; nazah = delicate, fine sprinkling with a finger or hyssop. Zaraq is stronger in action; nazah is more controlled and targeted.

The KJV conflates both with "sprinkle." The distinction is visible in Lev 1:5 (zaraq — throw blood against the altar) vs. Lev 4:6 (nazah — dip finger and sprinkle seven times before the LORD). The NT uses ῥαντίζω (G4473) to echo nazah's fine sprinkling in Heb 9:19, 21; 10:22.

LXX Mapping¶

The gather_word_data.py LXX mapping outputs PMI-weighted co-occurrence with Greek vocabulary in LXX verses, not direct word-for-word translation equivalents. Top contextual associations reflect the ritual setting:

Greek Co-word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Significance
ἑπτάκις (seven times)	G2034	10x	The "seven times" sprinkling pattern
αἷμα (blood)	G129	13x	Blood is the primary substance sprinkled
δάκτυλος (finger)	G1147	6x	Sprinkling performed with the finger
βάπτω (dip)	G911	5x	Dipping precedes the sprinkle action

The direct Greek translation of H5137 in the LXX is ῥαντίζω (G4473) in most occurrences. Isa 52:15 is the notable exception, where the LXX translators render the Hiphil as θαυμάσονται ("shall marvel"), diverging from the MT's "sprinkle."

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H5414-nathan.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5414-nathan.md

H5414 — נָתַן (nathan)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H5414
Original: נָתַן
Transliteration: nathan
Pronunciation: naw-than'
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Occurrences: 1,814 unique verses (2,285 tokens) — one of the most frequent verbs in the OT
Books: 38 (essentially the whole Hebrew canon)
First Occurrence: Gen 1:17 — "And God set (yitten) them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application — put, make, add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, avenge, bestow, bring forth, cast, cause, charge, commit, consider, count, cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, fasten, frame, get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang up, have, lay, lend, let (out), lift up, make, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, pull, put, recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth, sing, strike, submit, suffer, surely, take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, weep, willingly, withdraw, yield. The verb is fundamentally relational — a transfer from an agent to a recipient — but the range of transferred objects (physical things, persons, places, commands, speech, states) is vast.

Translation Distribution (KJV, top forms)¶

Translation family	Approximate share
give / gave / giveth / given	~50%
put / set / lay	~15%
deliver(ed) / deliver up	~8%
make / made / appoint(ed) / ordain(ed)	~7%
bestow / grant / yield / recompense	~4%
utter / cry / sing (of voice)	~2%
other (occupy, trade, suffer, etc.)	~14%

The distribution reflects the lexicon note: natan is a "general transfer" verb. English forces a narrower verb at every occurrence; Hebrew uses the same verb across what English treats as distinct acts.

Distribution by Book (top density, per 100 verses)¶

Book	Count	Per 100
Deuteronomy	165	17.2
Esther	27	16.2
Ezekiel	189	14.8
2 Chronicles	100	12.2
Joshua	78	11.9
1 Kings	97	11.9
Judges	63	10.2
Jeremiah	137	10.0
Leviticus	77	9.0
Genesis	132	8.6
Exodus	101	8.3
1 Samuel	65	8.0
Numbers	101	7.8

Concentration tracks the covenant / land-grant / kingship / cult themes: Deuteronomy (land given, commandments given), Joshua (land allotments), Ezekiel (YHWH gives Israel over / gives the land back), 1 Kings–Chronicles (Solomon, temple, throne). The verb is also dense in legal texts (Leviticus, Numbers) where it marks what must be given to the priests, Levites, and altar.

Semantic Categories¶

Seven recurring usage patterns emerge from the verse data. Most uses combine more than one; categories are functional, not exclusive.

1. Material transfer — giving an object or possession¶

Gen 3:6 — "she gave (tittēn) also unto her husband with her"
Gen 14:20 — "and he gave (yitten) him tithes of all"
Gen 24:53 — "gave also to her brother and to her mother precious things"
Esth 8:1 — "the king give (natan) the house of Haman"

2. Land-grant / covenant inheritance — YHWH giving the land¶

Gen 12:7 — "Unto thy seed will I give (etten) this land"
Gen 15:18 — "Unto thy seed have I given (natatti) this land"
Deut 1:8 — "the land which the LORD sware... to give (latet) unto them"
Josh 1:3 — "Every place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon, that have I given (netattiw) unto you"

This is the signature use in Deuteronomy and Joshua — natan is the formulaic verb of YHWH's patriarchal promise.

3. Delivering enemies / persons into another's hand (Niphal-heavy)¶

Jdg 1:2 — "the LORD said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered (natatti) the land into his hand"
Jdg 1:4 — "the LORD delivered (wayyitten) the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand"
Dan 1:2 — "the Lord gave (wayyitten) Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand"
Jer 20:4 — "I will give (etten) all Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon"

Typical pattern: natan + beyad ("into the hand of"). Can be favorable (victory for Israel) or punitive (Israel given over to exile).

4. Dedication / vow — giving persons or things over to YHWH¶

1 Sam 1:11 — "then I will give him (unetattiw) unto the LORD all the days of his life" — Hannah's vow formula, dedicating Samuel for lifelong cultic service; note the duration clause kol yemei chayyav
Num 3:9 — "And thou shalt give (wenatattah) the Levites unto Aaron and to his sons: they are wholly given (netunim) unto him"
Num 8:16 — "For they are wholly given (netunim netunim) unto me... instead of... the firstborn"
Num 8:19 — "And I have given (wa'ettenah) the Levites as a gift (netunim) to Aaron"
Num 18:6 — "behold, I have taken your brethren the Levites... a gift (matanah) for the LORD, to do the service of the tabernacle"

The Levite-transfer passages repeat natan in a piled, figura-etymologica construction (netunim netunim, "given, given") to mark irrevocable dedication. The vow pattern in 1 Sam 1:11 uses exactly this language (unetattiw laYHWH) — Hannah is not offering a sacrifice, she is transferring custody of a person to the sanctuary for lifelong service. The construction parallels the Levitical model: a living human natan-ed to YHWH is assigned to service, not slaughtered.

Note: Exo 13:12's firstborn-dedication formula does NOT use natan — it uses H5674 (wehaʻavartaʼ, "thou shalt set apart / cause to pass over"). The firstborn-given motif surfaces with natan only indirectly, e.g. when the Levites are described as substituting for the firstborn (Num 3:12; 8:16).

5. Placement / installation — setting, putting, appointing¶

Gen 1:17 — "God set (wayyitten) them in the firmament"
Gen 9:13 — "I do set (natatti) my bow in the cloud"
Gen 17:5 — "for a father of many nations have I made thee" (lit. "given thee")
Deut 1:15 — "made (wa'etten) them heads over you" (= appointed)
Jer 1:5 — "I ordained (netattika) thee a prophet unto the nations"

Often overlapping with "make" (H7760 sum / H6213 ʻasah). When natan is used, the nuance is installation-by-transfer: the agent grants a position to the recipient.

6. Speech / voice — giving/uttering a sound¶

Psa 46:6 — "he uttered (natan) his voice, the earth melted"
Jer 4:16 — "give out (yittenu) their voice against the cities of Judah"
Joel 2:11 — "the LORD shall utter (natan) his voice before his army"
Prov 1:20 — "Wisdom... uttereth (titten) her voice in the streets"

Collocation: natan + qol ("voice"). This is the standard Hebrew idiom for vocalizing (thundering, shouting, lamenting).

7. Legal / commanded obligation — giving commandments, laws, decrees¶

Exod 31:18 — "he gave (wayyitten) unto Moses... two tables of testimony"
Deut 4:8 — "this law, which I set (noten) before you this day"
Ezek 11:19 — "I will give (wenatatti) them one heart"
Jer 31:33 — "I will put (etten) my law in their inward parts"

The covenant stipulation formula: YHWH natan-s his statutes to Israel. The interiorizing new-covenant promise also uses natan (heart, law written within).

Common Collocations¶

Top content-word co-occurrences (excluding particles):

Word	Strong's	Co-occ	Typical Pattern
יְהוָה YHWH	H3068	575× (32%)	"the LORD gave..." — divine subject
עַל ʻal	H5921	473× (26%)	"gave upon / laid upon" — location of transfer
אָמַר ʼamar	H559	409× (23%)	"and he said... give" — speech frame around the gift
כֹּל kol	H3605	373× (21%)	"gave all..." — totality of the gift (cf. `kol yemei chayyav`)
אֶרֶץ ʼerets	H776	332× (18%)	"the land I give you" — land-grant formula
בֵּן ben	H1121	306× (17%)	"give to the children of..." — recipient of inheritance
יָד yad	H3027	297× (16%)	"give into the hand of" — deliverance/surrender idiom
אֱלֹהִים ʼelohim	H430	274× (15%)	divine giver
מֶלֶךְ melek	H4428	226× (12%)	royal giver or royal recipient
פָּנִים panim	H6440	207× (11%)	"give before the face of" — presentation
בַּיִת bayith	H1004	176× (10%)	"give the house / house given"
לָקַח laqach	H3947	135× (7%)	"take and give" — paired transfer verbs

Word Family / Same Semantic Field¶

Word	Strong's	Distinction
יָהַב yahab	H3051	near-synonym "give" — mostly imperative ("give!"); ~33 uses, Hebrew
יְהַב yehab	H3052	Aramaic cognate; used in Dan/Ezra where the Aramaic-Hebrew boundary runs
שׂוּם sum / sim	H7760	"put, place" — overlaps with natan in placement sense but lacks the transfer-to-recipient force
עָשָׂה ʻasah	H6213	"make, do" — overlaps in "appoint / make X to

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H7971-shalach.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H7971-shalach.md

H7971 — שָׁלַח (shalach)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H7971
Original: שָׁלַח
Transliteration: shalach
Pronunciation: shaw-lakh'
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Root: Primitive root
Occurrences: 790 unique verses (1,113 tokens) across 34 books
First Occurrence: Gen 3:22 — "lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications): any wise, appoint, bring (on the way), cast (away, out), conduct, earnestly, forsake, give (up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose), push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send (away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread, stretch forth (out).

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
sent / send / sendeth / sendest	~375	47%
let go / let loose / let depart	~45	6%
go (send on way)	41	5%
put forth / put away / put out	~30	4%
stretch forth / stretch out	~10	1%
cast (away/out)	~10	1%
lay (hands)	~8	1%
shoot (forth)	~5	1%
sow / soweth	~5	1%
depart	2	<1%
Other phrases	~259	33%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Obadiah	3	14.3
2 Kings	66	9.2
Malachi	5	9.1
Esther	15	9.0
2 Samuel	56	8.1
1 Samuel	62	7.7
Amos	9	6.2
Jeremiah	79	5.8
Judges	36	5.8
Exodus	65	5.4
1 Kings	43	5.3
Zechariah	10	4.7
Genesis	64	4.2
2 Chronicles	34	4.1
Joel	3	4.1
Joshua	23	3.5
Nehemiah	13	3.2
Haggai	1	2.6
Isaiah	31	2.4
Deuteronomy	20	2.1
Numbers	26	2.0
Ezekiel	26	2.0
Job	20	1.9
1 Chronicles	17	1.8
Psalms	32	1.3
Proverbs	12	1.3
Leviticus	10	1.2
Hosea	2	1.0
Micah	1	1.0
Daniel	2	0.6
Lamentations	1	0.6
Ecclesiastes	1	0.5
Ezra	1	0.4
Song of Solomon	1	—

Pattern: Heaviest in historical narrative (1-2 Sam, 1-2 Kings, Judges) where messengers, armies, and spies are dispatched. Exodus concentrates the "let go / release" sense in the Pharaoh confrontation. Jeremiah uses it both for prophetic commissioning ("I sent my servants the prophets") and judgment dispatching ("I will send the sword, famine, pestilence"). Low in wisdom literature except Job and Proverbs.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Dispatching Persons on a Mission (Messengers, Envoys, Prophets)¶

Gen 32:3 — "Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother"
Num 13:2 — "Send thou men, that they may search the land of Canaan"
Isa 6:8 — "Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?"
Jer 7:25 — "I have even sent unto you all my servants the prophets, rising early and sending them"

2. Releasing / Letting Go (Piel dominant)¶

Exo 4:23 — "Let my son go, that he may serve me"
Exo 21:26-27 — "he shall let him go free for his eye's/tooth's sake"
Deut 15:12-13 — "in the seventh year thou shalt let him go free"
Jer 34:9-10 — "every man should let his manservant... go free"

3. Sending Away the Scapegoat / Ritual Dismissal¶

Lev 16:10 — "to let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness"
Lev 16:21 — "shall send him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilderness"
Lev 16:22 — "he shall let go the goat in the wilderness"
Lev 16:26 — "he that let go the goat for the scapegoat shall wash his clothes"
Lev 14:7, 53 — "shall let go the living bird out of the city into the open fields"

4. Putting Forth / Stretching Out the Hand¶

Gen 3:22 — "lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life"
Gen 22:10 — "Abraham stretched forth his hand, and took the knife"
Exo 4:4 — "Put forth thine hand, and take it by the tail"
1 Sam 24:6 — "the LORD forbid that I should... stretch forth mine hand against the LORD's anointed"

5. God Sending Judgment (Fire, Pestilence, Famine, Beasts)¶

Num 21:6 — "the LORD sent fiery serpents among the people"
Amos 1:4, 7, 10, 12 — "I will send a fire into the house of Hazael / on the wall of Gaza / Tyrus / Teman"
Eze 14:19, 21 — "if I send a pestilence... my four sore judgments upon Jerusalem"
Deut 28:20 — "the LORD shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke"

6. Divorce / Marital Sending Away¶

Deut 24:1, 3 — "write her a bill of divorcement... sendeth her out of his house"
Isa 50:1 — "Where is the bill of your mother's divorcement, whom I have put away?"
Jer 3:1, 8 — "If a man put away his wife... I had put her away, and given her a bill of divorce"
Mal 2:16 — "the LORD, the God of Israel, saith that he hateth putting away"

7. Shooting / Sending Forth Projectiles or Natural Forces¶

2 Sam 22:15 — "he sent out arrows, and scattered them"
Job 38:35 — "Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go?"
Prov 6:14, 19 — "he soweth discord... he that soweth discord among brethren"
Isa 32:20 — "ye that sow beside all waters, that send forth the feet of the ox"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
אָמַר (ʼamar)	H559	308x (39%)	"said... sent" — speech introducing or following the sending
יְהֹוָה (YHWH)	H3068	221x (28%)	"the LORD sent" — divine commissioning
מֶלֶךְ (melek)	H4428	155x (20%)	"the king sent" — royal dispatch of messengers
יָד (yad)	H3027	121x (15%)	"put forth his hand" / "by the hand of"
בּוֹא (boʼ)	H935	118x (15%)	"sent... and came" — dispatch followed by arrival
אִישׁ (ʼiysh)	H376	114x (14%)	"sent men" / "a fit man" (Lev 16:21)
אֱלֹהִים (ʼelohiym)	H430	102x (13%)	"God sent" — divine agency
עַם (ʻam)	H5971	91x (12%)	"let the people go" — Exodus refrain
לָקַח (laqach)	H3947	77x (10%)	"sent and took/fetched" — dispatch to retrieve
דָּוִד (David)	H1732	73x (9%)	"David sent" — narrative formula in Samuel/Kings

Synonyms¶

H6398 פָּלַח (palach) — cleave, slice through; overlaps only in specialized cutting/sending sense
H935 בּוֹא (boʼ) — come, go; complements shalach (one sends, the other arrives)

Word Family / Cognates¶

H7972 שְׁלַח (shelach) — Aramaic cognate: to send, put (Dan 3:28, 5:24, 6:22)
H7973 שֶׁלַח (shelach) — a missile weapon, dart, sprout (noun)

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
ἀποστέλλω (apostello)	G649	"sent" (37v overlap)	Greek NT equivalent; carries "authoritative commissioning" nuance
πέμπω (pempo)	G3992	"sent" (24v overlap)	Greek NT; simple dispatch without commissioning nuance
נָתַן (nathan)	H5414	"sent" (4v overlap)	nathan = "give/deliver"; only occasionally "send"
גָּרַשׁ (garash)	H1644	"cast out" (2v overlap)	garash = forceful driving out/expulsion; shalach = directed sending
שָׁלַךְ (shalak)	H7993	"cast out" (2v overlap)	shalak = throw/hurl/discard (no commissioning); shalach = send purposefully
נָטָה (natah)	H5186	"stretched forth" (6v overlap)	natah = stretch/extend (a rod, tent); shalach = put forth (hand)

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
ἀποστέλλω (apostello) G649	443	29.09	Primary equivalent — authoritative sending; root of "apostle"
ἐξαποστέλλω (exapostello) G1821	210	25.59	Intensive "send away forth" — Piel releasing sense
ἄγγελος (aggelos) G32	68	13.53	Indirect — co-occurs when shalach dispatches messengers
ἐκτείνω (ekteino) G1614	38	12.03	"Stretch out" — for the "put forth hand" usage
ἐλεύθερος (eleutheros) G1658	12	10.99	"Free" — for the manumission/release usage
ἀποστάσιον (apostasion) G647	4	7.84	"Bill of divorcement" — for the divorce usage

Note: The LXX translators distinguish shalach's semantic range through multiple Greek renderings. ἀποστέλλω captures the dominant "commission and send" sense. ἐξαποστέλλω captures the Piel "send away/release" sense, particularly in the Exodus and Leviticus scapegoat passages.

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H3615-kalah.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3615-kalah.md

H3615 — כָּלָה (kâlâh)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H3615
Original: כָּלָה
Transliteration: kâlâh
Pronunciation: kaw-law
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: Primitive root
Occurrences: 199 unique verses (258 tokens) in OT
First Occurrence: Gen 2:1 — "Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume):—accomplish, cease, consume (away), determine, destroy (utterly), be (when... were) done, (be an) end (of), expire, (cause to) fail, faint, finish, fulfil, fully, have, leave (off), long, bring to pass, wholly reap, make clean riddance, spend, quite take away, waste.

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Stem	Count	Typical Meaning
Piel	141	complete, finish, bring to an end, consume, destroy
Qal	64	come to an end, be finished, be consumed, fail, be spent
Pual	1	be completed, be finished

The Piel stem (transitive/intensive) dominates, expressing the active sense of bringing something to completion or consuming. The Qal stem (intransitive/stative) expresses the passive result: things coming to their end. Pual occurs only once (Gen 2:1: "the heavens and the earth were finished").

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Consolidated into semantic groups:

Translation Cluster	Approx. Verses	%
made an end / ended / done	~40	20%
finished / fulfilled	~25	13%
consumed / consume / spent	~35	18%
fail / faileth / faint	~22	11%
determined / accomplished	~8	4%
left / leave off	~5	3%
Other (waste, cease, expire, etc.)	~64	32%

The KJV's rendering is highly contextual and often embedded in multi-word translations (e.g., "had made an end of speaking"). The core sense is consistently completion, with the destructive sense ("consume") arising from the context of divine judgment.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Psalms	21	0.9
Genesis	16	1.0
2 Chronicles	16	1.9
Ezekiel	15	1.2
Jeremiah	13	1.0
1 Kings	12	1.5
Isaiah	12	0.9
Job	11	1.0
Exodus	10	0.8
1 Samuel	10	1.2
Deuteronomy	7	0.7
Numbers	7	0.5
2 Samuel	6	0.9
Joshua	5	0.8
Leviticus	5	0.6
Lamentations	5	3.2
Ezra	4	1.4
Proverbs	3	0.3
2 Kings	3	0.4
1 Chronicles	3	0.3
Daniel	3	0.8
Judges	2	0.3
Malachi	1	1.8
Amos	1	0.7
Esther	1	0.6
Hosea	1	0.5
Zechariah	1	0.5
Nehemiah	1	0.2

Highest concentration in Lamentations (3.2/100 verses), 2 Chronicles (1.9), and Malachi (1.8). Distributed across all major OT genres: Torah, history, poetry, and prophecy.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Completion of a Task or Work (transitive: Piel; intransitive: Qal)¶

Gen 2:1 — "Thus the heavens and the earth were finished" (Pual)
Gen 2:2 — "on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made" (Piel)
Exo 39:32 — "Thus was all the work of the tabernacle...finished" (Qal)
1Ki 6:14 — "So Solomon built the house, and finished it" (Piel)

2. Finishing Speaking / "Made an End of..." (Piel)¶

Gen 24:15 — "before he had done speaking, that, behold, Rebekah came out"
Gen 27:30 — "as soon as Isaac had made an end of blessing Jacob"
Num 16:31 — "as he had made an end of speaking all these words, that the ground clave asunder"
Deu 32:45 — "And Moses made an end of speaking all these words to all Israel"

3. Divine Judgment / Consumption (Piel, Qal)¶

Exo 32:10 — "that my wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them" (Piel)
Num 16:21 — "Separate yourselves...that I may consume them in a moment" (Piel)
Jer 10:25 — "they have eaten up Jacob, and devoured him, and consumed him" (Piel)
Lam 3:22 — "It is of the LORD'S mercies that we are not consumed" (Qal)

4. Wrath/Fury Accomplished (Piel)¶

Lam 4:11 — "The LORD hath accomplished his fury; he hath poured out his fierce anger" (Piel)
Eze 5:13 — "Thus shall mine anger be accomplished...and I will be comforted" (Qal + Piel)
Eze 6:12 — "He that is far off shall die...and he that remaineth and is besieged shall die: thus will I accomplish my fury upon them" (Piel)
Eze 20:8 — "to accomplish my anger against them in the midst of the land of Egypt" (Piel)

5. Eyes Failing / Longing / Being Spent (Qal, Piel)¶

Psa 69:3 — "I am weary of my crying: my throat is dried: mine eyes fail while I wait for my God" (Qal)
Psa 84:2 — "My soul longeth, yea, even fainteth for the courts of the LORD" (Qal)
Job 19:27 — "my reins be consumed within me" (Qal — margin reads "reins in my bosom are consumed with longing")
Lam 2:11 — "Mine eyes do fail with tears" (Qal)

6. Time or Resources Being Spent / Ended (Qal)¶

Gen 21:15 — "And the water was spent in the bottle" (Qal)
Gen 41:53 — "the seven years of plenteousness...were ended" (Qal)
1Ki 17:14 — "The barrel of meal shall not waste, neither shall the cruse of oil fail" (Qal)
Job 7:6 — "My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle, and are spent without hope" (Qal)

7. Determination / Decided Evil (Qal)¶

1Sa 20:7 — "be sure that evil is determined by him" (Qal)
1Sa 20:9 — "if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee" (Qal)
1Sa 25:17 — "for evil is determined against our master" (Qal)

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
עָשָׂה (asah)	H6213	22x	"finished the work" — completion of making
דָבַר (dabar)	H1696	21x	"made an end of speaking" — finishing a speech
יוֹם (yom)	H3117	26x	"when these days are expired" — temporal completion
עַיִן (ayin)	H5869	16x	"eyes fail" — physical/spiritual exhaustion
אֶרֶץ (erets)	H776	22x	"land consumed" — judgment context
אַף (aph) / חֵמָה (chemah)	H639 / H2534	often	"anger is accomplished" — divine wrath

Synonyms (from SDBH)¶

H8552 תָּמַם (tamam) — to be complete, finished; often used interchangeably with kalah for "to be consumed"
H6 אָבַד (abad) — to perish, be destroyed; overlaps with kalah's destructive sense
H656 אֶפֶס (ephes) — to cease, come to an end
H3772 כָּרַת (karath) — to cut off; overlaps in "fail" translations
H5674 עָבַר (abar) — to pass over, pass away; overlaps in temporal completion sense

Antonyms¶

Not available in SDBH for this word

Word Family / Cognates¶

H3617 כָּלָה (kalah) — noun: completion, destruction, consumption (e.g., Isa 10:23, Dan 9:27)
H3615 is the root verb — no parent root; it is itself a primitive root

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
תָּמַם (tamam)	H8552	"consumed," "be consumed," "finished"	tamam = to be complete naturally/wholly; kalah = completion with connotation of ending/cessation
אָכַל (akal)	H398	"consumed," "devoured"	akal = to eat, literally consume food; kalah = to bring to an end, exhaust
אָבַד (abad)	H6	"destroyed," "perish"	abad = to be lost, wander away, perish; kalah = to be finished, completed to nothing
σῠντελέω (synteleo)	G4931	LXX equivalent	The primary LXX translation bridge (85 co-occurrences). kalah → synteleo: "to complete entirely"
τελέω (teleo)	G5055	"finished," "accomplished," "fulfilled"	teleo = to bring to an end, fulfill; smaller LXX bridge (5 co-occ) but theologically important NT word

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Frequency (co-occ)	PMI Score	Notes
συντελέω (synteleo) G4931	85	27.17	Primary equivalent — "to complete entirely"
ἐκλείπω (ekleipo) G1587	30	15.96	"to fail, cease, die out" — covers the intransitive/failing sense
παύω (pauo) G3973	15	13.71	"to stop, cease" — covers the cessation sense
τελέω (teleo) G5055	5	9.84	"to end, complete, conclude" — smaller but theologically significant bridge
συντέλεια (synteleia) G4930	5	6.87	Noun — "completion, consummation"

H2930-tame.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2930-tame.md

H2930 — טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H2930
Original: טָמֵא
Transliteration: ṭâmêʼ
Pronunciation: taw-may
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Root: Primitive root (cognates: H2931 ṭâmêʼ adjective "unclean"; H2932 ṭumʼâh noun "uncleanness")
Occurrences: 142 unique verses (194 tokens) across 13 books
First Occurrence: Gen 34:5 — "And Jacob heard that he had defiled (ṭimmêʼ) Dinah his daughter"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to be foul, especially in a ceremonial or moral sense (contaminated): defile (self), pollute (self), be (make, make self, pronounce) unclean, utterly.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
unclean (various phrases: "shall be unclean," "be unclean," etc.)	~80	56%
defiled / defile / defile self	~40	28%
polluted / pollute	~12	8%
pronounce unclean	~8	6%
other (utterly, etc.)	~2	1%

Note: The KJV fragments this word across many multi-word phrases. The groupings above consolidate by core English rendering.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Leviticus	71	8.3
Ezekiel	28	2.2
Numbers	21	1.6
Haggai	1	2.6
Hosea	3	1.5
Micah	1	1.0
2 Kings	4	0.6
Jeremiah	4	0.3
Genesis	3	0.2
Deuteronomy	2	0.2
Psalms	2	0.1
2 Chronicles	1	0.1
Isaiah	1	0.1

Leviticus alone accounts for 50% of all occurrences (71/142 verses), with a density of 8.3 per 100 verses — overwhelmingly a ritual-law term. Ezekiel is the second major concentration (28 occurrences), extending the concept from ritual to moral/spiritual defilement of the land and sanctuary. The word is absent from the Pentateuch wisdom literature entirely and from the NT (where Greek equivalents carry the concept forward).

Semantic Categories¶

1. Ritual Impurity from Contact (Levitical Purity Laws)¶

The largest category — physical contact with unclean things produces temporary ceremonial uncleanness, typically lasting "until evening" and resolved by washing. - Lev 11:24 — "whosoever toucheth the carcase of them shall be unclean until the even" - Lev 11:31 — "whosoever doth touch them, when they be dead, shall be unclean until the even" - Lev 15:5 — "whosoever toucheth his bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even" - Num 19:11 — "He that toucheth the dead body of any man shall be unclean seven days"

2. Bodily Discharges and Skin Conditions¶

Specific physiological states that render a person unclean — menstruation, seminal emission, leprosy, childbirth. - Lev 12:2 — "If a woman have conceived seed, and born a man child: then she shall be unclean seven days" - Lev 15:16 — "if any man's seed of copulation go out from him... he shall be unclean until the even" - Lev 15:19 — "if a woman have an issue, and her issue in her flesh be blood, she shall be put apart seven days: and whosoever toucheth her shall be unclean until the even" - Lev 13:44 — "He is a leprous man, he is unclean: the priest shall pronounce him utterly unclean"

3. Priestly Declaration (Piel — "Pronounce Unclean")¶

The priest's authoritative declaration of uncleanness, especially in skin-disease diagnosis (Leviticus 13). - Lev 13:3 — "the priest shall look on the plague in the skin of the flesh... and the priest shall pronounce him unclean" - Lev 13:8 — "the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a leprosy" - Lev 13:11 — "the priest shall pronounce him unclean, and shall not shut him up: for he is unclean" - Lev 13:25 — "the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is the plague of leprosy"

4. Sexual Defilement (Moral Contamination)¶

Sexual sin — adultery, bestiality, and illicit relations — defiles persons and the land itself. - Gen 34:5 — "Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter" - Lev 18:20 — "thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour's wife, to defile thyself with her" - Num 5:13–14 — "and she be defiled... and the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be defiled" - Ezek 18:6 — "neither hath defiled his neighbour's wife"

5. Idolatry and Pagan Worship (Hithpael — Self-Defilement)¶

Voluntary contamination through idolatrous worship — a dominant Ezekiel theme. - Lev 18:24 — "Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things: for in all these the nations are defiled" - Ezek 20:7 — "Cast ye away every man the abominations of his eyes, and defile not yourselves with the idols of Egypt" - Ezek 20:31 — "when ye make your sons to pass through the fire, ye pollute yourselves with all your idols" - Ezek 22:4 — "Thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed; and hast defiled thyself in thine idols"

6. Defilement of Sacred Space and Land¶

The sanctuary, temple, and land of Israel can be defiled by sin, requiring divine judgment. - Lev 15:31 — "Thus shall ye separate the children of Israel from their uncleanness; that they die not in their uncleanness, when they defile my tabernacle" - Num 19:13 — "whosoever toucheth the dead body of any man... and purifieth not himself, defileth the tabernacle of the LORD" - Jer 2:7 — "when ye entered, ye defiled my land, and made mine heritage an abomination" - Ezek 5:11 — "because thou hast defiled my sanctuary with all thy detestable things"

7. Josiah's Deliberate Desecration (Piel — Active Defilement)¶

A unique usage: Josiah intentionally defiles pagan high places to render them permanently unusable for worship. - 2 Kings 23:8 — "he... defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense" - 2 Kings 23:10 — "he defiled Topheth... that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire" - 2 Kings 23:13 — "the high places that were before Jerusalem... did the king of Israel defile"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
עֶרֶב (ʻereb)	H6153	30x	"unclean until the evening" — duration formula for temporary impurity
נָגַע (nâgaʻ)	H5060	24x	"he that toucheth... shall be unclean" — contact as defilement trigger
מַיִם (mayim)	H4325	23x	"bathe in water, and be unclean" — water as purification alongside the state
אִישׁ (ʼîysh)	H376	21x	"if a man..." — casuistic law subject
בֶּגֶד (beged)	H899	20x	"wash his clothes, and be unclean" — garment washing as purification rite
כָּבַס (kâbaç)	H3526	18x	"shall wash his clothes" — laundering as ritual response to uncleanness
כֹּהֵן (kôhên)	H3548	16x	"the priest shall pronounce him unclean" — priestly diagnostic role
בַּיִת (bayith)	H1004	15x	"the house shall be unclean" / "defile the house" — spatial impurity
יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl)	H3478	15x	"children of Israel" — covenant community subject to purity laws

Word Family / Cognates¶

H2931 טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ) — adjective: "unclean, defiled" (78 unique verses). Describes the state that H2930 produces.
H2932 טֻמְאָה (ṭumʼâh) — noun: "uncleanness, impurity" (36 verses). The abstract quality of the state.

Synonyms¶

No synonyms returned by search_relationships.py for H2930.

Antonyms¶

H2891 טָהֵר (ṭâhêr) — returned by search_relationships.py as the direct cleansing opposite of ṭâmêʼ.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ)	H2931	"unclean," "defiled"	H2931 is the adjective (describes the state); H2930 is the verb (entering/causing the state)
חָנֵף (chânêph)	H2610	"polluted," "defiled"	chânêph = moral pollution, hypocrisy, profaneness; ṭâmêʼ = ritual/ceremonial impurity (though extended morally in prophets)
חָלַל (châlal)	H2490	"polluted"	châlal = profane, pierce, wound; defiles by violating sacred boundaries (Sabbath, covenant); broader semantic range
גָּאַל (gâʼal)	H1351	"polluted," "defiled"	gâʼal = stain, soil (physical or moral); used for blood-guilt pollution; unrelated to ritual impurity system

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
μιαίνω (miaínō) G3392	86	31.76	Primary equivalent — "to sully, taint, contaminate." Carries into NT at Titus 1:15, Heb 12:15, Jude 8
ἀκάθαρτος (akáthartos) G169	53	24.39	"Unclean" (adjective) — used for the stative Qal sense; NT: unclean spirits, unclean things
ἑσπέρα (hespéra) G2073	32	19.54	"Evening" — not a semantic equivalent; co-occurs because of the "unclean until evening" formula
πλύνω (plýnō) G4150	18	17.33	"Wash" — co-occurs in "wash clothes and be unclean" formula; not

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H6588-pesha.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6588-pesha.md

H6588 — פֶּשַׁע (peshaʻ)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H6588
Original: פֶּשַׁע
Transliteration: peshaʻ
Pronunciation: peh'-shah
Part of Speech: Masculine noun
Root: H6586 פָּשַׁע (pasha) — to break away from authority, rebel, transgress
Occurrences: 90 unique verses (95 tokens), 17 books
First Occurrence: Gen 31:36 — "What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast so hotly pursued after me?"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From H6586; a revolt (national, moral or religious): — rebellion, sin, transgression, trespass.

The root פָּשַׁע (H6586) carries the sense of breaking away from just authority — it denotes active defection, not merely moral failure. The noun pesha designates the act or condition of such revolt.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
transgression / transgressions	~68	76%
sin / sins	2	2%
trespass	3	3%
rebellion	1	1%
Other / prepositional phrases	~16	18%

Dominated by "transgression." "Rebellion" appears once (Job 34:37), revealing the word's core sense.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Amos	10	6.8
Micah	5	4.8
Lamentations	3	1.9
Proverbs	12	1.3
Job	10	0.9
Ezekiel	10	0.8
Isaiah	10	0.8
Daniel	3	0.8
Psalms	14	0.6
1 Samuel	2	0.2
Exodus	3	0.2
Joshua	1	0.2
Leviticus	2	0.2
Genesis	2	0.1
Numbers	1	0.1
1 Kings	1	0.1
Jeremiah	1	0.1

Concentration in Amos and Micah reflects prophetic indictment of national covenant violations. Psalms has the most occurrences (14) but lower density — mostly in confession psalms. Near-absence from Torah narrative books (Genesis, Exodus, Numbers) confirms pesha is primarily a prophetic and wisdom term.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Formulaic Prophetic Indictment of Nations¶

The Amos oracle refrain applies pesha to national crimes, using a fixed "three transgressions / four" escalation formula. - Amos 1:3 — "For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof" - Amos 1:6 — "For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four..." (repeated for Tyrus, Edom, Ammon, Moab, Judah, Israel) - Amos 5:12 — "For I know your manifold transgressions and your mighty sins" - Micah 1:5 — "For the transgression of Jacob is all this, and for the sins of the house of Israel"

2. Covenant Violation Requiring Divine Response¶

Pesha paired with YHWH's name and the divine response of judgment or forgiveness. - Exod 23:21 — "he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him" - Exod 34:7 — "forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty" (the classic triad) - Ezek 18:30–31 — "Repent... Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed; and make you a new heart" - Dan 9:24 — "Seventy weeks are determined... to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins"

3. Personal Confession Before God¶

The Psalms use pesha primarily in penitential contexts — the speaker acknowledging personal revolt. - Ps 32:1 — "Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered" - Ps 51:1, 3 — "blot out my transgressions... For I acknowledge my transgressions: and my sin is ever before me" - Ps 103:12 — "As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us" - Job 13:23 — "How many are mine iniquities and sins? make me to know my transgression and my sin"

Proverbs extends pesha from the covenant sphere to general moral life — covering or ignoring sin vs. confronting it. - Prov 10:12 — "love covereth all sins (pesha)" - Prov 17:9 — "He that covereth a transgression seeketh love; but he that repeateth a matter separateth very friends" - Prov 28:2 — "For the transgression of a land many are the princes thereof" - Prov 29:16 — "When the wicked are multiplied, transgression increaseth"

5. Bearing and Blotting Out Transgression¶

Isaiah clusters pesha with God's sovereign act of removal — bearing, blotting, and atoning. - Isa 43:25 — "I, even I, am he that blotteth out thy transgressions for mine own sake" - Isa 53:5 — "he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities" - Isa 53:8 — "for the transgression of my people was he stricken" - Micah 7:18 — "Who is a God like unto thee, that pardoneth iniquity, and passeth by the transgression of the remnant of his heritage?"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
חַטָּאָה (chattah)	H2403	24x	"transgression and sin" — the two-term pair
יְהֹוָה (YHWH)	H3068	20x	Divine name in judgment/forgiveness context
עָוֺן (avon)	H5771	19x	"iniquity and transgression and sin" — the classic triad
שׁוּב (shub)	H7725	13x	"turn from transgression" — repentance formula
נָשָׂא (nasa)	H5375	10x	"forgive / bear transgression"
שָׁלוֹשׁ / אַרְבַּע (three / four)	H7969/H702	8x each	Amos oracle formula
עָשָׂה (asah)	H6213	8x	"committed transgression"

Word Family / Cognates¶

H6586 פָּשַׁע (pasha) — root verb: to rebel, transgress (37 occurrences)

Synonyms¶

No direct synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H6588.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H6588.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
חַטָּאָה (chattah)	H2403	both → "sin/transgression"	chattah = missing the mark, often unintentional; pesha = deliberate revolt/defection
עָוֺן (avon)	H5771	both → "iniquity/sin"	avon = the twisted state of guilt and its accumulated weight; pesha = the act of breaking away
אָשָׁם (asham)	H817	both → "trespass"	asham = guilt with liability for restitution; pesha = willful defection from authority
παράβασις (parabasis)	G3847	both → "transgression" (KJV NT)	parabasis = stepping aside from a specific line; pesha = active revolt against authority

Semantic Domains¶

UBS / Relationship Domains¶

[002001003020] Wrong — search_relationships.py groups peshaʻ in the broad "wrong/offense" field, reinforcing its place among culpable acts of rebellion.

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
ἀσέβεια (asébeia)	G763	27	6.73	impiety/ungodliness — highest PMI
ἀνομία (anomía)	G458	29	5.27	lawlessness/iniquity
ἁμαρτία (hamartía)	G266	34	4.55	sin — broadest NT word, used widely
ἀδίκημα (adikēma)	G92	5	6.39	a specific wrong done
ἁμάρτημα (hamartēma)	G265	4	5.73	concrete act of sin

No single dominant Greek equivalent. The LXX distributes pesha across asébeia (emphasizing the godward dimension of impiety), anomía (the lawlessness dimension), and hamartía (the general sin word). This spread reflects that pesha's core sense — active revolt against legitimate authority — lacks a precise Greek lexical match.

H5771-avon.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5771-avon.md

H5771 — עָוֺן (ʻâvôn)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H5771
Original: עָוֺן
Transliteration: ʻâvôn
Pronunciation: aw-vone'
Part of Speech: Masculine noun
Root: Related to H5753 עָוָה (ʻâvâh) — to bend, twist, commit perversity; Aramaic cognate H5758
Occurrences: 213 unique verses (234 tokens) in 26 books
First Occurrence: Gen 4:13 — "My punishment [is] greater than I can bear"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

BDB: iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity

Three semantically distinct senses distinguished in BDB: 1. Iniquity — the wrongful act itself; moral perversity or crookedness 2. Guilt of iniquity — the culpable state resulting from the act 3. Punishment / consequence of iniquity — the penalty borne by the offender

TWOT: 1577a

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
iniquity (all inflected phrases)	~170	~80%
punishment / punishment of iniquity	~5	~2%
fault	2	<1%
sin, mischief	2	<1%

Dominant rendering is "iniquity." The rendering "punishment" surfaces where context emphasizes consequence rather than act (Gen 4:13; Isa 40:2; Num 5:31).

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Hosea	10	5.1
Lamentations	5	3.2
Ezekiel	38	3.0
Leviticus	16	1.9
Isaiah	24	1.9
Micah	2	1.9
Malachi	1	1.8
Jeremiah	23	1.7
Job	15	1.4
Psalms	29	1.2
Ezra	3	1.1
2 Samuel	6	0.9
Zechariah	2	0.9
Daniel	3	0.8
Numbers	9	0.7
1 Samuel	6	0.7
Amos	1	0.7
Nehemiah	2	0.5
Exodus	5	0.4
Genesis	4	0.3
Joshua	2	0.3
Deuteronomy	2	0.2
Proverbs	2	0.2
1 Chronicles	1	0.1
1 Kings	1	0.1
2 Kings	1	0.1

Concentration peaks in the prophets (Ezekiel, Hosea, Jeremiah, Isaiah) and in penitential poetry (Psalms, Lamentations). Pentateuchal usage is largely in priestly/legal texts (Leviticus, Numbers). Absent from most historical narratives and from wisdom literature outside Job.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Moral Iniquity — the Act of Perversity¶

The dominant sense: the wrongful deed itself, emphasizing moral crookedness or perversity rather than legal status.

Gen 15:16 — "the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full" (iniquity accumulates toward judgment)
Isa 1:4 — "a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers"
Hosea 13:12 — "The iniquity of Ephraim is bound up; his sin is hid"
Jer 2:22 — "thine iniquity is marked before me, saith the Lord GOD"

2. Guilt of Iniquity — the Culpable State¶

The standing or condition of being guilty; the weight of iniquity resting on a person or community.

Gen 44:16 — "God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants"
Num 5:31 — "this woman shall bear her iniquity"
Ps 51:5 — "Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me"
Ps 38:4 — "mine iniquities are gone over mine head; as a heavy burden they are too heavy for me"

3. Punishment / Consequence of Iniquity¶

BDB identifies a distinct sense where עָוֺן = the penalty borne, not the act itself (cf. Gen 4:13).

Gen 4:13 — "My punishment [is] greater than I can bear" (Cain, after the murder)
Isa 40:2 — "her iniquity is pardoned: for she hath received of the LORD'S hand double" (punishment served)
Jer 31:30 — "every one shall die for his own iniquity"
Ezek 18:20 — "The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father" (individual accountability)

4. Bearing / Carrying Iniquity — Priestly and Vicarious Contexts¶

The formula נָשָׂא עָוֺן (nâsâʼ ʻâvôn, "bear iniquity") appears 37× — used of priests bearing communal guilt, of the scapegoat ritual, and of the Suffering Servant.

Lev 16:21 — Aaron confesses "all the iniquities of the children of Israel" over the scapegoat
Ezek 4:4–5 — Ezekiel lies on his side to "bear the iniquity of the house of Israel"
Isa 53:6 — "the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all"
Isa 53:11 — "he shall bear their iniquities"

5. Confession, Forgiveness, and Removal of Iniquity¶

Penitential and prophetic passages where עָוֺן is the object of God's forgiveness, covering, or atonement.

Exo 34:7 — "forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin"
Ps 32:5 — "thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin"
Ps 103:3 — "Who forgiveth all thine iniquities; who healeth all thy diseases"
Dan 9:24 — "to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occ	Typical Pattern
יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh)	H3068	48x	God's visitation or forgiveness of iniquity
חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh)	H2403	43x	"iniquity and sin" — the classic sin-pair
נָשָׂא (nâsâʼ)	H5375	37x	"bear iniquity" (priestly/vicarious formula)
אָב (ʼâb)	H1	27x	"iniquity of the fathers" (generational guilt)
פָּנִים (pânîym)	H6440	26x	"set iniquity before thee / before my face"
יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl)	H3478	26x	"iniquity of Israel / house of Israel"
פֶּשַׁע (peshaʻ)	H6588	19x	"transgression and iniquity" — the three-sin triad (with H2403)
יוֹם (yôwm)	H3117	19x	"day of iniquity," "time of iniquity"

Word Family / Cognates¶

H5753 עָוָה (ʻâvâh) — related verb: to bend, be crooked, commit iniquity
H5766 עֶוֶל (ʻevel) — cognate noun: moral perverseness, injustice (judicial frame)
H5758 עִוָּא (ʻivvâʼ) — Aramaic cognate (BDB cross-reference)

Synonyms¶

H819 אַשְׁמָה (ʼashmâh) — guilt/trespass vocabulary returned by search_relationships.py; overlaps where ʻâvôn emphasizes culpability and liability.
A2402 — Aramaic sin vocabulary surfaced by search_relationships.py alongside the Hebrew sin-word cluster.
H2403 חַטָּאת / חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼth / chaṭṭâʼâh) — sin/sin-offering vocabulary in the same moral-culpability field.
H6588 פֶּשַׁע (peshaʻ) — transgression/rebellion vocabulary paired with ʻâvôn in the classic sin triad.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for H5771.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh)	H2403	"iniquity" (occasional)	chatta'ah = sin as missing the mark; avon = moral perversity with accumulated guilt
פֶּשַׁע (peshaʻ)	H6588	"iniquity" (occasional)	pesha = willful rebellion / breach of covenant; avon = the crooked bent and its guilt
עֶוֶל (ʻevel)	H5766	"iniquity"	evel = injustice / perverseness in a judicial frame; cognate with avon but more legal
אָוֶן (ʼâven)	H205	"iniquity"	aven = trouble / emptiness / wickedness (emphasis on futility/falseness)

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occ	PMI Score	Notes
ἀδικία (adikía)	G93	78x	24.64	Primary — "injustice, unrighteousness"
ἀνομία (anomía)	G458	70x	22.69	Secondary — "lawlessness"
ἁμαρτία (hamartía)	G266	93x	21.71	Broad sin word; lower PMI
κόλασις (kólasis)	G2851	5x	11.23	Used where punishment-sense is dominant

The LXX renders עָוֺן with two dominant Greek frames: adikia (moral wrong as injustice/unrighteousness) and anomia (lawlessness). The choice reflects which aspect of the word is foregrounded in each context.

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H8548-tamid.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H8548-tamid.md

H8548 — תָּמִיד (tamid)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H8548
Original: תָּמִיד
Transliteration: tamid
Pronunciation: taw-meed'
Part of Speech: Masculine noun (used attributively as adjective and adverbially)
Root: Unused root meaning "to stretch" — properly, continuance as indefinite extension
Occurrences: 104 in OT
First Occurrence: Exo 25:30 — "thou shalt set upon the table shewbread before me alway (tamid)"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From an unused root meaning to stretch; properly, continuance (as indefinite extension); but used only (attributively as adjective) constant (or adverbially, constantly); elliptically the regular (daily) sacrifice: alway(-s), continual (employment, -ly), daily, (n-)ever(-more), perpetual.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
continually	53	50.5%
the continual	17	16.2%
continual	9	8.6%
the daily	7	6.7%
always	6	5.7%
alway	4	3.8%
perpetual	2	1.9%
ever	2	1.9%
shall ever / evermore	2	1.9%
other	3	2.9%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Psalms	23	0.9
Numbers	20	1.5
Exodus	8	0.7
Isaiah	8	0.6
Leviticus	6	0.7
1 Chronicles	5	0.5
Daniel	5	1.4
Proverbs	4	0.4
Ezekiel	4	0.3
2 Samuel	3	0.4
2 Kings	3	0.4
2 Chronicles	3	0.4
Jeremiah	3	0.2
Habakkuk	2	3.6
Nehemiah	2	0.6
Deuteronomy	1	0.1
1 Kings	1	0.1
Hosea	1	0.5
Obadiah	1	4.8
Nahum	1	2.1
Ezra	1	0.4

Heaviest concentration in Numbers (cultic legislation for offerings) and Psalms (devotional/worship use). Two distinct usage domains: ritual law (Pentateuch) and spiritual devotion (Psalms, Prophets). Daniel uses tamid substantively ("the daily") in an apocalyptic context. Absent from all NT-era literature (no Greek direct equivalent — rendered as the phrase dia pantos).

Semantic Categories¶

1. The Continual Burnt Offering (Cultic Ritual)¶

The dominant use — tamid modifies the burnt offering (olat tamid), the twice-daily lamb sacrifice and associated offerings that formed the backbone of Israel's worship system. - Exo 29:42 — "[This shall be] a continual (tamid) burnt offering throughout your generations" - Num 28:3 — "two lambs of the first year without spot day by day, [for] a continual (tamid) burnt offering" - Num 28:6 — "[It is] a continual (tamid) burnt offering, which was ordained in mount Sinai" - Psa 50:8 — "thy burnt offerings, [to have been] continually (tamid) before me"

2. Other Continual Sanctuary Elements¶

Tamid also describes the perpetual showbread, the perpetual lamp, and the perpetual incense — items that were never to be interrupted in the tabernacle/temple. - Exo 25:30 — "thou shalt set upon the table shewbread before me alway (tamid)" - Exo 27:20 — "pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamp to burn always (tamid)" - Exo 30:8 — "a perpetual (tamid) incense before the LORD throughout your generations" - Lev 6:13 — "The fire shall ever (tamid) be burning upon the altar; it shall never go out"

3. Substantive "The Daily" (Daniel's Apocalyptic Usage)¶

In Daniel, tamid is used absolutely as a noun — "the tamid" (the continual [service]) — without any qualifying noun. KJV supplies [sacrifice] in italics. - Dan 8:11 — "by him the daily (tamid) [sacrifice] was taken away, and the place of his sanctuary was cast down" - Dan 8:13 — "How long [shall be] the vision [concerning] the daily (tamid) [sacrifice], and the transgression of desolation" - Dan 11:31 — "they shall take away the daily (tamid) [sacrifice], and they shall place the abomination that maketh desolate" - Dan 12:11 — "from the time [that] the daily (tamid) [sacrifice] shall be taken away"

4. Continual Devotion and Praise¶

In the Psalms and Wisdom literature, tamid describes the uninterrupted orientation of the worshiper toward God — continual praise, prayer, and attention. - Psa 16:8 — "I have set the LORD always (tamid) before me" - Psa 34:1 — "his praise [shall] continually (tamid) [be] in my mouth" - Psa 73:23 — "Nevertheless I [am] continually (tamid) with thee" - Psa 119:44 — "So shall I keep thy law continually (tamid) for ever and ever" - Psa 71:6 — "my praise [shall be] continually (tamid) of thee"

5. Continual States and Conditions (Prophetic)¶

The prophets use tamid for uninterrupted states — both divine attention and persistent evil. - Isa 49:16 — "thy walls [are] continually (tamid) before me" - Isa 52:5 — "my name continually (tamid) every day [is] blasphemed" - Isa 60:11 — "thy gates shall be open continually (tamid)" - Nah 3:19 — "upon whom hath not thy wickedness passed continually (tamid)?" - Hab 1:17 — "not spare continually (tamid) to slay the nations"

6. Priestly Duty and Divine Care¶

Tamid describes the unbroken nature of priestly mediation and God's watchful care. - Exo 28:29 — "Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel... for a memorial before the LORD continually (tamid)" - Exo 28:38 — "it shall be always (tamid) upon his forehead, that they may be accepted before the LORD" - Deu 11:12 — "the eyes of the LORD thy God [are] always (tamid) upon it"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
עֹלָה (olah)	H5930	26x	"continual burnt offering" (olat tamid)
פָּנִים (panim)	H6440	26x	"before [the LORD] continually" (lipne YHWH tamid)
מִנְחָה (minchah)	H4503	16x	"continual meat/meal offering"
יוֹם (yom)	H3117	16x	"day by day continually"
נֶסֶךְ (nesek)	H5262	15x	"drink offering... beside the continual"
חַטָּאָה (chattaah)	H2403	12x	"sin offering... beside the continual burnt offering"
לֶחֶם (lechem)	H3899	8x	"continual bread" (lechem tamid = showbread)
בֹּקֶר (boqer)	H1242	7x	"morning... continual burnt offering"
קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh)	H6944	6x	"holy... continual" (sanctuary context)

The collocation pattern reveals tamid as fundamentally a temple/worship term: 5 of the top 9 collocations are sacrificial vocabulary (olah, minchah, nesek, chattaah, lechem).

Synonyms¶

No synonyms returned by search_relationships.py for H8548.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms returned by search_relationships.py for H8548.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
עוֹלָם (olam)	H5769	"perpetual" (22x)	olam = eternity, indefinite past/future; tamid = regularity, unbroken recurrence
נֶצַח (netsach)	H5331	"perpetual" (3x)	netsach = permanence, endurance to the end; tamid = ongoing continuity without interruption
יוֹם (yom)	H3117	"continually" (10x), "daily" (32x)	yom = literal day, used idiomatically; tamid = the quality of being unceasing
כֹּל (kol)	H3605	"continually" (11x)	kol = totality ("all the day"); tamid = the unbroken nature of the action
הָלַךְ (halak)	H1980	"continually" (6x)	halak = to walk/go, used in progressive idiom (halok + infinitive); tamid = adverbial constant
תְּדִירָא (tedira)	H8411	"continually" (2x)	Aramaic equivalent of tamid used in Dan 6:16, 20 (Aramaic section)

Key Semantic Distinction¶

Tamid emphasizes regular, uninterrupted recurrence — a pattern that continues without cessation. Unlike olam (which looks at duration from beginning to end) or netsach (which emphasizes permanence/victory), tamid focuses on the ongoing, repetitive nature of the action. This is why it becomes the technical term for the twice-daily sacrifice: it is not eternal (olam) but regular and uninterrupted (tamid).

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Context	Notes
διὰ παντός (dia pantos)	G1223 + G3956	Primary rendering — a prepositional phrase ("through all [time]"), not a single word
θυσία (thysia) G2378	cultic contexts	"sacrifice" — co-occurs when LXX expands tamid into its referent
ὁλοκαύτωμα (holokautoma) G3646	cultic contexts	"whole burnt offering" — LXX makes explicit what Hebrew leaves elliptical
ἐνδελεχισμός (endelechismos)	Num 28-29	Technical LXX coinage for "the continual [offering]" — used in Numbers

The LXX handles tamid as a phrase (dia pantos) rather than a single lexeme. In cultic contexts it often translates the full expression (e.g., "the continual burnt offering" → "the whole burnt offering of continuance"), making the sacrificial referent explicit where Hebrew uses tamid elliptically.

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H2398-chata.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2398-chata.md

H2398 — חָטָא (châṭâʼ)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H2398
Original: חָטָא
Transliteration: châṭâʼ
Pronunciation: khaw-taw'
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Root: Primitive root — properly "to miss" (a mark or path); hence to sin, forfeit, purify
Occurrences: 220 unique verses (292 tokens) across 27 books
First Occurrence: Gen 20:6 — "I also withheld thee from sinning (châṭâʼ) against me"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn: — bear the blame, cleanse, commit (sin), by fault, harm he hath done, loss, miss, (make) offend(-er), offer for sin, purge, purify (self), make reconciliation, (cause, make) sin(-ful, -ness), trespass.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
sin / sinned / sinneth / sinning (all forms)	~155	~70%
made [Israel to] sin (Hiphil)	~20	~9%
purify / purified / cleanse / cleansing	~15	~7%
offend / offended	~6	~3%
bear the blame / fault	~4	~2%
miss	1	0.5%
sinner	~6	~3%
reconciliation	1	0.5%
loss (bare the loss)	1	0.5%
Other	~11	~5%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Ecclesiastes	7	3.2
Leviticus	27	3.1
2 Kings	18	2.5
1 Kings	18	2.2
Hosea	4	2.0
Lamentations	3	1.9
1 Samuel	12	1.5
Numbers	17	1.3
Job	12	1.1
Ezekiel	14	1.1
Daniel	4	1.1
Jeremiah	13	1.0
Nehemiah	4	1.0
2 Chronicles	7	0.9
Exodus	10	0.8
Proverbs	6	0.7
2 Samuel	4	0.6
Judges	4	0.6
Deuteronomy	6	0.6
Genesis	8	0.5
Isaiah	6	0.5
Psalms	9	0.4
Joshua	2	0.3
1 Chronicles	2	0.2
Zephaniah	1	1.9
Habakkuk	1	1.8
Micah	1	1.0

Highest density in Ecclesiastes and Leviticus. The Kings/Chronicles cluster reflects the Jeroboam "made Israel to sin" Hiphil formula. The Levitical concentration reflects both sin-offering legislation and Piel purification procedures. Absent from Ruth, Esther, Song of Solomon, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Nahum, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.

Semantic Categories¶

1. To Sin — Moral Transgression Against God¶

The dominant usage. The verb denotes violation of God's commands or covenant relationship. - Gen 39:9 — "how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin (châṭâʼ) against God?" - Exo 20:20 — "that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin (châṭâʼ) not" - 1 Ki 8:46 — "If they sin (châṭâʼ) against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth not)" - Ecc 7:20 — "there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth (châṭâʼ) not"

2. Confession of Sin — "I/We Have Sinned"¶

A recurring penitential formula, especially in Qal perfect first-person forms. - Exo 9:27 — "Pharaoh said... I have sinned (châṭâʼ) this time: the LORD is righteous" - Num 21:7 — "the people came to Moses, and said, We have sinned (châṭâʼ)" - 2 Sam 12:13 — "David said unto Nathan, I have sinned (châṭâʼ) against the LORD" - Dan 9:5 — "We have sinned (châṭâʼ), and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly"

3. To Cause to Sin — Hiphil Causative¶

Almost exclusively used of Jeroboam and the kings of the northern kingdom. - 1 Ki 14:16 — "Jeroboam, who did sin, and who made Israel to sin (hechĕṭîʼ)" - 1 Ki 15:30 — "the sins of Jeroboam... which he made Israel sin (hechĕṭîʼ)" - 2 Ki 3:3 — "the sins of Jeroboam... which made Israel to sin (hechĕṭîʼ)" - 2 Ki 21:11 — "Manasseh... hath made Judah also to sin (hechĕṭîʼ) with his idols"

4. To Purify / Cleanse — Piel Intensive¶

The Piel stem reverses the Qal meaning: instead of "to sin," it means "to un-sin," i.e., to remove sin, purify, or perform the purification ritual. This is the key semantic bridge to H2403 chattaʼah as "purification offering." - Exo 29:36 — "thou shalt cleanse (chiṭṭêʼtâ, Piel) the altar, when thou hast made an atonement for it" - Lev 8:15 — "Moses took the blood... and purified (yᵉchaṭṭêʼ, Piel) the altar" - Psa 51:7 — "Purge me (tᵉchaṭṭᵉʼênî, Piel) with hyssop, and I shall be clean" - Eze 43:20 — "thus shalt thou cleanse (chiṭṭêʼtâ, Piel) and purge it"

5. To Purify Oneself — Hithpael Reflexive¶

Used exclusively in Numbers for ritual purification from corpse contamination. - Num 19:12 — "He shall purify himself (yitchaṭṭâʼ, Hithpael) with it on the third day" - Num 19:20 — "the man that shall be unclean, and shall not purify himself (yitchaṭṭâʼ)" - Num 31:19 — "purify (titchaṭṭᵉʼû, Hithpael) both yourselves and your captives"

6. To Miss the Mark — Literal / Physical Sense¶

The root meaning preserved in a single occurrence. - Judg 20:16 — "every one could sling stones at an hair breadth, and not miss (yachăṭîʼ, Hiphil)"

7. To Bear Loss / Forfeit¶

A secondary Qal sense: to incur penalty or loss through failure. - Gen 31:39 — "I bare the loss of it (ʼăchaṭṭennâh); of my hand didst thou require it" - Gen 43:9 — "if I bring him not unto thee... then I shall bear the blame (châṭâʼtî)"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh)	H2403	51x (23%)	Verb + cognate noun: "sinned a sin" or sin-offering context
עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh)	H6213	59x (27%)	"Done" — describes the sinful deed committed
יְהֹוָה (Yᵉhôvâh)	H3068	80x (36%)	"Sinned against the LORD" — covenantal framework
יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrâʼêl)	H3478	43x (20%)	"Made Israel to sin" — Jeroboam formula
יָרׇבְעָם (Yârobʻâm)	H3379	21x (10%)	Jeroboam as archetype of causing national sin
נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh)	H5315	24x (11%)	"If a soul sin" — Levitical sin-offering formula
רַע (raʻ)	H7451	23x (10%)	"Evil" — characterizing the nature of the sin

Word Family / Cognates¶

H2399 חֵטְא (chêṭʼ) — noun: a crime or its penalty; "fault, grievousness, sin" (12v)
H2400 חַטָּא (chaṭṭâʼ) — adjective: sinful, sinner (19v)
H2401 חֲטָאָה (chăṭâʼâh) — noun: an offence, or a sacrifice for it (8v)
H2402 חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh) — Aramaic noun: sin offering (1v, Ezra 6:17)
H2403 חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh) — noun: sin, sin offering, purification offering (182v). The most important derivative — carries forward the verb's Piel "purification" sense into the noun's dual meaning of both "sin" and "sin/purification offering."
H2408 חֲטִי (chăṭîy) — Aramaic noun: sin (1v, Dan 4:27)

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh)	H2403	"sin" / "sin offering"	H2403 is the cognate noun — the act or state of sin, or the sacrifice that addresses it; H2398 is the verbal action
חֵטְא (chêṭʼ)	H2399	"sin" / "fault"	H2399 emphasizes the crime itself or its penalty; H2398 is the act of committing it
עָוֹן (ʻâvôn)	H5771	both describe wrongdoing	H5771 = iniquity/guilt (crookedness, perversity); H2398 = missing the mark/standard
פֶּשַׁע (peshaʻ)	H6588	both describe wrongdoing	H6588 = rebellion/transgression (willful revolt); H2398 = broader term including inadvertent sin
אָשַׁם (ʼâsham)	H816	"be guilty" / "offend"	H816 = incur guilt/liability requiring restitution; H2398 = the act of sinning itself

Synonyms (from SDBH)¶

H4775 מָרַד (mârad) — rebel
H5753 עָוָה (ʻâvâh) — do iniquity, pervert
H7561 רָשַׁע (râshaʻ) — be wicked, act wickedly

Antonyms¶

"Do good" (ʻâsâh ṭôwb) — the opposite action

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI	Notes
ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō)	G264	151	6.45	Primary equivalent — "to sin, miss the mark"
ἁμαρτία (hamartia)	G266	62	4.14	Noun form used where LXX nominalizes the Hebrew verb
ἀδικέω (adikeō)	G91	10	4.29	"To do wrong" — used for the "offend" sense
πονηρός (ponēros)	G4190	20	2.91	"Evil" — characterizing the sinner
ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi)	G868	13	3.31	"To depart" — for the apostasy sense

The dominant LXX bridge is ἁμαρτάνω (G264) with 151 co-occurrences and the highest PMI score (6.45). This is an exceptionally strong one-to-one correspondence, establishing the primary OT-to-NT semantic link for the concept of sinning.

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H5564-camak.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5564-camak.md

H5564 — סָמַךְ (samak)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H5564
Original: סָמַךְ
Transliteration: samak (çâmak)
Pronunciation: saw-mak'
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Occurrences: 47 unique verses (63 tokens) across 13 books
First Occurrence: Gen 27:37 — "Behold, I have made him thy lord, and all his brethren have I given to him for servants; and with corn and wine have I sustained him"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to prop (literally or figuratively); reflexively, to lean upon or take hold of (in a favorable or unfavorable sense): bear up, establish, (up-)hold, lay, lean, lie hard, put, rest self, set self, stand fast, stay (self), sustain.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
lay / laid (hands)	20	43%
put (hands)	5	11%
uphold / upholdeth / upheld	7	15%
sustain / sustained	3	6%
lean / leaned	3	6%
stay / stayed	3	6%
stand fast	1	2%
established	1	2%
holden up	1	2%
lieth hard	1	2%
rest	1	2%
set (himself)	1	2%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Leviticus	14	1.63
Psalms	11	0.45
Isaiah	5	0.39
Numbers	4	0.31
Exodus	3	0.25
2 Chronicles	2	0.24
Ezekiel	2	0.16
Genesis	1	0.07
Deuteronomy	1	0.10
Judges	1	0.16
2 Kings	1	0.14
Song of Solomon	1	0.85
Amos	1	0.68

Leviticus dominates with 30% of all occurrences and the highest density (1.63/100v), reflecting the word's central role in sacrificial procedure. Psalms has the next highest count (11 occurrences) but at lower density, representing the metaphorical "uphold/sustain" usage. The word is absent from the Prophets apart from Isaiah (metaphorical support) and Ezekiel (political/military support).

Semantic Categories¶

1. Laying Hands on Sacrificial Animals (Identification/Transfer)¶

Lev 1:4 — "And he shall put his hand upon the head of the burnt offering; and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for him"
Lev 4:29 — "And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering"
Lev 16:21 — "And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel"
2 Chr 29:23 — "And they brought forth the he goats for the sin offering before the king and the congregation; and they laid their hands upon them"

This is the dominant usage (20+ occurrences). The fixed formula is samak + yad (hand) + rosh (head) + sacrificial animal. Lev 16:21 is distinctive: both hands are laid on, and verbal confession accompanies the gesture.

2. Commissioning / Ordination by Hand-Laying¶

Num 27:18 — "Take thee Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the spirit, and lay thine hand upon him"
Num 27:23 — "And he laid his hands upon him, and gave him a charge, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses"
Deut 34:9 — "And Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom; for Moses had laid his hands upon him"

The same physical gesture applied to persons rather than animals — transfer of authority and empowerment for office.

3. Divine Sustaining / Upholding¶

Psa 37:17 — "For the arms of the wicked shall be broken: but the LORD upholdeth the righteous"
Psa 37:24 — "Though he fall, he shall not be utterly cast down: for the LORD upholdeth him with his hand"
Psa 145:14 — "The LORD upholdeth all that fall, and raiseth up all those that be bowed down"
Psa 3:5 — "I laid me down and slept; I awaked; for the LORD sustained me"

The Qal Participle somek becomes a characteristic divine attribute in Psalms — God as the one who props up, sustains, and prevents collapse.

4. Human Leaning / Physical Support¶

Judg 16:29 — "And Samson took hold of the two middle pillars upon which the house stood, and on which it was borne up"
2 Ki 18:21 — "thou trustest upon the staff of this bruised reed, even upon Egypt, on which if a man lean, it will go into his hand"
Amos 5:19 — "or went into the house, and leaned his hand on the wall, and a serpent bit him"

Physical leaning or propping — the literal sense from which the other uses derive.

5. Petition for God's Support¶

Psa 51:12 — "Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation; and uphold me with thy free spirit"
Psa 119:116 — "Uphold me according unto thy word, that I may live"
Song 2:5 — "Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples: for I am sick of love"

Imperative/jussive forms requesting sustenance or support.

6. Figurative Firmness / Establishment¶

Isa 26:3 — "Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee"
Psa 111:8 — "They stand fast for ever and ever, and are done in truth and uprightness"
Psa 112:8 — "His heart is established, he shall not be afraid"

The Qal Passive Participle samuk describes a settled, firm, established state — applied to God's precepts, to the trusting mind, and to the steadfast heart.

7. Military/Political Upholding¶

Isa 59:16 — "therefore his arm brought salvation unto him; and his righteousness, it sustained him"
Isa 63:5 — "And I looked, and there was none to help; and I wondered that there was none to uphold"
Eze 30:6 — "They also that uphold Egypt shall fall"

Political alliances and military support described as "propping up" — with the theological point that such human support fails.

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
יָד (yad)	H3027	25x (53%)	"lay his hand" — the hand that is laid
רֹאשׁ (rosh)	H7218	18x (38%)	"upon the head" — target of the laying
בֵּן (ben)	H1121	15x (32%)	"sons of Aaron/Israel" — those performing the act
יְהֹוָה (YHWH)	H3068	15x (32%)	"before the LORD" — location/witness of the act
אַהֲרוֹן (Aaron)	H175	10x (21%)	Aaron as performer of hand-laying
שָׁחַט (shachat)	H7819	8x (17%)	"lay hand... and kill" — the sacrificial sequence
חַטָּאָה (chattaah)	H2403	7x (15%)	"sin offering" — the offering type
עֹלָה (olah)	H5930	6x (13%)	"burnt offering" — the offering type
אֹהֶל (ohel)	H168	5x (11%)	"tabernacle of the congregation" — location
מוֹעֵד (moed)	H4150	5x (11%)	"tent of meeting" — location
פַּר (par)	H6499	5x (11%)	"bullock" — the animal receiving the hand

The dominant collocation pattern is the sacrificial formula: samak + yad + rosh + animal + shachat — "lay hand upon head... and kill."

Synonym¶

H7502 רָפַד (raphad) — to spread, support (SDBH synonym; very rare, 2v)

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
תָּמַךְ (tamak)	H8551	both "uphold/sustain"	tamak = grasp and hold firmly; samak = prop up, lean support against
שָׁעַן (shaan)	H8172	both "lean"	shaan = lean/recline for rest; samak = lean with pressure/weight
נָתַן (nathan)	H5414	both "put" (hands)	nathan = general giving/placing; samak is the specific ritual term for hand-laying

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrence	PMI Score	Notes
ἐπιτίθημι (epitithemi) G2007	23x	18.14	Primary — "to place upon"; the ritual hand-laying verb
κεφαλή (kephale) G2776	18x	14.28	"head" — co-translation of the target noun rosh
στηρίζω (sterizo) G4741	6x	12.71	"to set fast, establish" — for the "sustain/uphold" sense
ἐπιστηρίζω (episterizo) G1991	4x	12.51	"to support further" — intensified form of sterizo
ἀντιλαμβάνομαι (antilambanomai) G482	5x	10.72	"to take hold of, help" — for the "support" sense
χείρ (cheir) G5495	27x	10.80	"hand" — co-translation of the accompanying noun yad

The LXX splits samak's semantic range: epitithemi for the ritual hand-laying, sterizo/episterizo for the sustaining/establishing sense, and antilambanomai for the helping/supporting sense.

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

H3034-yadah.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3034-yadah.md

H3034 — יָדָה (yadah)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H3034
Original: יָדָה
Transliteration: yadah
Pronunciation: yaw-daw
Part of Speech: Verb (primitive root)
Root: Denominative from יָד (yad, H3027) — the hand; literally "to use/extend the hand"
Occurrences: 111 unique verses (136 tokens)
First Occurrence: Gen 29:35 — "Now will I praise the LORD: therefore she called his name Judah"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; used only as denominative from yad (H3027); literally, to use (i.e. hold out) the hand; physically, to throw (a stone, an arrow) at or away; especially to revere or worship (with extended hands); intensively, to bemoan (by wringing the hands): — cast (out), (make) confess(-ion), praise, shoot, (give) thank(-ful, -s, -sgiving).

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Stem	Count	Typical Meaning
Hiphil	~113	praise, give thanks, acknowledge (dominant stem)
Hithpael	~10	confess (sins), make confession (reflexive)
Qal	1	shoot, cast (Jer 50:14)
Piel	1	cast, shoot (Lam 3:53)

The Hiphil is overwhelmingly dominant (~90% of all occurrences), carrying the praise/thanksgiving meaning. The Hithpael is restricted to confession contexts. The Qal and Piel are rare physical senses ("throw/shoot").

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
praise (various forms)	~55	50%
give thanks / thanksgiving	~30	27%
confess / confession	~15	14%
shoot / cast	3	3%
Other	~8	7%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Psalms	64	2.6
1 Chronicles	9	1.0
2 Chronicles	8	1.0
Nehemiah	6	1.5
Isaiah	5	0.4
Leviticus	3	0.3
Genesis	2	0.1
Daniel	2	0.6
Ezra	2	0.7
Jeremiah	2	0.1
1 Kings	2	0.2
2 Samuel	1	0.1
Numbers	1	0.1
Job	1	0.1
Proverbs	1	0.1
Lamentations	1	0.6
Zechariah	1	0.5

Heavily concentrated in Psalms (58% of all occurrences). Chronicles and Nehemiah reflect Levitical worship. The confession sense clusters in Torah (Lev, Num), Daniel, Nehemiah, and Ezra — all penitential-liturgical contexts.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Praise and Thanksgiving to God (Hiphil — dominant usage)¶

Psalm 136:1 — "O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever."
Psalm 9:1 — "I will praise thee, O LORD, with my whole heart; I will shew forth all thy marvellous works."
Psalm 138:1 — "I will praise thee with my whole heart: before the gods will I sing praise unto thee."
1 Chr 16:8 — "Give thanks unto the LORD, call upon his name, make known his deeds among the people."

2. Confession of Sin (Hithpael — reflexive)¶

Lev 16:21 — "And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins."
Lev 5:5 — "He shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing."
Num 5:7 — "Then they shall confess their sin which they have done."
Dan 9:4 — "And I prayed unto the LORD my God, and made my confession."

3. Communal / National Confession (Hithpael)¶

Neh 9:2 — "And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all strangers, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers."
Neh 1:6 — "Confess the sins of the children of Israel, which we have sinned against thee."
Lev 26:40 — "If they shall confess their iniquity, and the iniquity of their fathers."
Ezra 10:1 — "Now when Ezra had prayed, and when he had confessed, weeping and casting himself down before the house of God."

4. Liturgical / Levitical Worship (Hiphil — organized praise)¶

1 Chr 16:4 — "He appointed certain of the Levites to minister before the ark of the LORD, and to record, and to thank and praise the LORD God of Israel."
1 Chr 23:30 — "And to stand every morning to thank and praise the LORD, and likewise at even."
2 Chr 5:13 — "As the trumpeters and singers were as one, to make one sound to be heard in praising and thanking the LORD."
Neh 12:46 — "In the days of David and Asaph of old there were chief of the singers, and songs of praise and thanksgiving unto God."

5. Personal Acknowledgment / Vow (Hiphil)¶

Gen 29:35 — "Now will I praise the LORD: therefore she called his name Judah" (naming linked to yadah)
Psalm 32:5 — "I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the LORD; and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin."
Pro 28:13 — "He that covereth his sins shall not prosper: but whoso confesseth and forsaketh them shall have mercy."
Job 40:14 — "Then will I also confess unto thee that thine own right hand can save thee."

6. The Dead Cannot Praise (Hiphil — negative)¶

Psalm 6:5 — "For in death there is no remembrance of thee: in the grave who shall give thee thanks?"
Psalm 88:10 — "Wilt thou shew wonders to the dead? shall the dead arise and praise thee?"
Isa 38:18 — "For the grave cannot praise thee, death can not celebrate thee."

7. Physical Casting / Shooting (Qal/Piel — rare)¶

Jer 50:14 — "All ye that bend the bow, shoot at her, spare no arrows."
Lam 3:53 — "They have cut off my life in the dungeon, and cast a stone upon me."
Zech 1:21 — "These are come to fray them, to cast out the horns of the Gentiles."

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
יְהֹוָה (Yehovah)	H3068	53x	"Give thanks unto the LORD" / "praise the LORD"
שֵׁם (shem)	H8034	29x	"praise/give thanks unto thy name"
אֱלֹהִים (elohiym)	H430	26x	"praise thee, O God"
חֶסֶד (chesed)	H2617	22x	"for his mercy endureth for ever" (refrain formula)
עוֹלָם (owlam)	H5769	22x	"for ever" — paired with chesed in formulaic praise
הָלַל (halal)	H1984	16x	Paired praise verbs in liturgical texts
עַם (am)	H5971	16x	"let the people praise thee"
טוֹב (towb)	H2896	14x	"for he is good" — follows "give thanks"
זָמַר (zamar)	H2167	11x	"sing praises and give thanks"
חַטָּאָה (chattaah)	H2403	8x	"confess sin" — Hithpael confession contexts
פָּלַל (palal)	H6419	8x	"pray and confess" — penitential pairing

Synonyms¶

H1984 הָלַל (halal) — praise, celebrate (more exuberant, often with instruments)
H2167 זָמַר (zamar) — sing praise, make music (musical performance emphasis)
H7623 שָׁבַח (shabach) — praise, commend (address in a loud tone)
H2603 חָנַן (chanan) — be gracious, show favor
H6419 פָּלַל (palal) — pray, intercede
H2142 זָכַר (zakar) — remember, mention

Antonyms¶

H3451 נָשָׂא (nasa) — desolation, ruin

Word Family / Cognates¶

H3027 יָד (yad) — hand (denominative source: yadah = to extend the hand)
H8426 תּוֹדָה (towdah) — thanksgiving, confession, praise offering (derived noun)
H3063 יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) — Judah (the name derived from yadah — Gen 29:35)
H3034 → H3032 יָדַד (yadad) — adjacent in Strong's numbering

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
הָלַל (halal)	H1984	"praise"	halal = exuberant/boisterous praise, often communal with instruments; yadah = thankful acknowledgment, often personal and directed
שָׁבַח (shabach)	H7623	"praise"	shabach = to laud/commend loudly; yadah = to acknowledge/thank with extended hands

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrence	PMI Score	Notes
ἐξομολογέω (exomologeo) G1843	78x	33.14	Primary equivalent — "acknowledge, confess, give thanks"
αἰνέω (aineo) G134	18x	16.10	"praise God"
ψάλλω (psallo) G5567	11x	14.02	"sing psalms"

The LXX strongly maps yadah to exomologeo (G1843), which carries the same dual range: confession of sin and acknowledgment/praise of God.

H817-asham.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H817-asham.md

H817 — אָשָׁם (ʼasham)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H817
Original: אָשָׁם
Transliteration: ʼâshâm
Pronunciation: aw-shawm
Part of Speech: Masculine noun
Root: אָשַׁם (ʼasham, H816) — primitive root verb: to be guilty, offend, trespass
Occurrences: 41 unique verses (47 tokens) across 10 books
First Occurrence: Gen 26:10 — "thou shouldest have brought guiltiness (ʼasham) upon us"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From H816; guilt; by implication, a fault; also a sin-offering: — guiltiness, (offering for) sin, trespass (offering).

Word Family / Cognates¶

H816 אָשַׁם (ʼasham) — root verb: to be guilty, offend, trespass (32v)
H818 אָשֵׁם (ʼashem) — adjective: guilty, one who is guilty
H819 אַשְׁמָה (ʼashmah) — feminine noun: guilt, guiltiness, offense

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
trespass offering (all forms)	33	80.5%
trespass (abstract guilt/restitution)	5	12.2%
guiltiness	1	2.4%
offering for sin	1	2.4%
sin (at/with sin)	2	4.9%

Note: The KJV renders this single word both as "trespass offering" (the sacrificial ritual) and as abstract "trespass/guiltiness/sin" (the guilt state), reflecting the dual nature of the noun.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Leviticus	23	2.7
1 Samuel	4	0.5
Numbers	4	0.3
Ezekiel	4	0.3
Genesis	1	0.1
2 Kings	1	0.1
Proverbs	1	0.1
Isaiah	1	0.1
Jeremiah	1	0.1
Psalms	1	0.0

Heavily concentrated in Levitical sacrificial legislation (56% of all occurrences). Leviticus 5–7 and 14 account for the bulk. Outside the Pentateuch, usage shifts toward the abstract guilt sense (Proverbs, Isaiah, Jeremiah) or applies the sacrificial concept in narrative (1 Samuel 6, Philistines) and eschatological temple (Ezekiel 40–46).

Semantic Categories¶

1. The Trespass/Guilt Offering as Ritual Sacrifice¶

The dominant usage — the ʼasham as a specific sacrificial animal brought to the priest for atonement of guilt, distinct from the sin offering (chaṭṭaʼah). - Lev 5:18 — "he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass offering (ʼasham)" - Lev 7:1 — "this is the law of the trespass offering (ʼasham): it is most holy" - Lev 14:12 — "the priest shall take one he lamb, and offer him for a trespass offering (ʼasham)" - Lev 19:21 — "he shall bring his trespass offering (ʼasham) unto the LORD"

2. The Guilt/Liability State¶

Abstract sense — the condition of being guilty, the liability incurred by transgression. Here ʼasham refers not to the offering but to the guilt itself. - Gen 26:10 — "thou shouldest have brought guiltiness (ʼasham) upon us" — guilt as social liability - Jer 51:5 — "their land was filled with sin (ʼasham) against the Holy One of Israel" - Pro 14:9 — "Fools make a mock at sin (ʼasham)"

3. Restitution/Compensation for Trespass¶

The ʼasham as the required recompense — the debt owed. Numbers 5 uses it for the principal plus one-fifth penalty that must be paid. - Num 5:7 — "he shall recompense his trespass (ʼasham) with the principal thereof, and add unto it the fifth part" - Num 5:8 — "let the trespass (ʼasham) be recompensed unto the LORD" - 2 Ki 12:16 — "the trespass money and sin money was not brought into the house of the LORD"

4. Non-Israelite/Pagan Use of the Concept¶

The Philistines recognize the need for an ʼasham to appease Israel's God after capturing the ark. - 1 Sam 6:3 — "return him a trespass offering (ʼasham): then ye shall be healed" - 1 Sam 6:4 — "What shall be the trespass offering (ʼasham) which we shall return to him?" - 1 Sam 6:17 — "the golden emerods which the Philistines returned for a trespass offering (ʼasham)"

5. The ʼasham as Vicarious/Substitutionary Offering¶

The singular prophetic application where a person's soul is made the ʼasham. - Isa 53:10 — "when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin (ʼasham), he shall see his seed"

6. Eschatological Temple Provision¶

Ezekiel's future temple vision includes the ʼasham alongside other offerings, showing its enduring place in the sacrificial system. - Eze 40:39 — "two tables on this side... to slay thereon the burnt offering and the sin offering and the trespass offering (ʼasham)" - Eze 42:13 — "there shall they lay the most holy things, and the meat offering, and the sin offering, and the trespass offering (ʼasham)" - Eze 46:20 — "the place where the priests shall boil the trespass offering (ʼasham) and the sin offering"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
כֹּהֵן (kohen)	H3548	18x (44%)	"the priest" officiates the ʼasham ritual
חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭaʼah)	H2403	13x (32%)	ʼasham paired with sin offering in ritual lists
בּוֹא (boʼ)	H935	9x (22%)	"bring" the ʼasham to the LORD
נָתַן (nathan)	H5414	8x (20%)	"give" restitution or present the offering
כָּפַר (kaphar)	H3722	7x (17%)	"make atonement" with the ʼasham
אַיִל (ʼayil)	H352	7x (17%)	"a ram" — the standard ʼasham animal
קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh)	H6944	7x (17%)	"most holy" — status designation for the ʼasham
כֶּבֶשׂ (kebes)	H3532	6x (15%)	"a lamb" — alternative ʼasham animal
מִנְחָה (minchah)	H4503	6x (15%)	"meat/grain offering" listed alongside ʼasham

Synonyms (from SDBH semantic domain)¶

H2403 חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭaʼah) — sin / sin offering. The broader category of sin offering for purification. The chaṭṭaʼah addresses defilement; the ʼasham addresses liability/debt.
H2399 חֵטְא (cheṭʼ) — sin, offense
H2398 חטא (chaṭaʼ) — to sin, miss the mark
H801 אִשֶּׁה (ʼishsheh) — offering made by fire (broader sacrificial term)

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
מַעַל (maʻal)	H4604	"trespass"	maʻal = treachery/unfaithfulness, emphasizes breach of trust; ʼasham = guilt-debt requiring restitution
חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭaʼah)	H2403	"sin offering"	chaṭṭaʼah = purification offering addressing ritual contamination; ʼasham = guilt offering addressing specific liability with required restitution
עָוֺן (ʻavon)	H5771	"sin/iniquity"	ʻavon = iniquity/moral crookedness; ʼasham = guilt-debt, the obligation incurred
פֶּשַׁע (peshaʻ)	H6588	"trespass"	peshaʻ = willful rebellion/transgression; ʼasham = the resulting guilt-liability

Semantic Domains¶

Guilty [002003003014]: H816 ʼasham (verb), H818 ʼashem (adj), H819 ʼashmah (noun), H2398 chaṭaʼ, H2399 cheṭʼ, H2400 chaṭṭaʼ
Sacrifice [002003002020]: H801 ʼishsheh, H818 ʼashem, H819 ʼashmah, A1684/A1685 dᵉbach, H2076 zabach

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
ἄγνοια (ágnoia) G52	6	16.03	"ignorance" — captures the unwitting-trespass context
ἁμαρτία (hamartía) G266	15	12.48	"sin" — generic rendering loses the guilt-offering specificity
βάσανος (básanos) G931	4	12.32	"torment/testing" — a surprising rendering in some contexts
ἱερεύς (hiereús) G2409	17	11.11	"priest" — co-occurs in ritual contexts, not a direct translation
ἀμνός (amnós) G286	6	10.13	"lamb" — the sacrificial animal, not the guilt concept

Note: The LXX has no single consistent equivalent for ʼasham. The guilt-offering concept is rendered variably — sometimes by the abstract πλημμέλεια (plēmmeleia, "error/transgression," not in KJV Strong's) in Leviticus ritual texts, sometimes absorbed into ἁμαρτία. This fragmentation means the Hebrew ʼasham's unique guilt-plus-offering duality is largely lost in Greek translation.

H6663-tsadaq.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6663-tsadaq.md

H6663 — צָדַק (tsadaq)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: H6663
Original: צָדַק
Transliteration: tsadaq
Pronunciation: tsaw-dak'
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: Primitive root (צדק family)
Occurrences: 41 in OT (54 translation entries in KJV due to multi-word renderings)
First Occurrence: Gen 38:26 — "She hath been more righteous (tsadaq) than I"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primitive root; to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral or forensic sense):—cleanse, clear self, (be, do) just(-ice, -ify, -ify self), (be, turn to) righteous(-ness).

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Core Translation	Approx. Count	Notes
justify / justified / justifieth	~20	Most common rendering across all stems
righteous / be righteous	~11	Qal: intrinsic state of being right
just / be just	~8	Qal: moral standing before God
justice / do justice	~3	Hiphil: act of rendering a just verdict
clear / cleansed	~3	Includes Dan 8:14 "be cleansed" (Niphal)
to righteousness	1	Dan 12:3 Hiphil ptcp: "turn many to righteousness"

Note: KJV often renders as full phrases ("shall be justified," "He that justifieth"), producing 45 unique translation strings for 54 total entries.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Job	23	2.1
Isaiah	8	0.6
Psalms	5	0.2
Daniel	4	1.1
Genesis	3	0.2
Ezekiel	3	0.2
Exodus	2	0.2
Deuteronomy	1	0.1
2 Samuel	1	0.1
1 Kings	1	0.1
2 Chronicles	1	0.1
Proverbs	1	0.1
Jeremiah	1	0.1

Job dominates with 56% of all occurrences (23/41), reflecting its sustained exploration of whether a mortal can be righteous before God. Wisdom and prophetic literature account for 90% of usage. The word is absent from the Pentateuch after Deuteronomy and from all post-exilic historical books.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Being Righteous Before God (Qal — intrinsic standing)¶

Job 4:17 — "Shall mortal man be more just (tsadaq) than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker?"
Job 9:2 — "how should man be just (tsadaq) with God?"
Job 25:4 — "How then can man be justified (tsadaq) with God?"
Psalm 143:2 — "in thy sight shall no man living be justified (tsadaq)"

2. Declaring Righteous / Judicial Acquittal (Hiphil — forensic declaration)¶

Exodus 23:7 — "I will not justify (tsadaq) the wicked"
Deuteronomy 25:1 — "they shall justify (tsadaq) the righteous, and condemn the wicked"
1 Kings 8:32 — "justifying (tsadaq) the righteous, to give him according to his righteousness"
Proverbs 17:15 — "He that justifieth (tsadaq) the wicked, and he that condemneth the just, even they both are abomination to the LORD"

3. Proving/Showing Oneself Right (Piel, Hithpael — demonstrative/reflexive)¶

Genesis 44:16 — "how shall we clear ourselves (tsadaq, Hithpael)?"
Job 32:2 — "he justified (tsadaq, Piel) himself rather than God"
Jeremiah 3:11 — "The backsliding Israel hath justified (tsadaq, Piel) herself more than treacherous Judah"
Ezekiel 16:51-52 — "thou hast justified (tsadaq, Piel) thy sisters in all thine abominations"

4. Being Vindicated / Restored to Right (Niphal — passive)¶

Daniel 8:14 — "then shall the sanctuary be cleansed (tsadaq, Niphal)" — the only Niphal occurrence; KJV renders "cleansed" but the verb is tsadaq, carrying the sense of vindication or restoration to rightness

5. Causing Righteousness in Others (Hiphil participle — causative)¶

Isaiah 53:11 — "by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify (tsadaq, Hiphil) many"
Daniel 12:3 — "they that turn many to righteousness (tsadaq, Hiphil ptcp)"

6. God's Righteousness Affirmed (Qal — God as subject/standard)¶

Psalm 51:4 — "that thou mightest be justified (tsadaq) when thou speakest, and be clear when thou judgest"
Psalm 19:9 — "the judgments of the LORD are true and righteous (tsadaq) altogether"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat)	H4941	8x	forensic context: "judgment" + "justify"
שָׁפַט (shaphat)	H8199	8x	judicial context: "judge" + "justify"
צַדִּיק (tsaddiyq)	H6662	7x	cognate pair: "justify the righteous"
אָמַר (amar)	H559	7x	speech context: declaring one's righteousness
רָשָׁע (rasha')	H7563	6x	antonym: "wicked" contrasted with "justified"
רָשַׁע (rasha')	H7561	6x	antithetical verb: "condemn" vs. "justify"
אֱנוֹשׁ (enosh)	H582	5x	"mortal man" — can a mortal be just before God?
עֶבֶד (eved)	H5650	5x	"servant" — especially Isa 53:11
צְדָקָה (tsedaqah)	H6666	3x	cognate noun: righteousness as quality

Word Family / Cognates¶

H6662 צַדִּיק (tsaddiyq) — adjective: just, righteous (206x)
H6664 צֶדֶק (tsedeq) — masculine noun: righteousness, justice (119x)
H6666 צְדָקָה (tsedaqah) — feminine noun: righteousness (157x)

Synonyms¶

H2135 זָכָה (zakah) — "be clean, be clear, count pure"; overlaps with the vindication / innocence side of tsadaq.
H2891 טָהֵר (taher) — "be pure, cleanse"; neighboring purity term when the verb moves toward acquittal or cleansing.
H8552 תָּמַם (tamam) — "be complete, be upright"; overlaps with blameless completeness.
H571 אֶמֶת (emeth) — "truth, faithfulness"; surfaced by search_relationships.py as a moral-rightness neighbor.
H2889 טָהוֹר (tahor) — "pure, clean"; adjective partner to the purity field surrounding tsadaq.

Antonyms¶

H2398 חָטָא (chata') — "sin, miss the mark"; direct contrast to being or being declared in the right.
H7561 רָשַׁע (rasha') — "be wrong, do wickedly, condemn"; direct forensic and moral opposite to tsadaq.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
טָהֵר (taher)	H2891	"cleanse"	taher = ritual/physical purity; tsadaq = moral/forensic rightness
נָקָה (naqah)	H5352	"clear, acquit"	naqah = declare innocent/exempt from punishment; tsadaq = declare positively righteous
זָכָה (zakah)	H2135	"be clean, be pure"	zakah = moral cleanliness/purity; tsadaq = forensic standing of rightness

KJV overlap: H6662 tsaddiyq (42x "just"), H6664 tsedeq (21x "just"), H6666 tsedaqah (15x "just") — all cognates, distinguished by part of speech rather than meaning.

LXX overlap via G1344: H8199 shaphat (9x → dikaioo), H2135 zakah (3x → dikaioo) — Hebrew distinguishes "judge," "be pure," and "be righteous" but Greek collapses them under δικαιόω.

LXX Mapping¶

Greek Equivalent	Strong's	Frequency	Notes
δικαιόω (dikaioo)	G1344	21x	Primary verbal equivalent — "to justify, declare righteous"
δίκαιος (dikaios)	G1342	22x	Adjective used when Qal describes a state: "righteous"
κρίνω (krino)	G2919	8x	"to judge" — when tsadaq appears in judicial contexts
ἄμεμπτος (amemptos)	G273	4x	"blameless" — broadens to general moral approval

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

G399-anaphero.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G399-anaphero.md

G399 — ἀναφέρω (anaphérō)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G399
Original: ἀναφέρω
Transliteration: anaphérō
Pronunciation: an-af-er'-o
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: ἀνά (aná, "up") + φέρω (phérō, "to bear/carry")
Occurrences: 9 unique verses (12 tokens) across 6 NT books
First Occurrence: Matt 17:1 — "And after six days Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into an high mountain apart"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From ἀνά (G303) and φέρω (G5342); to take up (literally or figuratively): bear, bring up, carry up, lead up, offer up.

Semantic Domains¶

Louw-Nida: - Not attested in the Louw-Nida database.

UBS Semantic Domains: - [015] Linear Movement - [053] Religious Activities

Other words in [015]: ἄγω (G71), ἀθροίζω (G4867), αἴρω (G142), ἀκολουθέω (G190), ἅλλομαι (G242), ἀναβαίνω (G305)

Other words in [053]: ἁγιάζω (G37), ἁγιασμός (G38), ἅγιος (G40), ἁγιωσύνη (G42), ἁγνίζω (G48), ἁγνισμός (G49)

Morphological Distribution¶

Form	Parsing	Count	Occurrences
ἀναφέρει	Pres Act Ind 3S	2	Matt 17:1, Mark 9:2
ἀνεφέρετο	Impf Pass Ind 3S	1	Luke 24:51
ἀναφέρειν	Pres Act Inf	1	Heb 7:27a
ἀνενέγκας	Aor Act Ptcp NSM	2	Heb 7:27b, Jas 2:21
ἀνενεγκεῖν	Aor Act Inf	1	Heb 9:28
ἀναφέρωμεν	Pres Act Subj 1P	1	Heb 13:15
ἀνενέγκαι	Aor Act Inf	1	1 Pet 2:5
ἀνήνεγκεν	Aor Act Ind 3S	1	1 Pet 2:24

Active voice dominates (11 of 12 tokens). The single passive occurrence (Luke 24:51) describes Jesus being carried up into heaven. Aorist forms cluster in sacrificial/offering contexts (Hebrews, James, 1 Peter); present forms appear in the literal "lead up" usage (Synoptics) and the hortatory subjunctive (Heb 13:15).

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
offer up	2	22%
up (with another verb)	2	22%
bare	1	11%
bear	1	11%
bringeth	1	11%
carried up	1	11%
leadeth	1	11%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
1 Peter	2	1.9
Hebrews	3	1.0
James	1	0.9
Matthew	1	0.1
Mark	1	0.1
Luke	1	0.1

Hebrews accounts for one-third of all uses. The epistolary concentration (Hebrews, 1 Peter, James) is entirely sacrificial/theological; the Synoptic uses are all literal spatial movement upward.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Offer Up Sacrifice¶

The dominant NT sense — presenting an offering to God, whether literal or figurative.

Heb 7:27 — "Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself."
Heb 13:15 — "By him therefore let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of our lips giving thanks to his name."
1 Pet 2:5 — "Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ."
Jas 2:21 — "Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar?"

2. Bear / Carry Sin¶

Vicarious sin-bearing — taking upon oneself the sins of others, language drawn from Isa 53.

Heb 9:28 — "So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation."
1 Pet 2:24 — "Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed."

3. Lead / Carry Upward (Literal Spatial Movement)¶

Physical upward motion — leading someone up a mountain or being taken up into heaven.

Matt 17:1 — "And after six days Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into an high mountain apart"
Mark 9:2 — "And after six days Jesus taketh with him Peter, and James, and John, and leadeth them up into an high mountain apart by themselves"
Luke 24:51 — "And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven."

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
ἁμαρτία (hamartia)	G266	3x (33%)	"offer up for sins" / "bear sins" — sin as object of sacrificial action
θυσία (thysia)	G2378	3x (33%)	"offer up sacrifice" — thysia as the direct object being offered
Ἰησοῦς (Iesous)	G2424	3x (33%)	Jesus as subject — he is the one who offers/bears
ὄρος (oros)	G3735	2x (22%)	"up into a high mountain" — literal upward destination
ὑψηλός (hypselos)	G5308	2x (22%)	"high mountain" — modifying the upward destination

Word Family / Cognates¶

G5342 φέρω (phérō) — root verb: to bear, carry, bring
G4374 προσφέρω (prosphérō) — to bring to, present, offer (the more common NT offering verb, 45v)
G1627 ἐκφέρω (ekphérō) — to carry out
G4393 προφέρω (prophérō) — to bring forth
G1533 εἰσφέρω (eisphérō) — to bring in

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
προσφέρω (prosphérō)	G4374	"offer"	prosphérō = bring toward/present to (general offering verb, 45v); anaphérō = bear upward (offering as ascending to God, or bearing sin vicariously, 9v)
φέρω (phérō)	G5342	"bear, bring"	phérō = general carrying/bearing; anaphérō adds the directional prefix ἀνά "upward" — either spatially or sacrificially

Hebrew Source¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI Score
עֹלָה (ʻolah)	H5930	57	21.26
עָלָה (ʻalah)	H5927	80	18.01
קָטַר (qatar)	H6999	25	17.27
מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbeach)	H4196	43	16.99
חֶלֶב (cheleb)	H2459	13	13.24
שֶׁלֶם (shelem)	H8002	13	12.54

The primary Hebrew source is עֹלָה (ʻolah, H5930) — the burnt offering, literally "that which goes up." The etymological connection is precise: anaphérō (bear upward) translates ʻolah (ascending offering). The LXX translators chose anaphérō for the upward-ascending nature of the sacrifice consumed entirely by fire.

G129-haima.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G129-haima.md

G129 — αἷμα (haima)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G129
Original: αἷμα
Transliteration: haima
Pronunciation: hah'-ee-mah
Part of Speech: Neuter noun
Root: Of uncertain derivation
Occurrences: 99 tokens in 92 unique verses across 14 NT books
First Occurrence: Matt 16:17 — "flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

Of uncertain derivation; blood, literally (of men or animals), figuratively (the juice of grapes) or specially (the atoning blood of Christ); by implication, bloodshed, also kindred.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
blood	74	80.4%
of blood	8	8.7%
the blood	5	5.4%
from blood	2	2.2%
in blood	1	1.1%
of the blood	1	1.1%
that the blood	1	1.1%
to the blood	1	1.1%
with blood	1	1.1%

Uniformly translated "blood" in every occurrence. Variation is purely syntactic (prepositional phrases), not semantic.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Hebrews	20	6.6
Revelation	17	4.2
1 John	3	2.9
Colossians	2	2.1
Ephesians	3	1.9
1 Peter	2	1.9
Acts	12	1.2
1 Corinthians	4	0.9
Matthew	9	0.8
Romans	3	0.7
Galatians	1	0.7
John	6	0.7
Luke	7	0.6
Mark	3	0.4

Hebrews dominates (6.6/100vv), reflecting its sustained argument about sacrificial blood. Revelation is second (4.2/100vv), where blood appears in both judgment imagery and redemption language. Absent from the Pastoral Epistles, 2 Corinthians, Philippians, 2 Thessalonians, Philemon, James, 2 Peter, 2 John, 3 John, and Jude.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Atoning/Covenant Blood of Christ¶

Matt 26:28 — "this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins"
Eph 1:7 — "In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins"
Heb 9:14 — "How much more shall the blood of Christ... purge your conscience from dead works"
1 Pet 1:19 — "the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot"

2. Sacrificial/Ritual Blood (OT Typology)¶

Heb 9:7 — "the high priest alone once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself"
Heb 9:12 — "Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once"
Heb 9:22 — "almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission"
Heb 10:4 — "it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins"

3. Communion/Eucharistic Blood¶

Mark 14:24 — "This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many"
1 Cor 10:16 — "The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ?"
1 Cor 11:25 — "This cup is the new testament in my blood"
John 6:54 — "Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life"

4. Bloodshed / Violent Death (Metonymy)¶

Matt 23:35 — "all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel"
Acts 22:20 — "when the blood of thy martyr Stephen was shed"
Rev 6:10 — "How long, O Lord... dost thou not judge and avenge our blood"
Rev 17:6 — "the woman drunken with the blood of the saints"

5. "Flesh and Blood" — Human Nature / Mortality¶

Matt 16:17 — "flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven"
1 Cor 15:50 — "flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God"
Eph 6:12 — "we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities"
Heb 2:14 — "as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part"

6. Physical Blood / Bodily Fluid¶

Mark 5:25 — "a certain woman, which had an issue of blood twelve years"
Luke 22:44 — "his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground"
John 19:34 — "forthwith came there out blood and water"
Acts 15:20 — "abstain from... things strangled, and from blood"

7. Eschatological/Judgment Blood¶

Acts 2:19-20 — "blood, and fire, and vapour of smoke: the sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood"
Rev 8:7 — "hail and fire mingled with blood"
Rev 14:20 — "blood came out of the winepress, even unto the horse bridles"
Rev 16:3-4 — "the sea... became as the blood of a dead man... the rivers... became blood"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
σάρξ (sarx)	G4561	11x	"flesh and blood" — human nature idiom
ἐκχέω (ekcheo)	G1632	10x	"shed blood" — violent death or sacrifice
διαθήκη (diatheke)	G1242	8x	"blood of the covenant/testament"
Χριστός (Christos)	G5547	8x	"blood of Christ" — redemptive formula
ἁμαρτία (hamartia)	G266	7x	blood offered/shed for sin
ὕδωρ (hudor)	G5204	7x	"water and blood" — purification pairing
πίνω (pino)	G4095	6x	"drink blood" — communion language
πνεῦμα (pneuma)	G4151	6x	Spirit paired with blood in witness/atonement
ἅγιος (hagios)	G40	5x	"blood of saints" — martyrdom

Word Family / Cognates¶

G130 αἱματεκχυσία (haimatekchysia) — shedding of blood (hapax: Heb 9:22); compound of haima + ekcheo
G131 αἱμοῤῥέω (haimorrheo) — to flow blood, hemorrhage (hapax: Matt 9:20)
G184 Ἀκελδαμά (Akeldama) — "field of blood" (Aramaic loan; Acts 1:19)

Synonyms¶

No close lexical synonyms were identified by search_relationships.py. In NT Greek, αἷμα occupies an unusually exclusive slot and is the only word regularly rendered "blood" in the KJV.

Antonyms¶

No direct antonyms were identified by search_relationships.py.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
דָּם (dam)	H1818	"blood"	Hebrew OT equivalent; same semantic range but includes dietary blood laws absent from NT haima usage

No other NT Greek word is translated "blood" — haima has exclusive domain over this translation.

Hebrew Source¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI Score
דָּם (dam)	H1818	269	34.72
שָׁפַךְ (shaphak)	H8210	48	19.91
זָרַק (zaraq)	H2236	23	18.44
נָקִי (naqiy)	H5355	22	16.90
שָׁחַט (shachat)	H7819	25	15.83
נָזָה (nazah)	H5137	13	14.69

H1818 דָּם (dam) is the overwhelming primary Hebrew equivalent (269 LXX co-occurrences, PMI 34.72). The remaining high-PMI words are verbs and adjectives from the sacrificial blood ritual vocabulary: pour (shaphak), sprinkle (zaraq), innocent (naqiy), slaughter (shachat), spatter (nazah).

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

G130-haimatekchysia.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G130-haimatekchysia.md

G130 — αἱματεκχυσία (haimatekchysia)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G130
Original: αἱματεκχυσία
Transliteration: haimatekchysia
Pronunciation: hahee-mat-ek-khoo-see'-ah
Part of Speech: Feminine noun
Root: Compound of αἷμα (haima, G129, "blood") + a derivative of ἐκχέω (ekcheo, G1632, "to pour out")
Occurrences: 1 token in 1 unique verse across 1 book
First Occurrence: Heb 9:22 — "without shedding of blood is no remission"
Hapax Legomenon: YES — this word appears only once in the entire Bible. Not attested in prior Greek literature; apparently coined by the author of Hebrews.

Lexicon Definition¶

From αἷμα (G129) and a derivative of ἐκχέω (G1632); an effusion of blood: — shedding of blood.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 023 — Physiological Processes and States
Subdomain: 023.009 — Sickness, Disease, Weakness
Glosses: to cause bleeding | to cause blood to flow | the flow of blood
Other words in subdomain: αἷμα (G129), αἱμοῤῥέω (G131), θάνατος (G2288), ῥύσις (G4511), πηγή (G4077)

Note: The Louw-Nida classification groups this word with physiological blood-flow terms. The actual NT usage is exclusively sacrificial/cultic — the deliberate shedding of blood in atonement, not disease or hemorrhage.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
shedding of blood	1	100%

As a hapax legomenon, there is no translation variation to analyze.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Hebrews	1	0.3

Exclusive to Hebrews, within the author's extended argument comparing old-covenant sacrificial blood ritual with Christ's once-for-all offering (chapters 9-10).

Semantic Categories¶

1. Sacrificial Blood-Shedding as Prerequisite for Forgiveness¶

Heb 9:22 — "And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood (haimatekchysia) is no remission."

This is the only occurrence. The word functions as an abstract noun denoting the event of blood being shed in sacrificial context. The sentence frames it as a universal negative principle: no aphesis (remission/forgiveness) exists apart from haimatekchysia. The qualifier "almost" (schedon) acknowledges Levitical exceptions (flour offerings, Lev 5:11-13; water purification, Num 31:23), but the governing principle is that blood-shedding is the normative mechanism of ritual purification and forgiveness under the law.

Common Collocations¶

As a hapax, no meaningful co-occurrence statistics can be generated from the word itself. However, the verse in which it appears (Heb 9:22) contains:

Word	Strong's	Context
αἷμα (haima)	G129	"purged with blood" — the substance whose shedding haimatekchysia denotes
ἄφεσις (aphesis)	G859	"remission" — the result that blood-shedding secures
καθαρίζω (katharizo)	G2511	"purged" — the ritual purification accomplished through blood
νόμος (nomos)	G3551	"law" — the legal framework prescribing blood purification

Word Family / Cognates¶

G129 αἷμα (haima) — blood (99 tokens, 92v); the substance component of the compound
G131 αἱμοῤῥέω (haimorrheo) — to flow with blood, hemorrhage (hapax: Matt 9:20); same αἷμα root, but denotes involuntary physiological bleeding, not sacrificial shedding
G1632 ἐκχέω (ekcheo) — to pour out, shed (28 tokens); the verbal action component of the compound; used for both literal blood-shedding (Matt 23:35, Acts 22:20) and Spirit-pouring (Acts 2:17, 33)
G184 Ἀκελδαμά (Akeldama) — "field of blood" (Acts 1:19); Aramaic loan with αἷμα cognate

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
αἷμα (haima)	G129	"blood" in "shedding of blood"	haima = the substance; haimatekchysia = the event of shedding it
ἐκχέω (ekcheo)	G1632	"shed" in "shed blood"	ekcheo = the verb (to pour out); haimatekchysia = the abstract noun (the shedding)

The compound haimatekchysia fills a lexical gap: Greek had no single noun for "sacrificial blood-shedding." The author of Hebrews coined it by fusing the object (haima) with the action (ekchysis, from ekcheo) into one term, enabling the concise universal negative statement of Heb 9:22b.

Hebrew Source¶

No direct LXX mapping exists — this word was coined for the NT and does not appear in the Septuagint.

The underlying OT concept draws on the Hebrew vocabulary of sacrificial blood manipulation: - H1818 דָּם (dam) — blood; the OT substance term (360v) - H8210 שָׁפַךְ (shaphak) — to pour out, shed (blood); the primary OT verb for blood-shedding (Gen 9:6, Lev 17:4, Deut 21:7) - H2236 זָרַק (zaraq) — to sprinkle, toss (blood against the altar); ritual application verb

The phrase "shedding of blood" in Hebrew would be expressed periphrastically (shaphak dam, "pour out blood"), never as a single word. The Hebrews author's innovation was creating a Greek compound to express this entire concept as one term.

G2511-katharizo.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2511-katharizo.md

G2511 — καθαρίζω (katharizō)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G2511
Original: καθαρίζω
Transliteration: katharizō
Pronunciation: kath-ar-id'-zo
Part of Speech: Verb
Root: καθαρός (G2513) — clean, pure
Occurrences: 29 unique verses (37 tokens) in NT
Books: 10
First Occurrence: Matt 8:2 — "Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

From G2513; to cleanse (literally or figuratively): — (make) clean(-se), purge, purify.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
cleanse/cleansed (var. forms)	~16	~55%
clean / be thou clean / make clean	~8	~27%
purge/purged/purging	3	~10%
purify/purified/purifying	3	~10%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Titus	1	2.2
1 John	2	1.9
Hebrews	3	1.0
James	1	0.9
Matthew	6	0.6
Mark	4	0.6
Luke	7	0.6
Ephesians	1	0.6
2 Corinthians	1	0.4
Acts	3	0.3

Absent from all Pauline prison epistles except Ephesians. Concentrated in Synoptic miracle accounts and the theological Epistles (Hebrews, 1 John). Titus and 1 John have highest density despite few verses — indicating focused doctrinal usage.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Miraculous Cleansing of Leprosy (Synoptics)¶

The largest single cluster: Jesus pronounces and effects the purification that Levitical law could only declare. - Matt 8:2–3 — "Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean... I will; be thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed." - Matt 10:8 — "Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead..." (disciples commissioned) - Luke 4:27 — "Many lepers were in Israel... none of them was cleansed, saving Naaman the Syrian" - Luke 17:14–17 — "Go shew yourselves unto the priests... Were there not ten cleansed? but where are the nine?"

2. God Redefining "Clean" — Gentile Inclusion (Acts)¶

Katharizō used by a divine voice to declare that categories have changed. - Acts 10:15 — "What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common" - Acts 11:9 — Peter repeats the same word to the Jerusalem council - Acts 15:9 — "purifying their hearts by faith" — the inner reality behind the outer declaration

3. Ritual / Blood Purification (Hebrews)¶

The Levitical purification system — then its eschatological fulfillment in Christ's blood. - Heb 9:14 — "the blood of Christ... purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God" - Heb 9:22 — "almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission" - Heb 9:23 — "the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices" - Heb 10:2 — "worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins"

4. Spiritual/Divine Cleansing Through Christ (Epistles)¶

Christ's redemptive work as the agent and ground of cleansing. - Eph 5:26 — "That he might sanctify and cleanse it [the church] with the washing of water by the word" - Tit 2:14 — "Who gave himself for us, that he might... purify unto himself a peculiar people" - 1 John 1:7 — "the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin" - 1 John 1:9 — "he is faithful and just... to cleanse us from all unrighteousness"

5. Ethical / Self-Purification (Call to Action)¶

Imperatives addressed to believers to purify themselves. - 2 Cor 7:1 — "let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit" - Jas 4:8 — "Cleanse [your] hands, ye sinners; and purify [your] hearts, ye double minded"

6. Hypocritical Outer Cleansing (Jesus' Critique)¶

Used in Jesus' woe against washing the outside while leaving the inside defiled. - Matt 23:25 — "for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion" - Matt 23:26 — "cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also" - Luke 11:39 — parallel to Matt 23:25

7. Purging — Dietary / Ceremonial (Mark)¶

One instance of the word in a food/body context. - Mark 7:19 — "goeth out into the draught, purging all meats" (parenthetical editorial comment)

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
λεπρός (leper)	G3015	6x	Jesus cleanses lepers
Ἰησοῦς (Jesus)	G2424	6x	Jesus as agent of cleansing
λέπρα (leprosy)	G3014	4x	Leprosy as the condition cleansed
νεκρός (dead)	G3498	4x	Listed alongside raising dead in commission passages
θεός (God)	G2316	5x	God as agent (Acts) or ground (Hebrews/1 John)
αἷμα (blood)	G0129	3x	Blood as instrument of purification
καρδία (heart)	G2588	3x	Inner cleansing — heart, conscience
ἅπτομαι (touch)	G0680	3x	Jesus touched lepers before declaring them clean

Word Family / Cognates¶

G2513 καθαρός (katharos) — root adjective: clean, pure (27x)
G2512 καθαρισμός (katharismos) — noun: purification, cleansing (7x)
G2514 καθαρότης (katharotēs) — noun: cleanness (1x, Heb 9:13)
G2508 καθαίρω (kathairō) — to cleanse, prune (2x: John 15:2; Heb 10:2)
G1245 διακαθαρίζω (diakatharizō) — to thoroughly cleanse (2x: Matt 3:12, Luke 3:17)

Synonyms¶

search_relationships.py surfaced a mixed set of cleansing-field neighbors rather than one tight equivalent set: - G2436 ἵλεως (híleōs) — merciful / propitious; a looser mercy-and-cleansing neighbor surfaced by the tool - G1344 δικαιόω (dikaióō) — justify, declare righteous; overlaps where cleansing language expresses removal of guilt - G0037 ἁγιάζω (hagiázō) — make holy, consecrate; overlaps in ritual-purity contexts - G0863 ἀφίημι (aphíēmi) — send away, forgive; overlaps where purification is expressed as remission

Antonyms¶

search_relationships.py returned one clear impurity opposite and two looser contextual contrasts: - G3392 μιαίνω (miaínō) — defile, stain, contaminate; the direct opposite of cleansing - G5165 τρύβλιον (trýblion) — bowl, dish; a contextual purity-term contrast surfaced by the tool rather than a lexical antonym - G4969 σφάζω (spházō) — slaughter, butcher; bloodshed imagery set against cleansing and purification results

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
καθαρός (katharos)	G2513	"clean"	Adjective (state of being clean); katharizō is the verb (act of cleansing)
ἁγνίζω (hagnizō)	G0048	"purify"	From ἁγνός (holy, chaste); focuses on ritual or moral purity in preparation; less medical/physical range
ἁγιάζω (hagiazō)	G0037	"sanctify / purify"	From ἅγιος (holy); means to set apart as sacred; hagiazō = consecration; katharizō = removal of defilement
ῥαντίζω (rhantizō)	G4472	"purify/sprinkle"	Specifically the act of sprinkling (blood, water); a mechanism for katharizō, not a synonym

Hebrew Source¶

Hebrew	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI	Definition
טָהֵר (ṭâhêr)	H2891	61	7.52	to be bright; to be clean; to purify (primary source)
טׇהֳרָה (ṭohŏrâh)	H2893	7	6.91	purification, cleanness (noun)
כָּפַר (kâphar)	H3722	14	5.18	to cover, make atonement (overlap in Lev 16 contexts)
נָקָה (nâqâh)	H5352	7	5.72	to be clean, acquit
כֹּהֵן (kôhên)	H3548	27	3.33	priest (structural co-occurrence — priests perform katharizō)

Primary bridge: H2891 טָהֵר (ṭâhêr) — the LXX translates taher with katharizō in 61 of ~94 verbal occurrences.

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

G2434-hilasmos.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2434-hilasmos.md

G2434 — ἱλασμός (hilasmos)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G2434
Original: ἱλασμός
Transliteration: hilasmos
Pronunciation: hil-as-mos'
Part of Speech: Masculine noun
Root: ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai, G2433) — to propitiate, expiate, be merciful
NT Occurrences: 2 (1 John 2:2; 4:10)
First Occurrence: 1 John 2:2 — "And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for [the sins of] the whole world."
Hapax Legomenon: No (2 occurrences, both in 1 John)

Lexicon Definition¶

ἱλασμός (hil-as-mos'); from ἱλάσκομαι (G2433); the means or act of propitiation, expiation — the provision by which sin is dealt with and wrath averted. The -μός suffix denotes the action or result of the verb, making hilasmos the abstract noun for the propitiatory act or event itself.

Louw-Nida gloss: "the means of forgiveness, expiation."

The word does not appear in the G-prefix lexicon table of the local Strong's database (entry absent), but is attested in the NT text at both occurrences and confirmed via the Greek morphological parser and Louw-Nida mapping.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 40 — Reconciliation, Forgiveness
Subdomain: 40.2 — Forgiveness
Other words in subdomain: ἱλάσκομαι (G2433), ἱλαστήριον (G2435), ἄφεσις (G859), ἀφίημι (G863), χαρίζομαι (G5483), ἐπικαλύπτω (G1943)

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
the propitiation	2	100%

The KJV uniformly renders ἱλασμός as "propitiation" in both occurrences.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
1 John	2	1.9

Confined entirely to 1 John. The word does not appear elsewhere in the NT. In the LXX, ἱλασμός occurs in Lev 25:9, Num 5:8, Psa 130:4, Dan 9:9, Eze 44:27, and Amo 8:14 — always in atonement/forgiveness contexts.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Christ as the Propitiation for Sin¶

1 John 2:2 — "And he is the propitiation (ἱλασμός) for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for [the sins of] the whole world."
1 John 4:10 — "Herein is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son [to be] the propitiation (ἱλασμόν) for our sins."

Both occurrences identify Christ himself as the hilasmos. In 2:2 the nominative (ἱλασμός) predicates Christ's identity; in 4:10 the accusative (ἱλασμόν) describes the purpose for which the Son was sent. The first places hilasmos in the context of advocacy and ongoing intercession; the second places it in the context of divine love as the initiating cause.

2. LXX Usage — Atonement/Forgiveness as a State or Event¶

The LXX uses ἱλασμός to translate Hebrew concepts of atonement and forgiveness: - Lev 25:9 (LXX) — "day of atonement" (ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ ἱλασμοῦ), translating H3725 כִּפֻּר (kippur) - Num 5:8 (LXX) — "ram of the atonement" (κριὸς τοῦ ἱλασμοῦ), translating H3725 kippur - Psa 130:4 (LXX 129:4) — "there is forgiveness with thee" (ὁ ἱλασμός ἐστιν), translating H5547 סְלִיחָה (selichah) - Dan 9:9 (LXX) — "mercies and forgivenesses" (ἱλασμοί), translating H5547 selichah

Common Collocations¶

(With only 2 NT verses, co-occurrences reflect the immediate literary context.)

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
ἁμαρτία (hamartia)	G266	2x	"propitiation for our sins" — hilasmos always governs sin as its object via περί
περί (peri)	G4012	2x	"concerning/for" — the preposition linking propitiation to its object (sins)
αὐτός (autos)	G846	2x	Pronoun identifying Christ as the propitiation
κόσμος (kosmos)	G2889	1x	1 John 2:2 — scope extended to "the whole world"
ἀγάπη (agape)	G26	1x	1 John 4:10 — divine love as the motive for propitiation
υἱός (huios)	G5207	1x	1 John 4:10 — "sent his Son to be the propitiation"
ἀποστέλλω (apostello)	G649	1x	1 John 4:10 — the sending of the Son as propitiation

Word Family (hilask- root)¶

G2433 ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai) — verb: to propitiate, expiate, be merciful (2x: Luke 18:13; Heb 2:17)
G2435 ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion) — noun: propitiatory place or thing; mercy seat (2x: Rom 3:25; Heb 9:5)
G2436 ἵλεως (hileōs) — adjective: propitious, gracious, merciful (2x: Matt 16:22; Heb 8:12)

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion)	G2435	both → "propitiation" (KJV)	hilasmos is abstract — the propitiatory act or provision; hilastērion is concrete — the place/object that serves as the propitiatory (mercy seat in Heb 9:5, or Christ as the public display of propitiation in Rom 3:25)

Synonyms (Louw-Nida 40.2 — Forgiveness)¶

G859 ἄφεσις (aphesis) — forgiveness, remission (17x); the release from guilt that propitiation achieves
G1943 ἐπικαλύπτω (epikalyptō) — to cover over, forgive (1x: Rom 4:7); Psalm 32:1 quotation

Antonyms¶

No direct antonyms returned by search_relationships.py.

Morphological Forms¶

Reference	Form	Parsing
1 John 2:2	ἱλασμός	Nominative Singular Masculine — predicate nominative ("he is the propitiation")
1 John 4:10	ἱλασμόν	Accusative Singular Masculine — purpose clause ("sent his Son to be the propitiation")

Hebrew Source (LXX Alignment)¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	LXX Context	Notes
כִּפֻּר (kippur)	H3725	Lev 25:9; Num 5:8	"day of atonement," "ram of the atonement" — the atonement event
סְלִיחָה (selichah)	H5547	Psa 130:4; Dan 9:9	"forgiveness" — divine attribute of pardoning
חַטָּאָה (chattaah)	H2403	Eze 44:27	"sin offering" — the sacrificial context

The LXX translators chose ἱλασμός for both the cultic-ritual concept (kippur/atonement) and the relational-forgiveness concept (selichah/pardon), unifying what Hebrew expressed with distinct terms.

Domain Neighbors (Louw-Nida 40 — Reconciliation, Forgiveness)¶

Strong's	Lemma	NT Occurrences	Primary KJV Translation
G2433	ἱλάσκομαι	2	be merciful, make reconciliation for
G2435	ἱλαστήριον	2	propitiation, mercyseat
G859	ἄφεσις	17	forgiveness, remission
G863	ἀφίημι	146	forgive, left
G2643	καταλλαγή	4	reconciliation, atonement
G2644	καταλλάσσω	6	reconcile
G604	ἀποκαταλλάσσω	3	reconcile
G5483	χαρίζομαι	23	forgave, forgiving
G1943	ἐπικαλύπτω	1	covered

G2435-hilasterion.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2435-hilasterion.md

G2435 — ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G2435
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Transliteration: hilastērion
Pronunciation: hil-as-tay-ree-on
Part of Speech: Neuter noun
Root: ἱλάσκομαι (G2433) — to propitiate, expiate
NT Occurrences: 2 (Rom 3:25; Heb 9:5)
First Occurrence: Rom 3:25 — "Whom God hath set forth [to be] a propitiation through faith in his blood..."
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

ἱλαστήριον (hil-as-tay-ree-on); neuter of a derivative of ἱλάσκομαι (G2433); an expiatory (place or thing), i.e., a means of appeasing or expiating. Used in two senses:

The mercy seat — the golden lid of the Ark of the Covenant in the Holy of Holies, sprinkled with expiatory blood on Yom Kippur (Heb 9:5). The LXX uses ἱλαστήριον to render Hebrew כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporeth) throughout Exodus and Leviticus.
An expiatory sacrifice / propitiatory victim — the means of expiation itself; that by which divine righteousness is satisfied and sin is covered (Rom 3:25). (Thayer)

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain: 40 — Reconciliation, Forgiveness
Subdomain: 40.2 — Forgiveness
Other words in subdomain: ἱλάσκομαι (G2433), ἱλασμός (G2434), ἄφεσις (G0859), ἀφίημι (G0863), χαρίζομαι (G5483)

UBS Semantic Domains¶

[040] Reconciliation, Forgiveness — search_relationships.py keeps G2435 in the same reconciliation/forgiveness field as its Louw-Nida placement.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
a propitiation	1	50%
mercyseat	1	50%

The two translations represent the same Greek word applied to two different (though theologically connected) referents. English readers using the KJV encounter "propitiation" in Romans and "mercyseat" in Hebrews without realizing it is the identical term.

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Romans	1	0.2
Hebrews	1	0.3

Both occurrences are in the Pauline corpus. The term is rare in the NT precisely because it designates a specific cultic object/role — not a general vocabulary item. Its seven LXX occurrences (Exo 25:17–18; 37:6; 38:7; Lev 16:2 and related) all render H3727 kapporeth.

Semantic Categories¶

1. The Mercy Seat (Physical Tabernacle Object)¶

Heb 9:5 — "And over it the cherubims of glory shadowing the mercyseat; of which we cannot now speak particularly."

The author of Hebrews describes the Tabernacle furniture and identifies the golden lid of the Ark flanked by cherubim as the ἱλαστήριον. This matches the LXX usage throughout Exodus and Leviticus (e.g., Exo 25:22: "I will meet with thee from above the mercy seat").

2. Christ as the Propitiatory¶

Rom 3:25 — "Whom God hath set forth [to be] a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God."

Paul applies ἱλαστήριον to Christ himself. The anarthrous form (no article) highlights function: Christ is the propitiatory — both the place where divine righteousness is publicly displayed and the means by which sin is covered through blood. The typological chain from the OT mercy seat is intentional: what happened annually by priestly blood-sprinkling at the kapporeth now happens once-for-all publicly at the cross.

Common Collocations¶

(With only 2 verses, co-occurrences reflect immediate literary contexts, not statistical patterns.)

Word	Strong's	Context
αἷμα (haima)	G129	Rom 3:25 — "through faith in his blood" — blood as the expiatory instrument
πίστις (pistis)	G4102	Rom 3:25 — "through faith" — the human appropriation of propitiation
δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosyne)	G1343	Rom 3:25 — "his righteousness" — the divine attribute publicly displayed
χερουβίμ (cherubim)	G5502	Heb 9:5 — the cherubim overshadowing the mercy seat in the sanctuary

Word Family (hilask- root)¶

G2433 ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai) — verb: to propitiate, expiate, be merciful (2x: Luke 18:13; Heb 2:17)
G2434 ἱλασμός (hilasmos) — noun: propitiation, the atoning act or event (2x: 1 John 2:2; 4:10)
G2436 ἵλεως (hileōs) — adjective: propitious, gracious, merciful (2x: Matt 16:22; Heb 8:12)

Synonyms¶

No direct synonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for G2435. The tool instead surfaced adjacent reconciliation/forgiveness vocabulary in the same semantic field.

Antonyms¶

No antonyms were returned by search_relationships.py for G2435.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
ἱλασμός (hilasmos)	G2434	both → "propitiation" (KJV)	hilasmos is abstract — the act or event of atonement (1 John 2:2; 4:10); hilastērion is concrete — the place, object, or person that is the propitiatory (Rom 3:25; Heb 9:5)

Hebrew Source¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	LXX Co-occurrences	PMI Score	Notes
כַּפֹּרֶת (kappôreth)	H3727	16x	9.75	Primary: mercy seat / atonement lid of the Ark
כְּרוּב (kᵉrûwb)	H3742	7x	6.93	Cherub — contextually flanks the mercy seat in the same passages
אָרוֹן (ʼârôwn)	H727	6x	5.31	Ark of the Covenant — appears in the same Exo/Lev passages as kapporeth

The dominant LXX usage is for H3727 kapporeth (the mercy seat/atonement cover). The cherub and ark co-occurrences are architectural context — LXX passages describing the mercy seat invariably describe its setting. The LXX translators chose ἱλαστήριον over a simple transliteration, foregrounding the object's expiatory function rather than its physical description.

Domain Neighbors (Louw-Nida 40.2 — Forgiveness)¶

Strong's	Lemma	NT Occurrences	Primary KJV Translation
G2433	ἱλάσκομαι	2	be merciful, make reconciliation for
G2434	ἱλασμός	2	the propitiation
G859	ἄφεσις	14	forgiveness, the remission
G863	ἀφίημι	36	forgive, left
G5483	χαρίζομαι	5	forgave, forgiving

G266-hamartia.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G266-hamartia.md

G266 — ἁμαρτία (hamartia)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G266
Original: ἁμαρτία
Transliteration: hamartía
Pronunciation: ham-ar-tee'-ah
Part of Speech: Feminine noun
Root: from ἁμαρτάνω (G264) — "to miss the mark, to err, to sin"; ultimately from ἀ- (negative) + a base akin to μέρος ("a part") — literally "to miss one's share / miss the target"
Occurrences: ~173 NT occurrences (BLB count 174) across ~60 chapters; 18 unique KJV renderings
First NT Occurrence: Matt 1:21 — "he shall save his people from their sins"
Hapax: No (high-frequency term)

Lexicon Definition¶

(Thayer / Strong) From G264 (hamartanō); a sin (properly abstract): offence, sin(-ful). The word denotes (a) the act of missing or erring, (b) the resulting state of guilt/error, and (c) in Pauline usage, sin as an enslaving power.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
sin	67	38.5%
sins	58	33.3%
of sin	16	9.2%
of sins	15	8.6%
unto sin	3	1.7%
a sin	3	1.7%
(14 other minor forms)	12	~6.9%

Virtually 100% rendered as a form of "sin." Variation is almost entirely English article/preposition. Only one anomalous gloss: "an offence" (2 Cor 11:7).

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 vv
1 John	17	16.2
Romans	48	11.1
Hebrews	24	7.9
James	7	6.5
1 Peter	4	3.8
2 Peter	2	3.3
2 Thessalonians	1	2.1
Galatians	3	2.0
John	17	1.9
1 Timothy	2	1.8
2 Corinthians	3	1.2
1 Thessalonians	1	1.1
Colossians	1	1.1
1 Corinthians	4	0.9
Mark	6	0.9
Luke	10	0.9
Acts	8	0.8
Revelation	3	0.7
Matthew	7	0.7
Ephesians	1	0.7

Three epistolary centers dominate by density: 1 John, Romans, Hebrews. Romans alone supplies ~28% of all NT occurrences; Rom 5–8 is the single densest theological treatment. 1 John has the highest per-verse concentration in the NT. Synoptic use is sparse and concentrated around forgiveness/remission formulas (Matt 1:21; Matt 26:28; Mark 1:4; Luke 1:77).

Semantic Categories¶

1. Sin as Concrete Act / Transgression¶

A specific wrong done, usually countable (often plural, ἁμαρτίαι). - Matt 1:21 — "he shall save his people from their sins" - Matt 26:28 — "shed for many for the remission of sins" - Mark 1:4 / Luke 3:3 / Acts 2:38 — "baptism of repentance for the remission of sins" - 1 John 1:9 — "if we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins" - James 5:16 — "Confess your faults one to another"

2. Sin as Guilt / State of Liability¶

The condition of standing under sin's charge. - John 9:41 — "if ye were blind, ye should have no sin… now ye say, We see; therefore your sin remaineth" - John 15:22, 24 — "they had not had sin: but now they have no cloke for their sin" - John 19:11 — "he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin" - Rom 3:9 — "they are all under sin" - Rom 3:20 — "by the law is the knowledge of sin"

3. Sin as Ruling Power (Personified) — Pauline Emphasis¶

Sin treated as an agent that reigns, dwells, enslaves, and is overthrown. Concentrated in Rom 5–8. - Rom 5:12 — "by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin" - Rom 5:21 — "as sin hath reigned unto death" - Rom 6:6 — "the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin" - Rom 6:12, 14 — "Let not sin therefore reign… sin shall not have dominion over you" - Rom 6:23 — "the wages of sin is death" - Rom 7:17, 20 — "sin that dwelleth in me" - Rom 8:2 — "the law of sin and death" - 1 Cor 15:56 — "The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law"

4. Sin as Cultic Category / Sin Offering¶

Echoing the LXX use of ἁμαρτία for חטאת (sin offering). - Rom 8:3 — "God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin [περὶ ἁμαρτίας]" (LXX formula for sin offering) - 2 Cor 5:21 — "he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin" (recovers the chattaah double sense) - Heb 9:26, 28 — "to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself… offered to bear the sins of many" - Heb 10:6, 8, 18 — "sacrifice for sin" / "no more offering for sin" - Heb 13:11 — "whose blood is brought into the sanctuary by the high priest for sin"

5. Sin Defined / Characterized¶

Epistolary definitions and descriptions of what sin is. - Rom 14:23 — "whatsoever is not of faith is sin" - 1 John 3:4 — "Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law" (ἁμαρτία = ἀνομία) - 1 John 5:17 — "All unrighteousness is sin: and there is a sin not unto death" - James 1:15 — "when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death" - James 4:17 — "to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin"

6. Sin Removed / Atoned / Cleansed¶

The Gospel counter-movement: sin as the object of Christ's redemptive action. - John 1:29 — "the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world" - 1 John 1:7 — "the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin" - 1 John 3:5 — "he was manifested to take away our sins; and in him is no sin" - Heb 10:12 — "after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever" - 1 Pet 2:24 — "who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree" - Rev 1:5 — "washed us from our sins in his own blood"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occ (approx)	Typical Pattern
θάνατος (death)	G2288	~18x	"sin → death" causal chain (Rom 5:12, 6:23, 7:13; Jas 1:15)
νόμος (law)	G3551	~15x	"law of sin" / "law reveals sin" (Rom 7 cluster)
ἄφεσις (forgiveness/remission)	G859	~10x	"remission of sins" (baptismal/proclamation formula)
χάρις (grace)	G5485	~7x	grace vs. sin (Rom 5:20–21, 6:1, 6:14–15)
σάρξ (flesh)	G4561	~7x	"sinful flesh," "flesh of sin" (Rom 7–8)
δικαιοσύνη (righteousness)	G1343	~9x	sin/righteousness antithesis (esp. Rom 6)
αἷμα (blood)	G129	~8x	blood atoning for sin (Heb, 1 John, Rev)
θυσία (sacrifice)	G2378	~9x	"sacrifice for sin(s)" (Heb 10 cluster)
κόσμος (world)	G2889	~5x	"sin of the world" (Johannine)
βασιλεύω (reign)	G936	~3x	"sin reigned" (Rom 5:21, 6:12)
δοῦλος/δουλεύω (slave/serve)	G1401/G1398	~5x	servants of sin vs of God (John 8:34; Rom 6)

Word Family (ἁμαρτ- root)¶

G264 ἁμαρτάνω — verb: to sin, miss the mark (~43x)
G265 ἁμάρτημα — concrete sin / a specific sinful act (~4x; e.g., Mark 3:28; Rom 3:25; 1 Cor 6:18)
G268 ἁμαρτωλός — adjective/noun: sinful, sinner (~47x)
G361 ἀναμάρτητος — without sin (1x, John 8:7)
G4258 προαμαρτάνω — to have sinned previously (2 Cor 12:21; 13:2)

Synonyms¶

search_relationships.py did not surface additional close lexical synonyms beyond the ἁμαρτ- word family already listed above. Its clearest non-cognate overlap was: - G763 ἀσέβεια (asebeia) — ungodliness, impiety; overlaps with hamartia in vice-list and judgment contexts, but stresses irreverence toward God more specifically than the broader category "sin"

Antonyms¶

G1343 δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) — righteousness; the primary moral and forensic opposite of sin
G5218 ὑπακοή (hupakoē) — obedience; practical covenantal opposite to sin's rebellion
G1654 ἐλεημοσύνη (eleēmosynē) — almsgiving, mercy-deed; a concrete act of righteousness in Jewish ethical usage

Easily Confused / Overlapping Near-Synonyms¶

Word	Strong's	Shared KJV Gloss	Key Difference
ἀνομία	G458	"iniquity," "transgression of the law"	specifically lawlessness / absence of law; sharper antinomian edge (the 2 Thess 2:3 variant)
παράπτωμα	G3900	"trespass," "offence," "fall"	a "side-slip" — lapse/stumble; accidental or unintentional deviation; central in Rom 5:15–20 in parallel with ἁμαρτία
παράβασις	G3847	"transgression"	specifically overstepping a defined boundary; presumes an explicit command (Rom 4:15; Gal 3:19)
ἀδικία	G93	"unrighteousness," "iniquity"	unrighteousness/injustice; moral-relational wrong; 1 John 5:17 "all unrighteousness is sin"
παρανομία	G3892	"iniquity" (1x, 2 Pet 2:16)	law-breaking (a near-hapax)
κακία	G2549	"malice," "evil"	moral badness as a disposition, not the act
πονηρία	G4189	"wickedness"	active evil/malignity

Hebrew / LXX Source¶

G266 ἁμαρτία is the workhorse Greek rendering for the Hebrew sin-word cluster in the LXX.

Hebrew Source	Strong's	LXX Co-occ	PMI	Notes
חַטָּאָה / חַטָּאת (chaṭṭâʼâh)	H2403	242	5.82	Primar

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

WG-atonement.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-atonement.md

WG: Atonement¶

Overview¶

The atonement concept in Hebrew Scripture involves a tightly integrated cluster of words describing who performs atonement, how, where, for what, and with what result. The verb כָּפַר (kaphar) sits at the center, connected to the sacrificial system vocabulary of Leviticus and Numbers.

Word Group Members¶

Strong's	Word	Transliteration	POS	Occurrences	Role in Concept	Library Entry
H3722	כָּפַר	kaphar	verb	102	The action — to cover/atone/expiate	H3722
H3724	כֹּפֶר	kopher	noun	17	The price — ransom, satisfaction	H3724
H3725	כִּפֻּר	kippur	noun	8	The event — atonement (Yom Kippurim)	H3725
H3727	כַּפֹּרֶת	kapporeth	noun	27	The place — mercy seat / atonement cover	H3727
H2403	חַטָּאָה	chattaah	noun	296	The offering — sin / sin offering	H2403-chattaah
H817	אָשָׁם	asham	noun	41	The offering — guilt/trespass offering (debt-focused)	H817-asham.md
H1818	דָּם	dam	noun	360	The instrument — blood	H1818-dam.md
H3548	כֹּהֵן	kohen	noun	750	The agent — priest	TODO(need H3548 study)
H4196	מִזְבֵּחַ	mizbeach	noun	402	The location — altar	H4196
H5545	סָלַח	salach	verb	46	The divine response — forgive/pardon	H5545
H2891	טָהֵר	taher	verb	94	The result — cleanse/purify	H2891
H5771	עָוֺן	avon	noun	230	The problem — iniquity/guilt	H5771-avon.md

Relationships¶

Shared Roots¶

כפר root: kaphar (H3722), kopher (H3724), kippur (H3725), kapporeth (H3727) — all from the root כפר "to cover"

Co-occurrence (appear in same verses)¶

Word A	Word B	Shared Verses	Typical Context
kaphar (H3722)	chattaah (H2403)	38	sin offering as the means of atonement
kaphar (H3722)	kohen (H3548)	27	"the priest shall make atonement"
kaphar (H3722)	mizbeach (H4196)	17	atonement performed at the altar
kaphar (H3722)	olah (H5930)	17	burnt offering paired with atonement
kaphar (H3722)	dam (H1818)	12	"the blood makes atonement"
kaphar (H3722)	salach (H5545)	12	atonement → forgiveness result
kaphar (H3722)	taher (H2891)	12	atonement → cleansing result
kaphar (H3722)	avon (H5771)	10	atonement for iniquity
chattaah (H2403)	salach (H5545)	16	sin offering → forgiveness
chattaah (H2403)	dam (H1818)	12	blood of the sin offering
chattaah (H2403)	taher (H2891)	7	sin offering → cleansing
dam (H1818)	taher (H2891)	6	blood used for cleansing

LXX Overlaps¶

Hebrew Words	Shared Greek	Notes
kaphar + taher	both → καθαρίζω (katharizo) in some contexts	Greek conflates atonement and cleansing
kaphar + salach	both → ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai)	Greek conflates atoning act and divine pardon
kaphar + salach	both → ἀφίημι (aphiemi)	"forgive/release" used for both

NT Greek Counterparts¶

Strong's	Word	Transliteration	Role	Library Entry
G2433	ἱλάσκομαι	hilaskomai	The act — to propitiate, expiate, be merciful	G2433
G2434	ἱλασμός	hilasmos	The event — propitiation (abstract noun; 1 John 2:2; 4:10)	G2434
G2435	ἱλαστήριον	hilastērion	The place/person — the propitiatory (mercy seat / Christ; Rom 3:25; Heb 9:5)	G2435

Roles in the Concept¶

Action: kaphar (כָּפַר) — the atoning/covering act itself
Price: kopher (כֹּפֶר) — the ransom or satisfaction paid
Event: kippur (כִּפֻּר) — the occasion of atonement (Day of Atonement)
Place: kapporeth (כַּפֹּרֶת) — the mercy seat where atonement is made
Agent: kohen (כֹּהֵן) — the priest who performs atonement
Instrument: dam (דָּם) — blood as the means of atonement
Offering: chattaah (חַטָּאָה) — the sin offering presented
Location: mizbeach (מִזְבֵּחַ) — the altar where blood is applied
Problem: avon (עָוֺן) — iniquity/guilt that requires atonement
Result (divine): salach (סָלַח) — God's forgiveness that follows
Result (ritual): taher (טָהֵר) — cleansing/purification achieved

Key Passages Where Multiple Group Words Appear Together¶

Lev 16:16 — kaphar + qodesh + chattaah + avon: "he shall make an atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions in all their sins"
Lev 16:30 — kaphar + taher + chattaah: "on that day shall the priest make an atonement for you, to cleanse you, that ye may be clean from all your sins"
Lev 17:11 — kaphar + dam + nephesh: "I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul"
Lev 4:20 — kaphar + kohen + salach: "the priest shall make an atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them"
2 Chr 29:24 — kaphar + dam + mizbeach + chattaah + olah: "they made reconciliation with their blood upon the altar, to make an atonement for all Israel"

Generated from: search_strongs.py, co-occurrence queries Last updated: 2026-03-31

WG-sin.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-sin.md

WG: Sin (Hebrew Sin-Terminology Cluster)¶

Overview¶

The Hebrew Bible uses a cluster of overlapping but distinct terms to describe wrongdoing, each emphasizing a different facet of sin: missing the mark (châṭâʼ), crookedness/guilt-consequence (ʻâvôn), willful rebellion (peshaʻ), incurred liability (ʼâsham), and defiant resistance (mârâh). These words frequently appear together in confessional and covenant contexts, particularly in the triad pesha + avon + chattaah (Exo 34:7; Lev 16:21; Dan 9:24).

Word Group Members¶

Strong's	Word	Transliteration	POS	Occurrences	Role in Concept	Library Entry
H2398	חָטָא	châṭâʼ	verb	220v	The verbal action: to sin / miss; Piel: to purify	H2398-chata.md
H2403	חַטָּאָה	chaṭṭâʼâh	noun	270v	Sin as offense + sin/purification offering	H2403-chattaah.md
H5771	עָוֹן	ʻâvôn	noun	213v	Iniquity — crookedness, perversity, guilt-consequence	H5771-avon.md
H6588	פֶּשַׁע	peshaʻ	noun	90v	Transgression — willful rebellion, covenant-breaking	H6588-pesha.md
H816	אָשַׁם	ʼâsham	verb	32v	Incur guilt — liability requiring restitution	H816-asham.md
H4784	מָרָה	mârâh	verb	44v	Rebel — bitter defiance against authority	H4784-marah.md

Relationships¶

Word Family¶

H2398 châṭâʼ → H2403 chaṭṭâʼâh → H2399 chêṭʼ → H2400 chaṭṭâʼ (all from root ח-ט-א)
H816 ʼâsham → H817 ʼâshâm (guilt offering) → H818 ʼâshêm (adjective "guilty")

Co-occurrence (appear in same verses)¶

Word A	Word B	Shared Verses	Typical Context
châṭâʼ (H2398)	chaṭṭâʼâh (H2403)	51	Verb + cognate noun: "sinned a sin" / sin-offering legislation
chaṭṭâʼâh (H2403)	ʻâvôn (H5771)	43	Covenant formula: "iniquity and sin"
chaṭṭâʼâh (H2403)	peshaʻ (H6588)	24	Full triad contexts: "transgression and sin"
ʻâvôn (H5771)	peshaʻ (H6588)	19	Paired in confessional passages
châṭâʼ (H2398)	ʻâvôn (H5771)	13	"If a soul sin... iniquity" — Levitical formulae
châṭâʼ (H2398)	ʼâsham (H816)	6	"Sinned and is guilty" — cultic liability

LXX Overlaps¶

Hebrew Words	Shared Greek	Notes
châṭâʼ + chaṭṭâʼâh + ʻâvôn + peshaʻ	all → ἁμαρτία (G266)	Greek conflates four Hebrew distinctions into one term
châṭâʼ + ʻâvôn + peshaʻ + ʼâsham	all → ἁμαρτάνω (G264)	The sin-verb also absorbs all Hebrew sin-nouns
ʻâvôn + peshaʻ + chaṭṭâʼâh	all → ἀνομία (G458)	"Lawlessness" used for all three
ʻâvôn + chaṭṭâʼâh + peshaʻ	all → ἀδικία (G93)	"Unrighteousness" used for all three

This convergence is significant: the NT reader working in Greek cannot distinguish the four nuances that the Hebrew text carefully separates.

Roles in the Concept¶

Missing / going astray: châṭâʼ (H2398) — the broadest term; includes inadvertent sin
Crookedness / consequence: ʻâvôn (H5771) — emphasizes moral distortion and its entailed guilt
Willful revolt: peshaʻ (H6588) — deliberate rebellion against known authority
Incurred liability: ʼâsham (H816) — the guilt-state requiring restitution
Defiant resistance: mârâh (H4784) — bitter refusal to obey, provoking authority
The offering that addresses sin: chaṭṭâʼâh (H2403) — both the offense and its ritual remedy

Key Passages Where Multiple Group Words Appear Together¶

Exo 34:7 — [ʻâvôn + peshaʻ + chaṭṭâʼâh] "forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin"
Lev 16:21 — [ʻâvôn + peshaʻ + chaṭṭâʼâh] "confess over him all the iniquities... and all their transgressions in all their sins"
Dan 9:24 — [peshaʻ + chaṭṭâʼâh + ʻâvôn] "to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity"
Psa 32:5 — [chaṭṭâʼâh + ʻâvôn + peshaʻ] "I acknowledged my sin... mine iniquity... I said, I will confess my transgressions"
Isa 59:12 — [peshaʻ + chaṭṭâʼâh + ʻâvôn] "our transgressions are multiplied... our sins testify against us... our iniquities, we know them"
Lev 5:17 — [châṭâʼ + ʻâvôn + ʼâsham] "if a soul sin... he is guilty... his trespass offering"

Generated from: gather_word_group_data.py Last updated: 2026-05-03

TR-nasa-airo.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-nasa-airo.md

TR: nāśāʾ → aírō (Lift / Bear / Take Away)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT               LXX (Greek OT)             Greek NT
─────────────────       ──────────────────          ───────────────
נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ)      →   αἴρω (aírō)           →   αἴρω (aírō)
H5375, 607x in OT       LXX co-occ: 164x           98x in NT
"lift, carry, bear"      PMI score: 24.47           "lift up, take away"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H5375	נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ)	607	lift, carry, bear, take, forgive
H4853	מַשָּׂא (maśśāʾ)	~66	burden, oracle, tribute (derived noun)
H5381	נָשַׂג (nāśag)	~50	reach, attain (Strong's-adjacent)

Key OT passages: - Gen 4:13 — "My punishment [is] greater than I can bear" — earliest instance; nāśāʾ as bearing consequence - Isa 53:12 — "he bare the sin of many" — the Servant bears guilt on behalf of others; same verb as "carry a load" - Mic 7:18 — "Who is a God like unto thee, that pardoneth iniquity?" — nāśāʾ as divine forgiveness

Word study: H5375-nasa.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occ	Notes
נָשָׂא H5375	αἴρω (G142)	164x	Primary equivalent — general lifting/taking
נָשָׂא H5375	ἀναλαμβάνω (G353)	45x	Take up, receive up — transport/ascent context
נָשָׂא H5375	ἐπαίρω (G1869)	31x	Raise up — often figurative exaltation
נָשָׂא H5375	ἀναβλέπω (G308)	20x	Look up — captures "lift eyes" idiom specifically
נָשָׂא H5375	λαμβάνω (G2983)	153x	Take, receive — broader overlap, lower PMI

Hebrew sources of αἴρω in LXX:

Hebrew	Strong's	Co-occ	Notes
נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ)	H5375	164x	Primary Hebrew source
אָרוֹן (ʾārôn)	H727	31x	Ark — often "lift/carry the ark" context
מַשָּׂא (maśśāʾ)	H4853	13x	Burden/oracle (derived from H5375)
נֵס (nēs)	H5251	8x	Standard/banner — "lift up a banner"

Semantic shift in translation: αἴρω captures nāśāʾ's two dominant meanings — physically lifting/carrying AND removing/taking away. In the NT, αἴρω's "take away" sense (Jn 1:29: "taketh away the sin of the world") reflects the same idiom behind Hebrew nāśāʾ ʿāwōn (bearing/removing sin).

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G142	αἴρω (aírō)	98	lift up, take away, remove
G353	ἀναλαμβάνω (analambánō)	13	take up, assume (used of the ascension)
G1869	ἐπαίρω (epaírō)	11	raise up, lift up (voice, eyes, hand)

Key NT passages: - John 1:29 — "Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away (aírō) the sin of the world" — theological climax of the nāśāʾ ḥēṭ ("bear/remove sin") chain - Matt 4:6 / Luke 4:11 — "He shall give his angels charge... they shall bear (aírō) thee up" (Ps 91:12 quoted) — physical carrying/protecting - Col 2:14 — "took it out of the way (aírō)" — document/debt removed; the "taking away" sense

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Matt 4:6 / Luke 4:11	Ps 91:12	nāśāʾ → aírō	"bear thee up" — angelic carrying; Satan cites exact LXX rendering
John 1:29	Isa 53:12 (allusion)	nāśāʾ → aírō	"taketh away the sin" = "bare the sin of many" — same verb chain

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The core physical sense of lifting/carrying transfers intact: OT Levites carry the ark (nāśāʾ); NT disciples lift the lame (aírō). - The idiom "lift the eyes" appears in both testaments using the corresponding word in each language. - The bearing-of-sin motif carries directly into NT theology (Isa 53 → John 1:29; Heb 9:28).

What shifts: - NT αἴρω strongly favors the "take away" direction over the "bear/endure" direction — 17 of 98 NT uses are explicitly about removal or elimination. - The forgiveness dimension (nāśāʾ ʿāwōn = God lifts off guilt) in the OT is expressed in NT through compound words like ἀφίημι (aphíēmi, G863) rather than bare αἴρω, though John 1:29 uses aírō for the Lamb's sin-removal. - The census idiom ("lift the head") has no NT equivalent — αἴρω never functions that way in the NT.

Generated from: gather_trace_data.py H5375 Last updated: 2026-04-02

TR-chattaah-hamartia.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-chattaah-hamartia.md

TR: chaṭṭâʼâh → hamartia (Sin / Sin Offering)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT                LXX (Greek OT)            Greek NT
──────────────────       ────────────────────       ────────────────────
חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh)  →  ἁμαρτία (hamartia)     →  ἁμαρτία (hamartia)
H2403, 270x in OT        242x as translation        151x in NT
"sin / sin offering"      PMI score: 31.95           "sin"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H2403	חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh)	270	sin (moral offense) and/or sin offering (ritual sacrifice)
H2398	חָטָא (châṭâʼ)	240+	root verb: to miss, to sin
H2399	חֵטְא (chêṭᵉʼ)	33	the criminal act or its penalty

Key OT passages: - Gen 4:7 — "sin lieth at the door" — earliest usage; sin as a crouching power - Exo 34:7 — God "forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin" — the classical triad - Lev 16:9,15 — Day of Atonement; chattaah = the sacrificial goat itself

[See H2403-chattaah.md for full canonical word study]

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occ	PMI	Notes
H2403 chattaah	ἁμαρτία G266	242	31.95	Primary bridge — overwhelmingly consistent
H2403 chattaah	ὁλοκαύτωμα G3646	33	14.04	LXX uses "burnt offering" for the sacrifice sense
H2403 chattaah	ἁμάρτημα G265	11	13.98	Concrete sin — used for specific transgression sense
H2403 chattaah	ἀνομία G458	31	13.19	"Lawlessness" — used in prophetic/covenant violation context

G266 hamartia also translates these Hebrew words in LXX:

Hebrew	Co-occ	Notes
H5771 עָוֺן (avon)	93	LXX conflates avon and chattaah under hamartia
H8163 שָׂעִיר (sair/goat)	42	Goat = the sin offering animal
H2399 חֵטְא (chet)	28	Closely related sin noun
H3722 כָּפַר (kaphar)	41	Atone — LXX uses hamartia in atonement contexts
H6588 פֶּשַׁע (pesha)	34	Rebellion — all three sin terms collapse under G266

Semantic shift in translation: The LXX translation is highly faithful — G266 ἁμαρτία preserves the abstract/moral sense of chattaah. However, the LXX handles chattaah's dual meaning (sin + sin offering) by sometimes rendering the sacrifice sense with ὁλοκαύτωμα (burnt offering) or omitting the article, losing the precise cultic specificity that the Hebrew carries. The boundary between chattaah = offense and chattaah = remedy becomes less sharp in Greek.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G266	ἁμαρτία (hamartia)	151	sin (abstract: the nature, condition, or act)
G265	ἁμάρτημα (hamartema)	4	sin (concrete: a specific sinful act)
G264	ἁμαρτάνω (hamartano)	43	to sin (the verb)

Key NT passages: - John 1:29 — "Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin (ἁμαρτίαν) of the world" — the sin-offering imagery of Leviticus compressed into one person - Rom 3:9 — "for we have... proved both Jews and Gentiles, that they are all under sin (ἁμαρτίαν)" — sin as a governing power - 1 Cor 15:3 — "Christ died for our sins (ἁμαρτίας) according to the scriptures" — direct echo of the OT sacrifice pattern - 2 Cor 5:21 — "he hath made him to be sin (ἁμαρτίαν) for us, who knew no sin" — the most direct NT recovery of the dual Hebrew sense: Christ = both the sin and the sin offering

[G266 canonical word study: TODO(need G266 study)]

Direct OT→NT Quotations / Echoes¶

NT Verse	OT Echo	Shared Concept	Significance
2 Cor 5:21	Lev 16 (Day of Atonement)	Christ as sin offering	ἁμαρτίαν recovers chattaah's double meaning: offense + remedy
1 Cor 15:3	Isa 53:10 (asham = guilt offering)	"died for our sins"	OT sin-bearing language fully activated
John 1:29	Lev 16:21-22 / Isa 53:6	Lamb bearing sin away	Scapegoat (chattaah goat) fulfillment
Heb 9:26-28	Lev 16	"put away sin by sacrifice of himself"	Day of Atonement structure applied to Christ
Rom 8:3	Lev 4-5 (sin offering)	"condemned sin in the flesh"	God "sent his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin" (G266 used as sin offering)

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same: - The core meaning of ἁμαρτία in the NT exactly matches chattaah's moral/legal sense — a transgression that creates guilt and requires remedy - The forensic frame: sin against a holy God who will not clear the guilty (Exo 34:7) - The need for atonement: chattaah presupposes kaphar (covering); NT ἁμαρτία presupposes ἱλαστήριον (propitiation, Rom 3:25)

What shifts: - In the OT, chattaah explicitly names the sacrifice (the sin offering is itself a chattaah). In the NT, ἁμαρτία rarely names the sacrifice directly — though 2 Cor 5:21 deliberately recovers this double sense when Paul says Christ "was made sin" (not just "died for sin") - The NT concentrates on sin as an enslaving power (Rom 6–7) more than the OT's focus on specific acts and their sacrificial remedy — a development enabled by the LXX's abstraction of chattaah into ἁμαρτία - The prophetic triad (chattaah + avon + pesha) dissolves in NT Greek: all three typically collapse into ἁμαρτία or παράπτωμα, losing the Hebrew precision

Generated from: gather_trace_data.py H2403, gather_word_data.py H2403 Last updated: 2026-04-02

TR-taher-katharizo.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-taher-katharizo.md

TR: ṭâhêr → katharizō (Cleansing/Purification)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT          LXX (Greek OT)         Greek NT
───────────        ───────────────         ────────
טָהֵר (ṭâhêr)  →  καθαρίζω (katharizō) →  καθαρίζω (katharizō)
H2891, 94x         61x as translation      30x in NT
"be clean/cleanse" of ṭâhêr               "cleanse/make clean"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H2891	טָהֵר (ṭâhêr)	94	be clean, cleanse, purify (verb)
H2889	טָהוֹר (ṭâhôwr)	96	clean, pure (adjective)
H2893	טׇהֳרָה (ṭohŏrâh)	13	purification, cleanness (noun)

Key OT passages: - Lev 16:30 — "on that day shall the priest make an atonement for you, to cleanse you, that ye may be clean from all your sins before the LORD" - Eze 36:25 — "Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you" - Mal 3:3 — "he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver"

H2891 word study

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Count	Notes
ṭâhêr (H2891)	καθαρίζω (G2511)	61x	Primary equivalent — verb to verb
ṭâhêr (H2891)	καθαρός (G2513)	23x	Adjective form for stative Qal
ṭâhôwr (H2889)	καθαρός (G2513)	—	Adjective to adjective mapping
ṭohŏrâh (H2893)	καθαρισμός (G2512)	—	Noun to noun mapping

Semantic continuity in translation: The LXX translators mapped taher → katharizō with high consistency (61 of ~94 verbal occurrences). The Greek kathar- word family (katharizō, katharos, katharismos) mirrors the Hebrew tahor family (taher, tahowr, tohorah) almost exactly in structure and usage.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G2511	καθαρίζω (katharizō)	30	cleanse, make clean, purify
G2513	καθαρός (katharos)	27	clean, pure
G2512	καθαρισμός (katharismos)	7	purification, cleansing

Key NT passages: - Matt 8:2-3 — "Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. And Jesus... saith unto him, I will; be thou clean." (Jesus cleansing leprosy — direct Levitical echo) - Acts 10:15 — "What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common" (God redefines clean/unclean categories) - Acts 15:9 — "purifying their hearts by faith" (spiritual cleansing replaces ritual) - Heb 9:14 — "the blood of Christ... purge your conscience from dead works" (eschatological fulfillment of Lev 16) - 1 John 1:7 — "the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin" - 1 John 1:9 — "he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness"

Direct OT→NT Quotations and Echoes¶

NT Verse	OT Echo	Connection	Significance
Matt 8:2-3	Lev 13:6, 14:7	Priestly pronouncement of cleanness	Jesus acts as priest, directly declaring "be thou clean" — the Piel declarative of taher
Luke 4:27	2 Kings 5:14	Naaman's cleansing	Jesus cites this as precedent — Gentile cleansing foreshadowed
Heb 9:14, 22	Lev 16:19, 30	Blood purges/cleanses	Day of Atonement blood cleansing → Christ's blood cleanses conscience
Titus 2:14	Eze 37:23	God cleanses a people for himself	"purify unto himself a peculiar people" echoes Ezekiel's promise
Eph 5:26	Eze 36:25	Cleanse with water/word	"cleanse it with the washing of water by the word" echoes "sprinkle clean water"

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The kathar- word group carries the full semantic range of taher: ritual, moral, and spiritual cleansing - Blood remains the primary instrument of deep cleansing (Lev 16 → Heb 9) - God remains the ultimate agent of spiritual cleansing (Eze 36:25 → 1 John 1:9) - The priestly declaration pattern persists (Lev 13 → Jesus in Matt 8)

What shifts: - From ritual to moral/spiritual: NT usage heavily favors spiritual cleansing over ceremonial; katharizō in the Gospels addresses leprosy (physical) but in the Epistles addresses sin/conscience - From priest-mediated to direct: Jesus himself declares "be thou clean" without the Levitical inspection process - From external to internal: Acts 15:9 — "purifying their hearts by faith" internalizes what was formerly external ritual - From repeated to once-for-all: Heb 10:2 — "the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins" contrasts with Levitical repetition

Generated from: search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup, --lexicon) Last updated: 2026-03-31

TR-tame-akathartos.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-tame-akathartos.md

TR: ṭâmêʼ → ἀκάθαρτος (Ritual Uncleanness)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)          Greek NT
────────────────   ──────────────────────   ──────────────────
טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ)   →  ἀκάθαρτος (akáthartos) →  ἀκάθαρτος (akáthartos)
H2931, 78x OT        LXX co-occ: 69x            29x in NT
"unclean" (adj)       PMI score: 31.22            "unclean"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H2931	טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ)	78	unclean, defiled — adjectival state
H2930	טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ)	~160	to be/make unclean — the verb form
H2932	טֻמְאָה (ṭumʼâh)	37	uncleanness — the abstract noun

Key OT passages: - Lev 11:7 — "the swine... he [is] unclean unto you" — paradigmatic dietary declaration - Lev 13:44–46 — "He is a leprous man, he [is] unclean: the priest shall pronounce him utterly unclean... he shall dwell alone" - Isa 64:6 — "we are all as an unclean [thing], and all our righteousnesses [are] as filthy rags" — moral/prophetic extension

[Canonical study: H2931-tame.md]

LXX Bridge¶

H2931 → Greek (what Greek words translate this Hebrew word in the LXX):

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occ	PMI Score	Notes
ṭâmêʼ (H2931)	ἀκάθαρτος G169	69	31.22	Primary equivalent — overwhelming dominance
ṭâmêʼ (H2931)	ἀκαθαρσία G167	8	12.65	Cognate noun; condition/quality of uncleanness
ṭâmêʼ (H2931)	λέπρα G3014	6	10.74	Contextual — leprous passages
ṭâmêʼ (H2931)	βέβηλος G952	3	9.96	Profane/infamous sense (Eze 22:5)

G169 ← Hebrew (what Hebrew words this Greek word translates in the LXX):

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occ	PMI Score	Notes
ṭâmêʼ adj	H2931	69	31.22	Primary source
ṭâmêʼ verb	H2930	53	24.39	Verbal form — makes/becomes unclean
kâbaç	H3526	21	19.58	Contextual — to wash (appears in purification passages)
nâgaʻ	H5060	30	18.18	Contextual — to touch (unclean things)
nᵉbêlâh	H5038	13	15.49	Contextual — carcase (the unclean object)

Semantic shift in translation: The LXX chose ἀκάθαρτος (a-kathartos = not-clean) as a direct semantic equivalent, calquing the Hebrew concept. The same binary structure (ṭâmêʼ/ṭâhôwr :: ἀκάθαρτος/καθαρός) carries intact across the translation. No meaning shift — the Greek word was coined to match the Hebrew concept precisely.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G169	ἀκάθαρτος (akáthartos)	29	unclean, impure
G167	ἀκαθαρσία (akatharsía)	10	impurity, uncleanness (noun)
G168	ἀκαθάρτης (akathártēs)	1	filthiness (noun form)

Key NT passages: - Matt 10:1 — "he gave them power [against] unclean spirits" — OT purity category applied to demonic realm - 2 Cor 6:17 — "touch not the unclean [thing]" — direct echo of Isa 52:11 (which uses H2931) - Rev 16:13 — "three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon" — apocalyptic extension

[No canonical study yet for G169]

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	OT Source	Shared Word	Significance
2 Cor 6:17	Isa 52:11	ṭâmêʼ → ἀκάθαρτος	"touch not the unclean thing" — Paul cites Isaiah's call to separation using the identical LXX term

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The exact word ἀκάθαρτος carries over from LXX into NT intact — no Greek coinage needed - The contact-transmission principle remains: "touch not the unclean thing" (2 Cor 6:17, echoing Isa 52:11) - The binary clean/unclean structure is maintained, with the NT opposing ἀκάθαρτος against καθαρός exactly as the OT opposes ṭâmêʼ against ṭâhôwr

What shifts: - The primary referent shifts: OT applies ṭâmêʼ overwhelmingly to animals, diseased persons, and dead bodies; NT applies ἀκάθαρτος primarily to spirits (25 of 29 NT occurrences involve "unclean spirits") - The Levitical dietary and physical categories fade in NT usage; the moral/spiritual categories (latent in Isa 6:5, Isa 64:6) become dominant - Acts 10–11 (Peter's vision) explicitly transitions the word's application: Gentiles once called "unclean" (κοινός/ἀκάθαρτος) are declared clean by God — a conscious reversal of the OT boundary

TR-tame-miaino.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-tame-miaino.md

TR: ṭâmêʼ → μιαίνω (Defilement / Ritual Uncleanness)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)          Greek NT
────────────────   ──────────────────────   ──────────────────
טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ)   →  μιαίνω (miaínō)     →  μιαίνω (miaínō)
H2930, 142x OT       LXX co-occ: 86x          4x in NT
"be/make unclean"     PMI score: 31.76         "defile/sully"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H2930	טָמֵא (tame)	142	to be foul, be/make unclean — the verb (primitive root)
H2931	טָמֵא (tame)	78	unclean, defiled — the adjective
H2932	טֻמְאָה (tumah)	37	uncleanness — the abstract noun

Key OT passages: - Lev 5:3 — "if he touch the uncleanness of man, whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal" — contact-transmitted impurity - Gen 34:5 — "Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter" — first occurrence of the verb; moral/sexual defilement - 2 Chr 36:14 — "all the chief of the priests, and the people, transgressed very much after all the abominations of the heathen; and polluted the house of the LORD" — cultic defilement of sacred space

Library: H2931-tame.md (adjective); H2930-tame.md (verb)

LXX Bridge¶

H2930 tame → Greek (what Greek words translate this Hebrew word in LXX):

Greek Translation	Co-occurrence	PMI Score	Notes
μιαίνω (miaino) G3392	86x	31.76	Primary verb equivalent — chosen for the active contamination sense
ἀκάθαρτος (akathartos) G169	53x	24.39	Adjective "unclean" — used for the state, not the act
ἑσπέρα (hespera) G2073	32x	19.54	"Evening" — from "shall be unclean until evening" formula
πλύνω (plyno) G4150	18x	17.33	"Wash" — from purification instructions following defilement
ἅπτομαι (haptomai) G680	24x	16.83	"Touch" — from contact-defilement passages
λούω (louo) G3068	16x	16.72	"Bathe" — from purification ritual instructions

G3392 miaino ← Hebrew (what Hebrew words this Greek word translates):

Hebrew Source	Co-occurrence	PMI Score	Notes
טָמֵא (tame) H2930	86x	31.76	Primary — overwhelming dominant source
צָרַעַת (tsaraath) H6883	9x	13.70	Leprosy — contaminating skin disease
גִּלּוּל (gillul) H1544	10x	13.56	Idols — defilement by idol-worship
טֻמְאָה (tumah) H2932	7x	11.81	Uncleanness noun — cognate of tame
שִׁקּוּץ (shiqquts) H8251	6x	11.11	Abomination/detestable thing

Semantic profile in translation: The LXX translators reserved miaino specifically for the verbal action of defiling — the process of becoming or making unclean. They used akathartos (adjective) for the resulting state of being unclean. This verb/adjective distinction is consistent and deliberate.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G3392	μιαίνω (miaino)	4	to sully, taint, contaminate
G3393	μίασμα (miasma)	1	(moral) foulness — the pollution itself
G3394	μιασμός (miasmos)	1	(moral) contamination — the act
G283	ἀμίαντος (amiantos)	4	undefiled — negated adjective

Key NT passages: - John 18:28 — "they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover" — direct Levitical purity concern; closest to OT usage - Titus 1:15 — "unto them that are defiled and unbelieving is nothing pure; but even their mind and conscience is defiled" — internalized defilement of mind/conscience - Hebrews 12:15 — "lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you, and thereby many be defiled" — communal contamination through one person's apostasy

Library: G3392-miaino.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Alludes to OT	Shared Concept	Significance
Heb 12:15	Deut 29:18	"root that beareth gall and wormwood" / "root of bitterness"	The Deuteronomy passage warns that one idolater can defile the whole community; Hebrews applies the same contamination logic using miaino

No direct word-for-word quotations use miaino, but Heb 12:15 clearly draws on the Deuteronomic concept of corporate defilement from Deut 29:18 LXX.

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - Defilement as contact-transmitted contamination — in both OT and NT, miaino describes pollution that spreads from a source to others (Lev 5:3 touch → Heb 12:15 root of bitterness affecting many) - The unfitness for the holy — defilement renders one unable to approach God's presence (OT temple/Passover → John 18:28 judgment hall)

What shifts: - From ritual to moral/internal — OT tame is overwhelmingly about bodily and ceremonial impurity (skin disease, corpse contact, bodily emissions); NT miaino is used 3 of 4 times for moral/conscience defilement (Titus 1:15 mind and conscience, Heb 12:15 bitterness, Jude 1:8 flesh via immorality). Only John 18:28 preserves the OT ritual sense. - From temporary to settled — OT tame defilement is typically resolved by evening, washing, or sacrifice; the NT perfect tenses in Titus 1:15 (μεμιαμμένοις, μεμίανται) suggest a settled, ongoing state of defilement rather than a temporary ritual condition.

TR-kapporeth-hilasterion.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-kapporeth-hilasterion.md

TR: kapporeth → hilastērion (Mercy Seat / Propitiation)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT               LXX (Greek OT)              Greek NT
──────────────          ────────────────────         ────────────────────────
כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporeth) → ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion) → ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion)
H3727, 22 verses          16x as primary rendering     2x in NT
"mercy seat / cover"      "propitiatory (place)"       "propitiation" / "mercy seat"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H3727	כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporeth)	22 verses	Golden lid of the Ark; site of atonement blood rite

The mercy seat was a solid gold slab placed atop the Ark of the Covenant. On Yom Kippur, the high priest entered the Most Holy Place and sprinkled blood from the sin offerings directly on and before the kapporeth (Lev 16:14–15). God declared: "I will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat" (Lev 16:2) and "I will meet with thee... from above the mercy seat" (Exo 25:22). The object was simultaneously God's earthly throne, the place of his speaking, and the site where the nation's sins were covered annually.

Key OT passages: - Exo 25:22 — "And there I will meet with thee, and I will commune with thee from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubims which are upon the ark of the testimony" - Lev 16:14–15 — blood of the bull and the goat sprinkled on and before the mercy seat

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	LXX Count	Notes
kapporeth (H3727)	ἱλαστήριον (G2435)	16x	Primary LXX rendering (73% of occurrences)

The LXX translators chose ἱλαστήριον — the neuter adjective from ἱλάσκομαι ("to propitiate, expiate") — rather than simply transliterating or using a word for "lid/cover." This interpretive choice foregrounded the object's expiatory function over its physical description. The result: by the NT era, any Greek-reading Jew hearing ἱλαστήριον would immediately think of the mercy seat and its blood-atonement ritual.

Semantic shift: Hebrew kapporeth is concrete and architectural; Greek hilastērion is functional and expiatory. The LXX translation does not lose the physical referent (Heb 9:5 explicitly calls it the "mercy seat"), but adds theological weight that the NT writers exploit in Romans 3:25.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	NT Translation
G2435	ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion)	2	"propitiation" (Rom 3:25), "mercyseat" (Heb 9:5)

Key NT passages: - Rom 3:25 — "Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation (ἱλαστήριον) through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God" - Heb 9:5 — "And over it the cherubims of glory shadowing the mercyseat (ἱλαστήριον); of which we cannot now speak particularly"

The two NT uses represent two distinct applications: Hebrews 9:5 refers to the physical OT object in its description of the Tabernacle; Romans 3:25 applies the term directly to Christ. Paul's use in Romans (without the article) presents Christ himself as the ἱλαστήριον — not merely as someone who makes propitiation, but as the place/means where God's wrath is covered and his righteousness displayed through blood.

Direct OT→NT Quotation¶

No direct verbal quotation. The connection is typological: Paul and the author of Hebrews both assume their readers understand ἱλαστήριον as the mercy seat of Leviticus 16. The conceptual argument is: what happened annually at the kapporeth with animal blood (Lev 16) happened finally and publicly at the cross through Christ's blood (Rom 3:25).

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same: - The blood-atonement framework: the mercy seat in both testaments is associated with blood, the covering of sin, and the satisfaction of divine righteousness - The locus character: in OT it is the place where God meets the sinner through the priest's mediation; in NT Christ is that locus himself - The cherubim connection: both Heb 9:5 (explicitly) and the broader context of Rom 3 (the revelation of God's glory/righteousness) maintain the throne-room imagery

What shifts: - From annual to once-for-all: the Yom Kippur rite was repeated; Christ's atonement is not - From architectural to personal: the object becomes a person - From hidden to public: the kapporeth was in the Most Holy Place, inaccessible to all but the high priest; Paul says God "set forth" Christ as the ἱλαστήριον publicly (προέθετο — displayed openly) - Translation divergence: KJV renders G2435 as "propitiation" in Rom 3:25 and "mercy seat" in Heb 9:5, obscuring for English readers that it is the same word in both verses

Generated from: gather_word_data.py (H3727, G2435), search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source) Last updated: 2026-04-01

TR-avon-adikia.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-avon-adikia.md

TR: ʻâvôn → ἀδικία (Iniquity / Unrighteousness)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT                LXX (Greek OT)           Greek NT
────────────────         ────────────────          ────────────────
עָוֺן (ʻâvôn)         →  ἀδικία (adikía)        →  ἀδικία (adikía)
H5771, 213x in OT        78x as LXX rendering      24x in NT
"iniquity / guilt /      PMI score: 24.64          "unrighteousness /
 punishment"                                        iniquity"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H5771	עָוֺן (ʻâvôn)	213	iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity
H5766	עֶוֶל (ʻevel)	~80	injustice, perverseness (cognate)
H5753	עָוָה (ʻâvâh)	~17	verb: to bend, act perversely (root)

Key OT passages: - Gen 4:13 — "My punishment [is] greater than I can bear" (punishment-sense of עָוֺן) - Isa 53:6 — "the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all" (vicarious bearing of avon) - Dan 9:24 — "to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness"

[Canonical word study: H5771-avon.md]

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Strong's	Co-occ	Notes
ʻâvôn (H5771)	ἀδικία (adikía)	G93	78x	Primary equivalent
ʻâvôn (H5771)	ἀνομία (anomía)	G458	70x	Secondary — lawlessness frame
ʻâvôn (H5771)	ἁμαρτία (hamartía)	G266	93x	Broad Greek sin word; lower PMI
ʻâvôn (H5771)	κόλασις (kólasis)	G2851	5x	Where punishment-sense is dominant
ʻevel (H5766)	ἀδικία (adikía)	G93	23x	Cognate Hebrew word also maps here
châmâç (H2555)	ἀδικία (adikía)	G93	15x	Violence/injustice also maps to adikia

Semantic shift in translation: The Hebrew עָוֺן carries a triple sense (act, guilt, punishment). Greek ἀδικία captures the injustice/unrighteousness aspect but largely loses the punishment nuance. The LXX falls back on κόλασις where penalty is explicit. The secondary Greek word ἀνομία shifts the frame from "injustice" to "lawlessness" — a distinct theological emphasis.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G93	ἀδικία (adikía)	24	injustice, unrighteousness
G91	ἀδικέω (adikéō)	~28	verb: to do wrong, to injure
G94	ἄδικος (ádikos)	~12	unjust, unrighteous
G92	ἀδίκημα (adíkēma)	~3	a wrong done, an act of injustice

Key NT passages: - Rom 1:18 — "wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness (ἀδικία) of men" - 1 Cor 13:6 — "Rejoiceth not in iniquity (ἀδικία), but rejoiceth in the truth" - 2 Tim 2:19 — "Let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity (ἀδικία)"

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Notes
Acts 1:18	—	"reward of iniquity (ἀδικία)" — echoes the OT consequence-sense of עָוֺן
Rom 1:18	—	Paul's ἀδικία picks up the LXX's dominant pattern for עָוֺן

No direct verbal quotation of an עָוֺן passage using ἀδικία has been identified; the NT inheritance is conceptual via LXX translation pattern rather than explicit citation.

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same: - The moral wrongdoing sense: both עָוֺן and ἀδικία describe a quality of character and action opposed to God's righteousness - Communal/corporate application: both appear in contexts of national sin (Israel's iniquity; "unrighteousness of men" in Rom 1) - The theological pairing: עָוֺן + חַטָּאָה in OT parallels ἀδικία + ἀσέβεια (unrighteousness + ungodliness) in NT (Rom 1:18)

What shifts: - The punishment-sense of עָוֺן largely disappears in ἀδικία; the Greek word focuses on the character/quality of the wrong, not its consequence - The LXX also uses ἀνομία (lawlessness) for עָוֺן at comparable frequency — NT authors tend to use ἀνομία in eschatological contexts (Matt 24:12; 2 Thess 2:7) where the lawlessness-frame dominates - The Hebrew avon's guilt-accumulation concept (the weight building until judgment) has no direct Greek equivalent; it gets distributed across ἀδικία, ἀνομία, and ἐνοχή (guilt)

Generated from: gather_trace_data.py H5771 Last updated: 2026-04-02

TR-tumah-akatharsia.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-tumah-akatharsia.md

TR: tumʼah → akatharsía (Uncleanness/Impurity)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)           Greek NT
───────────            ───────────────           ────────
טֻמְאָה (ṭumʼâh)   →  ἀκαθαρσία (akatharsía) →  ἀκαθαρσία (akatharsía)
H2932, 31x in OT       LXX co-occ: 26x          10x in NT
"uncleanness"           PMI: 28.97                "uncleanness, impurity"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H2932	טֻמְאָה (ṭumʼâh)	31	uncleanness, impurity — abstract noun
H2930	טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ)	~160	to be/make unclean — the verb
H2931	טָמֵא (ṭâmêʼ)	88	unclean, defiled — the adjective

Key OT passages: - Lev 16:16 — "And he shall make an atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleanness (tumʼah) of the children of Israel" — sanctuary defilement requiring Day of Atonement cleansing - Ezek 36:17 — "their way was before me as the uncleanness (tumʼah) of a removed woman" — national sin conceived as ritual impurity - Ezek 36:25 — "from all your filthiness (tumʼah), and from all your idols, will I cleanse you" — eschatological cleansing promise

Library: H2932-tumah.md, H2931-tame.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occ	PMI	Notes
ṭumʼâh (H2932)	ἀκαθαρσία (G167)	26	28.97	Primary — near-exclusive rendering
ṭumʼâh (H2932)	ἀκάθαρτος (G169)	8	12.24	Adjective form when LXX shifts POS
ṭumʼâh (H2932)	μιαίνω (G3392)	7	11.81	Verbal rendering in prophetic contexts
ṭumʼâh (H2932)	ῥύσις (G4511)	4	12.58	"Flux" — bodily-discharge specific

Reverse direction — what Hebrew words G167 akatharsía translates:

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occ	PMI	Notes
ṭumʼâh	H2932	26	28.97	Dominant source — 26 of ~32 LXX uses
niddâh	H5079	11	19.67	"Separation" — menstrual/impurity overlap
ṭâmêʼ (verb)	H2930	10	12.53	Verb "to defile" occasionally nominalized
ṭâmêʼ (adj)	H2931	8	12.65	Adjective occasionally abstracted
zôwb	H2101	4	12.43	"Discharge/issue"

Semantic shift in translation: The LXX bridge is highly faithful. Hebrew tumʼah and Greek akatharsía both denote the abstract quality of ritual/moral impurity (not the adjective "unclean" nor the verb "to defile"). The noun-to-noun mapping is near-exclusive, preserving both the ritual (Levitical) and moral (prophetic) senses without significant semantic shift. The alpha-privative formation of akatharsía (a- + katharos "clean") mirrors the Hebrew derivation from ṭâmêʼ.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G167	ἀκαθαρσία (akatharsía)	10	uncleanness, impurity (moral/sexual)
G169	ἀκάθαρτος (akáthartos)	30	unclean (adj — esp. "unclean spirits")
G168	ἀκαθάρτης (akathártēs)	1	filthiness (hapax — Rev 17:4)

Key NT passages: - Matt 23:27 — "ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness (akatharsía)" — Jesus applies ritual impurity language to moral hypocrisy - Rom 1:24 — "Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness (akatharsía) through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves" — moral degradation as divine judgment - Gal 5:19 — "Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness (akatharsía), lasciviousness" — vice list placement - Eph 4:19 — "Who being past feeling have given themselves over unto lasciviousness, to work all uncleanness (akatharsía) with greediness" - Col 3:5 — "Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness (akatharsía), inordinate affection" - 1 Thess 2:3 — "For our exhortation was not of deceit, nor of uncleanness (akatharsía), nor in guile" — ministerial purity - 1 Thess 4:7 — "For God hath not called us unto uncleanness (akatharsía), but unto holiness"

Library: TODO(need G167 study)

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The abstract-noun status: both tumʼah and akatharsía denote the condition/quality of impurity, not the person or the act - The antithetical pairing with cleanness/holiness: OT tumʼah opposes ṭohŏrâh (H2893) / qodesh (H6944); NT akatharsía opposes hagiasmos (G38 "holiness/sanctification") at 1 Thess 4:7 - The connection to sexual conduct: OT tumʼah covers menstrual and genital discharges (Lev 15); NT akatharsía regularly appears in vice lists alongside porneia ("fornication") and aselgeia ("lasciviousness")

What shifts: - Ritual → moral dominance: OT tumʼah is overwhelmingly ritual-cultic (Levitical bodily impurity, sanctuary pollution). NT akatharsía is overwhelmingly moral-ethical (sexual sin, greed, hypocrisy). The Ezekiel passages (36:17, 25, 29) form the transitional bridge — tumʼah as metaphor for national moral failure. - Cult → character: OT tumʼah is something contracted and removed by priestly ritual (washing, sacrifice, waiting). NT akatharsía is a disposition of the heart (Rom 1:24 "lusts of their own hearts"), overcome by sanctification (1 Thess 4:7), not by ceremony. - Jesus' pivotal reframing: Matt 23:27 applies the classic Levitical imagery (corpse-contact impurity from Num 19:13) to expose internal moral corruption, collapsing the ritual-moral distinction.

TR-qlalah-katara.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-qlalah-katara.md

TR: qelalah → katara (Curse)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)           Greek NT
───────────            ───────────────           ────────
קְלָלָה (qelalah)   →  κατάρα (katara)        →  κατάρα (katara)
H7045, 33x in OT       LXX co-occ: 26x          5x in NT
"vilification, curse"   PMI score: 29.93          "imprecation, curse"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H7045	קְלָלָה (qelalah)	33	vilification, curse, execration

Root: H7043 קָלַל (qalal) — to be light, make light of, curse. The noun qelalah is the formal result — a pronounced curse, especially in covenant contexts.

Key OT passages: - Deut 11:26 — "Behold, I set before you this day a blessing and a curse" — the foundational Deuteronomic formula pairing berakah and qelalah as covenant alternatives - Deut 28:15 — "But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God... all these curses shall come upon thee" — the curse list that Gal 3:10 references - Gen 27:12 — "I shall bring a curse upon me, and not a blessing" — earliest occurrence; Jacob fears the curse of deception

KJV Translation Distribution: | Translation | Verses | |-------------|--------| | a curse / and a curse | 14 | | the curse | 5 | | curse | 2 | | curses / cursings | 4 | | Other | 8 |

Library entry: H7045-qlalah.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occurrence	PMI Score	Notes
qelalah (H7045)	κατάρα (G2671)	26x	29.93	Primary equivalent — 79% of all LXX renderings
qelalah (H7045)	εὐλογία (G2129)	10x	16.23	Appears in antithetic pairs ("blessing and cursing")
qelalah (H7045)	ἀρά (G685)	3x	8.67	Simple imprecation synonym
qelalah (H7045)	καταράομαι (G2672)	3x	7.56	Verb form used where Hebrew has noun

Semantic continuity: The LXX translators chose katara as the near-exclusive rendering of qelalah, maintaining the formal, juridical sense of the Hebrew. The kata- prefix in Greek intensifies the root ara just as the Hebrew noun form intensifies the root qalal. The bridge is remarkably tight — 79% fidelity with a PMI of 29.93.

Reverse lookup (what Hebrew words map to katara in LXX): | Hebrew | Strong's | Co-occurrence | PMI Score | |--------|----------|--------------|-----------| | קְלָלָה (qelalah) | H7045 | 26x | 29.93 | | בְּרָכָה (berakah) | H1293 | 11x | 17.11 | | אָלָה (alah) | H423 | 3x | 8.39 |

The berakah mapping comes from blessing-curse paired passages where both words appear in the same verse and both are translated.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G2671	κατάρα (katara)	5 unique verses	imprecation, execration, curse
G2672	καταράομαι (kataraomai)	4 unique verses	to execrate, to doom
G1944	ἐπικατάρατος (epikataratos)	3 unique verses	accursed, under a curse

Key NT passages: - Gal 3:10 — "as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse" — directly quoting Deut 27:26 (LXX) - Gal 3:13 — "Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us" — quoting Deut 21:23 (LXX) - Jas 3:10 — "Out of the same mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing" — echoes the Deuteronomic blessing/curse pair

Library entry: G2671-katara.md

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Gal 3:10	Deut 27:26	qelalah → katara	"Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things written in the book of the law" — Paul quotes the covenant curse formula verbatim through LXX
Gal 3:13	Deut 21:23	qelalah → katara	"Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree" — the specific Deuteronomic curse applied to crucifixion

Both NT quotations go through the LXX bridge. Paul's argument in Galatians 3 depends on the Deuteronomic framework: the curse is a covenant penalty for failure to keep the whole law, and redemption from it comes through Christ bearing the specific Deuteronomic curse of Deut 21:23.

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The formal, juridical character of the curse — a pronounced sentence, not a personal insult - The Deuteronomic blessing/curse framework (Deut 11:26-28, 28:1-68, 30:1, 19) carries directly into NT usage - The pairing of katara with eulogia (blessing) as antithetical alternatives appears in both testaments (Deut 11:26 → Jas 3:10)

What shifts: - OT usage is predominantly corporate and national (Israel's covenant blessings and curses); NT usage applies the covenant curse to individual standing before God (Gal 3:10) and to Christ's substitutionary bearing of it (Gal 3:13) - The OT land-curse imagery (barrenness, thorns) reappears in Heb 6:8 but as spiritual metaphor rather than literal agricultural warning - 2 Pet 2:14 uses katara as a character descriptor ("children of a curse"), extending beyond the Deuteronomic formula into ethical characterization

Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup, --lexicon) Last updated: 2026-05-03

TR-camak-epitithemi.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-camak-epitithemi.md

TR: samak → epitithemi (Laying On / Imposing)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT              LXX (Greek OT)           Greek NT
───────────           ───────────────           ────────
סָמַךְ (samak)    →   ἐπιτίθημι (epitithemi) →  ἐπιτίθημι (epitithemi)
H5564, 47x             23x as translation        41x in NT
"lean, lay, support"   of samak                  "lay upon, impose"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H5564	סָמַךְ (samak)	47	lay hands on, support, uphold, sustain

Two dominant semantic poles: (1) ritual hand-laying on sacrificial animals / persons for identification and transfer (Lev 1-16, Num 8, 27), and (2) divine or human sustaining/upholding (Psalms, Isaiah).

Key OT passages: - Lev 1:4 — "And he shall put his hand upon the head of the burnt offering; and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for him" - Lev 16:21 — "And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities" - Num 27:23 — "And he laid his hands upon him, and gave him a charge" (commissioning Joshua)

Library entry: H5564-camak.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Count	PMI	Notes
samak (H5564)	ἐπιτίθημι (G2007)	23x	18.14	Primary — ritual hand-laying
samak (H5564)	στηρίζω (G4741)	6x	12.71	For "sustain/establish" sense
samak (H5564)	ἐπιστηρίζω (G1991)	4x	12.51	Intensive "support"
samak (H5564)	ἀντιλαμβάνομαι (G482)	5x	10.72	"Help/support" sense

Other Hebrew words rendered epitithemi: H7760 sum (63x co-occ) — generic "place/set"; H8571 tenuk (7x) — "tip of ear" (priestly anointing formula); H7819 shachat (13x) — "slaughter" (co-translation in sacrificial passages).

Semantic shift: The LXX splits samak's range. Epitithemi captures the physical action of placing-upon (hands on heads, burdens on shoulders). The sustaining/upholding pole maps instead to sterizo/episterizo. The NT inherits epitithemi primarily for the hand-laying gesture.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G2007	ἐπιτίθημι (epitithemi)	41	lay upon, place on, impose, put on, add to

Key NT passages: - Acts 6:6 — "and when they had prayed, they laid their hands on them" (ordaining deacons) - Acts 8:17 — "Then laid they their hands on them, and they received the Holy Ghost" - 1 Tim 5:22 — "Lay hands suddenly on no man, neither be partaker of other men's sins" - Mark 16:18 — "they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover" - Rev 1:17 — "And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not"

Library entry: TODO(need G2007 study)

Direct OT→NT Continuity¶

Usage	OT Pattern (samak)	NT Pattern (epitithemi)
Ordination / Commissioning	Moses lays hands on Joshua (Num 27:18-23, Deut 34:9) — transfers authority and spirit of wisdom	Apostles lay hands on deacons (Acts 6:6), Paul and Barnabas commissioned (Acts 13:3)
Identification / Transfer	Offerer lays hand on sacrifice's head — identification and sin transfer (Lev 1:4, 4:4, 16:21)	No direct NT sacrifice parallel, but Jesus "bears our sins" (1 Pet 2:24) uses different vocabulary
Healing / Blessing	Not prominent in OT samak usage	Jesus and apostles lay hands for healing (Mark 6:5, Luke 4:40, Acts 28:8) — a new dominant usage
Spirit-conferral	Moses → Joshua: "full of the spirit of wisdom" (Deut 34:9)	Apostles → believers: "they received the Holy Ghost" (Acts 8:17, 19:6)

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The physical gesture of placing hands on a head persists from Levitical sacrifice through apostolic practice - The commissioning/ordination function transfers directly: Moses → Joshua becomes apostles → deacons/elders - The concept that hand-laying creates a real connection between the one laying hands and the recipient

What shifts: - The sacrificial hand-laying (samak's largest OT category) has no direct NT ritual counterpart — Christ's sacrifice replaces the entire system - Healing through hand-laying, rare in OT samak usage, becomes a dominant NT pattern - Spirit-conferral, present in one OT instance (Moses → Joshua), becomes a major NT category (Acts 8:17, 19:6) - The NT adds the warning against premature ordination (1 Tim 5:22) — recognizing that hand-laying creates liability

Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source, --lookup) Last updated: 2026-05-05

TR-chata-hamartano.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-chata-hamartano.md

TR: châṭâʼ → hamartanō (To Sin / Miss the Mark)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT             LXX (Greek OT)            Greek NT
───────────           ───────────────            ────────
חָטָא (châṭâʼ)     →  ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō)  →  ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō)
H2398, 220v            151x as translation        37x in NT
"to sin, miss"         of châṭâʼ                  "to sin"

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H2398	חָטָא (châṭâʼ)	220v	to sin, miss the mark; Piel: to purify, cleanse
H2403	חַטָּאָה (chaṭṭâʼâh)	182v	sin, sin offering, purification offering
H2399	חֵטְא (chêṭʼ)	12v	crime, penalty, fault
H2400	חַטָּא (chaṭṭâʼ)	19v	sinful, sinner (adjective)

Key OT passages: - Gen 20:6 — "I also withheld thee from sinning (châṭâʼ) against me" — God preventing sin - 1 Ki 8:46 — "there is no man that sinneth (châṭâʼ) not" — universality of sin - Psa 51:7 — "Purge me (Piel of châṭâʼ) with hyssop, and I shall be clean" — the purification sense - Lev 8:15 — "Moses... purified (Piel of châṭâʼ) the altar" — ritual de-sinning

Canonical study: H2398-chata.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occ	PMI Score	Notes
châṭâʼ (H2398)	ἁμαρτάνω (G264)	151	32.39	Primary equivalent — overwhelmingly dominant
châṭâʼ (H2398)	ἁμαρτία (G266)	62	17.15	Noun used where LXX nominalizes the verb
châṭâʼ (H2398)	ἀδικέω (G91)	10	10.30	For "offend/do wrong" sense
châṭâʼ (H2398)	ἀφίστημι (G868)	13	8.75	For "depart/apostatize" sense

Semantic shift in translation: The LXX preserves the core "miss the mark" etymology (Greek ἁμαρτάνω also originally meant "miss" in Homer). However, the Piel purification sense of châṭâʼ is NOT carried into the Greek verb hamartanō — the LXX uses other verbs (καθαρίζω, ἁγνίζω) for those contexts. This means the remarkable Hebrew semantic link between sinning and purifying (within the same root) is severed in the Greek translation.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G264	ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō)	37v	to sin, miss the mark
G266	ἁμαρτία (hamartia)	145v	sin (abstract or concrete)
G265	ἁμάρτημα (hamartēma)	4v	a sinful deed
G268	ἁμαρτωλός (hamartōlos)	47v	sinful, a sinner

Key NT passages: - Luk 15:18 — "Father, I have sinned (hēmarton) against heaven, and before thee" — echoes the OT confessional formula - Rom 2:12 — "as many as have sinned (hēmarton) without law shall also perish without law" — universality of sin - 1 Jn 1:10 — "If we say that we have not sinned (hēmartēkamen), we make him a liar" - Eph 4:26 — "Be ye angry, and sin not (hamartanete)" — Psa 4:4 quotation

Library: TODO(need G264 study)

Direct OT-to-NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Eph 4:26	Psa 4:4 (LXX 4:5)	châṭâʼ → hamartanō	"Be angry, and sin not" — imperative form preserved across testaments
Luk 15:18, 21	Echoes Exo 9:27; 10:16; Num 22:34	châṭâʼtî → hēmarton	"I have sinned" confessional formula — prodigal son uses the same pattern as Pharaoh, Balaam
Rom 3:23	Echoes Ecc 7:20; 1 Ki 8:46	châṭâʼ → hamartanō	"All have sinned" — universality of sin as OT and NT shared axiom

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The core meaning "to sin against God" carries through unchanged from OT Hebrew to NT Greek - The "I have sinned" confessional formula (Qal perfect → aorist) is preserved verbatim - The universality axiom ("no man that sinneth not") anchors both testamental discussions of human sinfulness - The personal-relational dimension — sinning "against" God or another person — remains central

What shifts: - The Piel/Hithpael purification meaning of the Hebrew root is completely lost in Greek. The LXX translates the Piel of châṭâʼ with katharizō or hagnizō, not hamartanō. This severing means Greek readers cannot see what Hebrew readers saw: that the same root that means "sin" also means "purify from sin" - The Hiphil causative "made [Israel] to sin" (30x in Kings) has no NT structural equivalent — the concept of causing corporate sin through leadership is expressed differently - The literal "miss the mark" sense (Judg 20:16) does not appear in NT usage of hamartanō

Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source) Last updated: 2026-05-03

TR-shalach-apostello.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-shalach-apostello.md

TR: shalach → apostello (Send / Commission)¶

The Chain¶

Hebrew OT             LXX (Greek OT)           Greek NT
──────────            ──────────────            ────────
שָׁלַח (shalach)   →  ἀποστέλλω (apostello)  →  ἀποστέλλω (apostello)
H7971, 790x in OT     LXX co-occ: 443x          130x in NT
"send away/forth"      primary translation        "send forth" (with authority)

OT Usage (Hebrew)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
H7971	שָׁלַח (shalach)	790v	send, send away, let go, put forth, stretch out
H7972	שְׁלַח (shelach)	14v	Aramaic cognate: send, put
H7973	שֶׁלַח (shelach)	8v	missile weapon, dart, sprout (noun derivative)

Key OT passages: - Exo 3:10 — "I will send thee unto Pharaoh" — divine commissioning of Moses - Isa 6:8 — "Whom shall I send?" — prophetic commissioning - Mal 3:1 — "I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way"

H7971-shalach.md

LXX Bridge¶

Hebrew	Greek Translation	Co-occ	PMI Score	Notes
shalach (H7971)	ἀποστέλλω (G649)	443x	29.09	Primary — authoritative sending
shalach (H7971)	ἐξαποστέλλω (G1821)	210x	25.59	Piel "send away" — release/dismiss
shalach (H7971)	ἐκτείνω (G1614)	38x	12.03	"Stretch out" — hand-extending sense
shalach (H7971)	ἐλεύθερος (G1658)	12x	10.99	"Free" — manumission/release sense
shalach (H7971)	ἀποστάσιον (G647)	4x	7.84	"Bill of divorcement" — divorce sense

Reverse bridge — G649 apostello ← Hebrew:

Hebrew Source	Co-occ	Notes
H7971 shalach	443x	Dominant source (82%+)
H4397 mal'ak (messenger)	57x	Indirect — messenger as object of sending
H7972 shelach (Aramaic)	11x	Aramaic cognate

Semantic differentiation in translation: The LXX translators split shalach's broad semantic range into distinct Greek words. ἀποστέλλω captures the core "commission and send on a mission" sense. ἐξαποστέλλω handles the Piel "send away, release, let go" sense (prominent in Exodus Pharaoh passages and Leviticus scapegoat). ἐκτείνω takes over the "stretch out the hand" physical gesture. This differentiation sharpens what is a single Hebrew verb into specialized Greek terms.

NT Usage (Greek)¶

Strong's	Word	Occurrences	Primary Meaning
G649	ἀποστέλλω (apostello)	130v	send forth with commission/authority
G1821	ἐξαποστέλλω (exapostello)	11v	send away, send forth
G652	ἀπόστολος (apostolos)	79v	apostle — "one sent" (noun derivative)
G651	ἀποστολή (apostole)	4v	apostleship — "the office of being sent"

Key NT passages: - Jhn 1:6 — "There was a man sent (apostello) from God, whose name was John" - Luk 4:18 — "He hath sent (apostello) me to preach deliverance to the captives" (quoting Isa 61:1) - Jhn 3:17 — "God sent (apostello) not his Son into the world to condemn the world" - Rom 10:15 — "How shall they preach, except they be sent (apostello)?"

TODO(need G649 study)

Direct OT→NT Quotations¶

NT Verse	Quotes OT	Shared Word	Significance
Mark 1:2	Mal 3:1	shalach → apostello	"I send my messenger before thy face"
Luke 4:18	Isa 61:1	shalach → apostello	"He hath sent me to preach deliverance"
Acts 3:20	(allusion to prophetic pattern)	shalach → apostello	"He shall send Jesus Christ"
John 20:21	(echo of prophetic commissioning)	shalach → apostello	"As my Father hath sent me, even so send I you"

Continuity and Shifts¶

What stays the same across testaments: - The core pattern of authoritative divine commissioning persists: God sends prophets in the OT, God sends the Son and apostles in the NT - The "sent with a message" pattern: prophets are sent to speak God's words (Jer 7:25), apostles are sent to preach the gospel (Rom 10:15) - The word consistently implies the sender's authority invested in the one sent

What shifts: - NT narrows the usage: apostello in the NT almost exclusively means authoritative commissioning — the "let go/release" sense (shalach Piel) is absent, handled by ἀπολύω (apolyo) instead - The noun ἀπόστολος (apostolos) — "apostle" — becomes a technical title in the NT with no direct Hebrew equivalent; the OT uses shalach as a verb without a corresponding agent-noun for "one who is sent" - The Leviticus scapegoat "sending away" (shalach Piel → LXX ἐξαποστέλλω) has no direct NT verbal parallel; the NT uses different vocabulary for the sin-bearing and removal concepts

Generated from: gather_trace_data.py, search_strongs.py (--lxx-map, --hebrew-source) Last updated: 2026-05-05

G142-airo.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G142-airo.md

G142 — αἴρω (aírō)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G142
Original: αἴρω
Transliteration: aírō
Pronunciation: ah'-ee-ro
Part of Speech: Verb (primary root)
Root: Primary root; no derived etymology
Occurrences: 98 unique verses (110 tokens) in NT
First Occurrence: Matt 4:6 — "in [their] hands they shall bear (aírō) thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone"
Hapax Legomenon: No

Lexicon Definition¶

A primary root; to lift up; by implication, to take up or away.

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Verses	%
take up / Take up / took up / to take up / taking up / took ye up	27	28%
Take / to take / take / took / he took / and take / let him take	24	24%
taketh away / take away / taken away / shall be taken away / was taken away	18	18%
Away with / away / away with	9	9%
shall be taken / is taken / was taken up	5	5%
bear / they shall bear / which was borne	5	5%
lifted up / lifted	3	3%
Be thou removed	2	2%
Other (loosing, dost thou make, be put away, to carry)	5	5%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Mark	21	3.1
John	23	2.6
Matthew	20	1.9
Luke	20	1.7
Colossians	1	1.1
1 John	1	1.0
Acts	8	0.8
Ephesians	1	0.6
Revelation	2	0.5
1 Corinthians	1	0.2

Overwhelmingly Gospel-concentrated: 84 of 98 verses (86%) appear in the four Gospels. John has the highest absolute count (23), Mark the highest density (3.1 per 100 verses). Outside the Gospels, Acts accounts for most of the remaining uses (8). The epistles use it only 4 times total. Absent from Romans, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1-2 Thessalonians, Pastorals, Hebrews, James, 2 Peter, 2-3 John, Jude.

Semantic Categories¶

1. Physical Lifting / Carrying / Bearing Up¶

Matt 4:6 — "in [their] hands they shall bear thee up" (angels lifting)
Luke 4:11 — "in [their] hands they shall bear thee up" (parallel)
Matt 27:32 — "him they compelled to bear his cross" (Simon of Cyrene)
Mark 2:3 — "bringing one sick of the palsy, which was borne of four"

2. Picking Up / Gathering Objects¶

John 5:8 — "Rise, take up thy bed, and walk"
John 5:9–12 — healed man "took up his bed, and walked" — Sabbath controversy centered on aírō
Mark 6:43 — "they took up twelve baskets full of the fragments"
Matt 14:20 — "they took up of the fragments that remained twelve baskets full"
Matt 17:27 — "take up the fish that first cometh up"

3. Taking Up One's Cross (Discipleship)¶

Matt 16:24 — "let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me"
Mark 8:34 — "Whosoever will come after me... take up his cross"
Luke 9:23 — "take up his cross daily, and follow me" (Luke adds "daily")

4. Removal / Taking Away¶

Matt 13:12 — "from him shall be taken even that he hath" (parable of stewardship)
Matt 21:43 — "The kingdom of God shall be taken from you"
John 15:2 — "Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away"
Luke 11:52 — "ye have taken away the key of knowledge"
Eph 4:31 — "Let all bitterness... be put away from you"
Col 2:14 — "took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross" (handwriting of ordinances)

5. Taking Away Sin¶

John 1:29 — "Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world"
1 John 3:5 — "he was manifested to take away our sins"
1 Cor 5:2 — "that he that hath done this deed might be taken away from among you" (related: removal of the wicked)

6. Hostile Removal / "Away With!" (Demand for Death)¶

Luke 23:18 — "Away with this [man], and release unto us Barabbas"
John 19:15 — "Away with [him], away with [him], crucify him"
Acts 21:36 — "the multitude of the people followed after, crying, Away with him"
Acts 22:22 — "Away with such a [fellow] from the earth"

7. Lifting Up (Voice, Eyes, Hand)¶

Luke 17:13 — "they lifted up [their] voices, and said, Jesus, Master, have mercy"
Acts 4:24 — "they lifted up their voice to God with one accord"
Rev 10:5 — "the angel... lifted up his hand to heaven"

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
κράββατος (krabbatos)	G2895	8x (8%)	"take up thy bed" — healing command
σταυρός (stauros)	G4716	8x (8%)	"take up his cross" — discipleship
κλάσμα (klasma)	G2801	7x (7%)	"took up fragments" — feeding miracles
λίθος (lithos)	G3037	7x (7%)	"took up stones" / "be thou removed" — stones lifted or moved
ἱμάτιον (himation)	G2440	7x (7%)	"take his garment/clothes" — urgency sayings
Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous)	G2424	13x (13%)	Jesus as speaker or subject of aírō
δίδωμι (didōmi)	G1325	12x (12%)	"take from... give to" — redistribution pattern
τίθημι (tithēmi)	G5087	7x (7%)	"take up... lay down" — contrasting pair (John 10:18)

Word Family / Cognates¶

G522 ἀπαίρω (apaírō) — to lift off, remove (compound: apo + aírō; 3v)
G1808 ἐξαίρω (exaírō) — to remove out, put away (compound: ek + aírō)
G1869 ἐπαίρω (epaírō) — to raise up, lift up (compound: epi + aírō; 19v)
G3332 μεταίρω (metaírō) — to depart (compound: meta + aírō; 2v)
G4868 συναίρω (synaírō) — to reckon together (compound: syn + aírō; 3v)
G5229 ὑπεραίρω (hyperaírō) — to exalt beyond measure (compound: hyper + aírō; 3v)

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
λαμβάνω (lambánō)	G2983	"take," "took"	lambánō = receive/grasp; aírō = lift/remove
βαστάζω (bastázō)	G941	"bear," "took up"	bastázō = carry a sustained weight/burden; aírō = initial lifting or decisive removal
φέρω (phérō)	G5342	"bear," "carry"	phérō = bring/convey toward; aírō = lift up or take away from
ἀφαιρέω (aphairéō)	G851	"taketh away," "take away"	aphairéō = specific removal/stripping off; aírō = broader: lift, carry, or remove
παραλαμβάνω (paralambánō)	G3880	"shall be taken," "taketh," "took"	paralambánō = take along/receive alongside; aírō = remove entirely
ἀναφέρω (anaphérō)	G399	"bear," "offer up"	anaphérō = carry upward / offer sacrificially; aírō = lift or remove without sacrificial connotation

Hebrew Source (via LXX)¶

Hebrew Source	Strong's	Co-occurrences	PMI	Notes
נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ)	H5375	164	24.47	Primary OT equivalent — to lift, bear, carry, take away; same semantic breadth
אָרוֹן (ʾārôn)	H727	31	14.52	Ark (of covenant) — aírō used for "bearing" the ark
מַשָּׂא (massāʾ)	H4853	13	11.82	Burden, oracle — cognate of nāśāʾ
נֵס (nēs)	H5251	8	11.73	Banner, standard — "lift up a banner"
בְּרִית (berîṯ)	H1285	16	7.49	Covenant — "bear/carry the ark of the covenant"

The dominant Hebrew source is H5375 nāśāʾ (164 co-occurrences, PMI 24.47), which shares the same broad semantic range: physical lifting, bearing a burden, carrying away, and bearing/forgiving sin. The LXX translators chose aírō as the primary Greek rendering for nāśāʾ, creating a direct bridge between OT sin-bearing language and NT usage in John 1:29.

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

G115-athetesis.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G115-athetesis.md

G115 — ἀθέτησις (athetēsis)¶

Core Data¶

Strong's: G115
Original: ἀθέτησις
Transliteration: athetēsis
Pronunciation: ath-et'-ay-sis
Part of Speech: Feminine noun
Root: ἀθετέω (atheteō, G114) — to set aside, reject, disannul; itself from α-privative + τίθημι (tithēmi, G5087 — "to place, set")
Occurrences: 2 unique verses (2 tokens) in NT — both in Hebrews
First Occurrence: Heb 7:18 — "For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof."
Hapax Legomenon: No (dis legomenon — exactly 2 occurrences)

Lexicon Definition¶

From ἀθετέω (G114); cancellation (literally or figuratively): disannulling, put away.

The word is an action-noun (suffix -σις) from the verb ἀθετέω, which means "to regard as not placed" (α + τίθημι) — i.e., to treat as invalid, null, or void. The noun denotes the act or result of setting aside, abrogating, or annulling something previously established.

Louw-Nida Semantic Domain¶

Domain 76: Power, Force
Domain 13.001: State (Be, Become, Exist, Happen)
Glosses: to reject, to regard as invalid, annulment

Domain 76 Neighbors (Power, Force)¶

Strong's	Word	Verses	Primary KJV Translation
G114	ἀθετέω	16	despiseth, reject
G208	ἀκυρόω	3	making of none effect
G2647	καταλύω	20	destroy
G2673	καταργέω	32	shall destroy, abolished
G2758	κενόω	7	is made void
G2964	κυρόω	2	confirm
G4300	προκυρόω	1	confirmed before

The domain placement is significant: athetēsis sits within a cluster of words about legal authority — validating, invalidating, confirming, and annulling. The cognate verb ἀθετέω (G114, 16 occurrences) is translated "despiseth" (5x), "reject" (3x), "frustrate" (1x), "disannulleth" (1x), "cast off" (1x).

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Translation	Count	%
a disannulling	1	50%
put away	1	50%

Distribution by Book¶

Book	Count	Per 100 Verses
Hebrews	2	0.7

Exclusively Hebrews. Both occurrences fall within the central argument of Hebrews 7-9 concerning the supersession of the Levitical priesthood and old covenant system.

Morphological Distribution¶

Form	Parsing	Verse
ἀθέτησις	Nom Sg F (N-NSF)	Heb 7:18
ἀθέτησιν	Acc Sg F (N-ASF)	Heb 9:26

Nominative in 7:18 (subject: "there is a disannulling"), accusative in 9:26 (purpose/result: "for the putting away of sin").

Semantic Categories¶

1. Legal Abrogation — Setting Aside a Prior Ordinance¶

Heb 7:18 — "For there is verily a disannulling (athetēsis) of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof."

The context is the replacement of the Levitical priesthood by the Melchizedek order. The "commandment going before" (proagousēs entolēs) refers to the Mosaic regulation establishing the Aaronic priesthood (cf. Heb 7:11-16). Athetēsis here is a juridical act: formal annulment of a legal provision because it proved "weak and unprofitable" (asthenēs kai anōphelēs, v. 18b).

2. Elimination / Removal — Putting Away Sin¶

Heb 9:26 — "but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to put away (eis athetēsin) sin by the sacrifice of himself."

Here eis athetēsin + genitive (hamartias) expresses purpose: "for the cancellation of sin." The construction parallels the legal usage in 7:18 — sin is treated as something with standing that must be formally set aside or annulled. The means specified is "by the sacrifice of himself" (dia tēs thysias autou). The word "once" (hapax) and the temporal phrase "in the end of the world" (epi synteleia tōn aiōnōn) underscore the unrepeatable, eschatological finality of this cancellation.

Common Collocations¶

Word	Strong's	Co-occurrences	Typical Pattern
ἐντολή (entolē)	G1785	1x (Heb 7:18)	"disannulling of the commandment" — object being annulled
ἀνωφελής (anōphelēs)	G512	1x (Heb 7:18)	"weakness and unprofitableness" — grounds for annulment
ἀσθενής (asthenēs)	G772	1x (Heb 7:18)	paired with anōphelēs as reason for the disannulling
ἁμαρτία (hamartia)	G266	1x (Heb 9:26)	"putting away of sin" — object being cancelled
θυσία (thysia)	G2378	1x (Heb 9:26)	"by the sacrifice of himself" — means of cancellation
ἅπαξ (hapax)	G530	1x (Heb 9:26)	"once" — the cancellation is unrepeatable
συντέλεια (synteleia)	G4930	1x (Heb 9:26)	"end of the world" — eschatological timing
καταβολή (katabolē)	G2602	1x (Heb 9:26)	"foundation of the world" — temporal contrast
προάγω (proagō)	G4254	1x (Heb 7:18)	"commandment going before" — identifies the prior ordinance

With only 2 occurrences, every co-occurring content word appears exactly once. The collocations divide cleanly by verse: 7:18 clusters around legal terminology (commandment, weakness, unprofitableness), while 9:26 clusters around sacrificial-eschatological terminology (sin, sacrifice, once, end of the world).

Word Family / Cognates¶

G114 ἀθετέω (atheteō) — verb: to set aside, reject, regard as invalid (16 occurrences). Root verb from which athetēsis derives. KJV translations: "despiseth" (5x), "reject" (3x), "frustrate" (1x), "disannulleth" (1x), "cast off" (1x), "despise" (1x). Appears in Heb 10:28 within the same Hebrews argument.
G5087 τίθημι (tithēmi) — ultimate root verb: to place, set, lay. The α-privative negation yields the sense of "un-placing" or rendering invalid.
G4388 προτίθεμαι (protithemai) — from πρό + τίθημι: to set before, purpose. Appears in Rom 3:25 ("whom God hath set forth as a propitiation") and Eph 1:9 ("his good pleasure which he purposed"). Semantic counterpart: protithemai puts forward, athetēsis sets aside.

Easily Confused Words¶

Word	Strong's	Shared Translation	Key Difference
καταργέω (katargeō)	G2673	both express "abolish/annul"	katargeō = render inoperative, nullify by superior power (27x); athetēsis = formal setting aside of something previously established (2x). katargeō is broader (used of death, law, rulers).
αἴρω (airō)	G142	both "put away/take away"	airō = physically lift up or remove (102x); athetēsis = legal/formal cancellation. 1 John 3:5 uses airō for Christ taking away sins — physical removal imagery vs. athetēsis's juridical annulment.
ἀφίημι (aphiēmi)	G863	both "put away"	aphiēmi = release, forgive, let go (146x); athetēsis = formal abrogation. aphiēmi carries the sense of debt-release or pardon; athetēsis treats the thing annulled as having legal standing that is voided.
ἀφαιρέω (aphaireō)	G851	both express removal	aphaireō = physically take away, cut off (10x); Heb 10:4 uses aphaireō for the inability of bull/goat blood to "take away sins" — spatial removal vs. athetēsis's legal nullification.

Semantic Domain¶

Domain 76 — Power, Force: athetēsis belongs to a subdomain of authority-words concerning the validation or invalidation of legal provisions. Its closest neighbors are atheteō (G114, verb form), akuroō (G208, "make of none effect"), and katargeō (G2673, "render inoperative").
Domain 13.001 — State: In this secondary classification, athetēsis describes the transition of something from valid/operative to invalid/void — a change of state.

Hebrew Source¶

No Hebrew source via LXX. The noun ἀθέτησις does not appear in the Septuagint; it is a New Testament formation. The cognate verb ἀθετέω (G114) renders various Hebrew terms in the LXX (e.g., H898 bagad "deal treacherously," H6565 parar "break, frustrate"), but athetēsis itself has no direct Hebrew antecedent.

Grammar Reference Library Data¶

passages/heb-9-11-22.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/grammar-reference/passages/heb-9-11-22.md

Grammar Analysis: Hebrews 9:11-22 (The Blood of Christ and Covenantal Blood-Purification)¶

Mode: Passage unit analysis (context-neutral) Scope: Heb 9:11-22 as a coherent argumentative unit — the greater mediation of Christ the high priest (vv.11-12), the a fortiori purification of conscience (vv.13-14), the covenant-death logic (vv.15-17), and the Sinai-covenant blood-ritual paradigm (vv.18-22). Aim: Verse-by-verse parsing; tense/mood/voice map; documentation of the load-bearing grammatical features: (a) the paired διά-constructions in vv.11-12 (instrumental vs. locative), (b) παραγενόμενος as antecedent/circumstantial aor.mid.ptcp., (c) εἰσῆλθεν + ἐφάπαξ (aor. of once-for-all entry) paired with εὑράμενος (aor.mid.ptcp. "having obtained"), (d) the a fortiori (πόσῳ μᾶλλον) correlation in vv.13-14, (e) the attenuated future καθαριεῖ with future-purpose articular infinitive εἰς τὸ λατρεύειν, (f) the διαθήκη / διαθέμενος wordplay of vv.15-17 (covenant vs. last-will / testator), (g) the genitive absolute λαληθείσης πάσης ἐντολῆς (v.19), (h) the perfect passive ἐγκεκαίνισται (v.18) as resultant-state, (i) the gnomic-present maxim χωρὶς αἱματεκχυσίας οὐ γίνεται ἄφεσις (v.22). Grammar only; theological conclusions deferred.

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

passages/dan-8-14.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/grammar-reference/passages/dan-8-14.md

Grammar Analysis: Daniel 8:14¶

Text¶

Hebrew: וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י עַ֚ד עֶ֣רֶב בֹּ֔קֶר אַלְפַּ֖יִם וּשְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵאֹ֑ות וְנִצְדַּ֖ק קֹֽדֶשׁ KJV: And he said unto me, Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed.

Word-by-Word Parsing¶

#	Word	Lemma	Parsing	Gloss
1	וַ	ו	Conj	and
2	יֹּאמֶר	אמר	Verb.Qal.Wayq.3ms	and he said
3	אֵלַי	אל	Prep.+1cs	to me
4	עַד	עד	Prep	unto
5	עֶרֶב	ערב	Noun.ms.Abs	evening
6	בֹּקֶר	בקר	Noun.ms.Abs	morning
7	אַלְפַּיִם	אלף	Noun.dual.Abs	two thousand
8	וּ	ו	Conj	and
9	שְׁלֹשׁ	שׁלשׁ	Noun.s.Cst	three
10	מֵאוֹת	מאה	Noun.fp.Abs	hundred
11	וְ	ו	Conj	and
12	נִצְדַּק	צדק	Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms	be just/vindicated
13	קֹדֶשׁ	קדשׁ	Noun.ms.Abs	holiness/holy place

Clause Structure¶

Clause	Type	Domain	Function	Text
1	Way0 (wayyiqtol narrative)	N (narration)	Introduction	וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי — "And he said to me"
2	Ellp (elliptical)	Q (quotation)	Time phrase	עַד עֶרֶב בֹּקֶר אַלְפַּיִם וּשְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת — "Unto evening morning 2,300"
3	WQtX (weqatal-X)	Q (quotation)	Main prediction	וְנִצְדַּק קֹדֶשׁ — "and [the] holy place shall be vindicated"

Construct Chain¶

שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת — "three of hundreds" (= 300) — construct + absolute

Key Grammatical Features¶

1. וְנִצְדַּק — Niphal Perfect 3ms of צדק¶

Stem: Niphal (passive) — the subject receives the action
Tense: Perfect with waw (וְ) in prophetic context = future certainty (prophetic perfect)
Significance: The sanctuary is the RECIPIENT of vindication — passive voice. This is the ONLY Niphal occurrence of צדק in the entire OT.
KJV translates as "cleansed" but the Hebrew root צדק means "to be righteous/just/vindicated" — not ritual cleansing. The ritual cleansing word would be טָהֵר (taher, H2891).
Word study: H6663-tsadaq.md

2. קֹדֶשׁ — Noun.ms.Abs (subject of passive verb)¶

As subject of Niphal verb: The holy place is what receives vindication
Without article: Lacks the definite article (הַ) yet functions as definite from context — the sanctuary already under discussion in Dan 8:11-13

3. עֶרֶב בֹּקֶר — Asyndetic noun pair¶

Asyndeton (no conjunction between "evening" and "morning") suggests a compound time unit, not two separate things
The pair functions as a single measurement: "evening-morning" = one unit

4. Clause 2 is Elliptical¶

No explicit verb — the entire time phrase "unto evening-morning 2,300" serves as the temporal framework
Clause 3 (WQtX) provides the main predication: what happens AFTER the 2,300

Cross-References¶

Word study: H6663 tsadaq
Grammar library: No concept entries yet

Generated from: hebrew_parser.py (--verse, --clause, --construct), KJV text Last updated: 2026-03-31

passages/lev-18-24-30.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/grammar-reference/passages/lev-18-24-30.md

Grammar Analysis: Leviticus 18:24–30 (The "Land Vomited Them Out" Paradigm)¶

Key Grammatical Features¶

1. קיא "vomit" — The Rare Verb and its Morphological Triad (vv. 25, 28)¶

The root קיא occurs only 11 times in the Hebrew Bible (9 verbal + 2 nominal; parser count via --lemma "קיא"), distributed across Lev 18:25, 28; Lev 20:22; Isa 19:14; 28:8; Jer 48:26; Jon 2:11; Job 20:15; Prov 23:8; 25:16. In the verbal domain it has only two active stems: Qal (intransitive "vomit") and Hiphil (causative / transitive "cause to vomit → spew out"). Lev 18 deploys all three morphological forms:

Verse	Form	Parsing	Force
25b	וַתָּקִא	Hiphil Wayq.3fs	narrative-past: land spewed out prior nations
28a	תָקִיא	Hiphil Impf.3fs	prospective-negative: land might spew out Israel
28b	קָאָה	Qal Perf.3fs	comparative-past: land vomited (intrans.) the nation

The Hiphil is morphologically unambiguous: pre-formative tāqîʾ (3fs) preserves the -î- vowel under Ia-Aleph / III-Aleph conditioning, and the wayyiqtol wat-tāqīʾ shows the expected shortened form. The Hiphil in Lev 18 is transitive-causative: the land is the grammatical subject and the displaced people are the direct object (אֶת־יֹשְׁבֶיהָ, אֶתְכֶם, אֶת־הַגּוֹי).

The Qal qatal in v. 28b (קָאָה) appears to be used interchangeably with the Hiphil of v. 25b (both 3fs; both take אֶת + object) — but BHSA parses it as Qal Perfect. This is the rare Qal-transitive of an emetic verb: the land "vomits" (Qal) with the displaced-nation as a secondary-accusative object, grammatically parallel to Prov 23:8 qēʾaḵā ʾăšer-ʾāḵaltā təqîʾennâ where the Hiphil also takes a direct object. The interchange underscores that the grammatical distinction here is not causative-vs-simple but rather tense-aspect alternation for stylistic variation between the two comparison-members (was vomited / will be vomited on the Hiphil future vs. vomited on the Qal past-comparative).

Subject animacy: הָאָרֶץ "the land" is feminine singular; the 3fs verb-forms (תָּקִא / תָקִיא / קָאָה / תִּטְמָא) bind the verbs to the land itself as the agent. This is the load-bearing grammatical choice — not "God cast them out" but "the land vomited them out." YHWH's only 1cs verb in the pericope is וָאֶפְקֹד ("I reckoned," v. 25a) — a juridical act (setting the accounts) — but the expulsion itself is carried out by the land. The grammar encodes a mediated agency: YHWH reckons, the land expels.

Semantic field: The verb belongs to the semantic field of involuntary bodily rejection — the same verb is used for Jonah spewed out by the fish (Jon 2:11, Hiphil), the drunkard's vomit (Isa 19:14; 28:8; Jer 48:26; Prov 25:16; Job 20:15), and the rich man's ill-gotten-wealth-regurgitation (Job 20:15). The ecological metaphor thus construes the land as a stomach that cannot tolerate abominations and involuntarily expels them by physiological necessity, not by moral deliberation.

2. טמא "defile" — The Five-Stem Concentric Spiral (vv. 24, 25, 27, 28, 30)¶

The same root טמא appears seven times in this pericope in five different morphological forms, creating a concentric spiral that tracks the contagion-logic:

Verse	Form	Parsing	Subject → Object	Voice-diathesis
24a	תִּטַּמְּאוּ	Hithpael Impf.2mp	Israel → themselves	Reflexive-self-defiling
24b	נִטְמְאוּ	Niphal Perf.3p	nations (past)	Passive-have-been-defiled
25a	תִּטְמָא	Qal Wayq.3fs	land (past-narrative)	Stative/ingressive "became unclean"
27b	תִּטְמָא	Qal Wayq.3fs	land (past-narrative, reprise)	Stative/ingressive
28a	טַמַּאֲכֶם	Piel InfCon.+2mp	Israel → land (prospective)	Piel transitive-causative: "your defiling (it)"
30a	תִטַּמְּאוּ	Hithpael Impf.2mp	Israel → themselves	Reflexive-self-defiling (closure)

Note on the count: the table lists six finite occurrences plus one infinitive — seven surface occurrences of the root across five morphological paradigms (Hithpael impf., Niphal perf., Qal wayq., Piel infCon, Hithpael impf. closure).

What the stem-alternation encodes:

Hithpael (vv. 24a, 30a) = self-defilement — the agent and the patient are the same (Israel). Frame-sets the vetitive (v. 24) and concluding command (v. 30).
Niphal (v. 24b) = became-defiled (passive or middle) — the prior nations are the subject; the abominations did the defiling to them. The Niphal here is not merely passive but medio-passive: the nations suffered defilement as the natural consequence of their abominations.
Qal (vv. 25a, 27b) = stative-ingressive of the land itself — intransitive, "it became unclean" / "it entered a state of uncleanness." The Qal stem for the land (vs. the Hithpael for people, and the Piel for action upon the land) grammatically constructs the land as patient when acted on and agent (through the קיא Hiphil) when reacting.
Piel (v. 28a, InfCon ṭammaʾăḵem "your defiling") = transitive-causative — Israel's action (inf + 2mp suff as subject) upon the land (אֹתָהּ as direct object). This is the middle-step: you (Piel) make it (land) unclean, so it (Qal) becomes unclean, so it (Hiphil of קיא) expels you.

The grammatical chain as theological argument:

Hithpael (you defile SELVES, v. 24)
    ↓ (extends contact-impurity)
Piel     (you defile the LAND, v. 28)
    ↓ (land enters unclean state)
Qal      (the LAND is-defiled, vv. 25, 27)
    ↓ (land reacts)
Hiphil of קיא  (LAND vomits YOU out, vv. 25, 28)

This is a grammatical sorites — the stem-progression itself carries the theological argument that self-defilement necessarily propagates to land-defilement and necessarily produces land-expulsion. The root טמא is the medium of the contagion; the stems are the stages of its propagation.

Cross-references: See H2931-tame for the lexical data on this root and stem-niphal for the Niphal-passive dynamics in v. 24b.

3. Corporate–Ecological Agency: The Feminine-Singular Land as Subject (vv. 25, 27, 28)¶

הָאָרֶץ is morphologically feminine singular (Noun.s.Abs, governed by 3fs verb-concord). In Lev 18:24–30 it appears five times as a gramma

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

hebrew/stem-niphal.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/grammar-reference/hebrew/stem-niphal.md

Niphal Stem (Hebrew)¶

Definition¶

The Niphal (נִפְעַל) is the N-stem in Hebrew, formed by prefixing נ (nun) to the root. It primarily expresses:

Simple passive — the subject receives the action
Reflexive — the subject acts on itself
Tolerative/middle — the subject allows or submits to an action

Form Recognition¶

Perfect: נִ prefix — נִקְטַל (niqtal), e.g., נִצְדַּק (Dan 8:14), נִשְׁחָתָה (Gen 6:12)
Imperfect: Dagesh in first root letter — יִקָּטֵל (yiqqatel), e.g., יִכָּרֵת (Gen 9:11)
Participle: נִ prefix — נִקְטָל, e.g., נִרְאֶה (Gen 12:7)
Imperative: הִ prefix — הִקָּטֵל, e.g., הִפָּרֶד (Gen 13:9)
Infinitive Construct: הִ prefix — הִקָּטֵל, e.g., הִבָּרְאָם (Gen 2:4)
Parser code: sp=verb vs=nif

Tense Distribution (from 500 occurrences sampled)¶

Tense	Count	%
Imperfect	174	35%
Perfect	143	29%
Participle	66	13%
Wayyiqtol	64	13%
Infinitive Construct	27	5%
Imperative	21	4%
Infinitive Absolute	5	1%

Functions with Examples¶

1. Simple Passive (most common)¶

The subject receives the action performed by an external agent.

Reference	Hebrew	Parsing	KJV
Gen 1:9	יִקָּווּ	Niphal.Impf.3mp of קוה	"Let the waters be gathered together"
Gen 9:11	יִכָּרֵת	Niphal.Impf.3ms of כרת	"neither shall all flesh be cut off"
Gen 7:23	יִּמָּחוּ	Niphal.Wayq.3mp of מחה	"they were destroyed" (wiped out)
Dan 8:14	נִצְדַּק	Niphal.Perf.3ms of צדק	"shall be cleansed" (lit. vindicated)

2. Reflexive¶

The subject performs the action on itself.

Reference	Hebrew	Parsing	KJV
Gen 3:10	אֵחָבֵא	Niphal.Wayq.1s of חבא	"I hid myself"
2 Sam 22:24	אֶשְׁתַּמֵּר	Niphal of שׁמר	"have kept myself from mine iniquity"
Gen 13:9	הִפָּרֶד	Niphal.Impv.2ms of פרד	"separate thyself"

3. Tolerative / Middle¶

The subject allows or submits to the action — neither fully active nor fully passive.

Reference	Hebrew	Parsing	KJV
Isa 65:1	נִדְרַשְׁתִּי	Niphal.Perf.1s of דרשׁ	"I am sought of them that asked not"
Gen 12:7	יֵּרָא	Niphal.Wayq.3ms of ראה	"the LORD appeared unto Abram" (allowed himself to be seen)
Gen 6:6	יִּנָּחֶם	Niphal.Wayq.3ms of נחם	"it repented the LORD" (was grieved within himself)

Common Niphal Verbs¶

Verb	Gloss in Niphal	Occurrences (sampled)
ראה (ra'ah)	be seen, appear	38
שׁאר (sha'ar)	remain, be left	32
אכל (akal)	be eaten	24
עשׂה (asah)	be made, be done	23
שׁבע (shaba)	swear (reflexive)	21
מצא (matsa)	be found	21
מול (mul)	be circumcised	17
נצב (natsab)	stand, take one's stand	14
קבץ (qabats)	be gathered	12
כרת (karath)	be cut off	12

Contrast with Other Passive/Reflexive Stems¶

Stem	Type	Function	Example
Niphal	Simple passive/reflexive	Subject receives action or acts on self	נִכְרַת "was cut off"
Pual	Intensive passive	Subject receives intensified action	כֻּפַּר "was atoned for"
Hophal	Causative passive	Subject is caused to undergo action	הָשְׁלַךְ "was thrown down"
Hithpael	Reflexive/iterative	Subject acts on self repeatedly	הִתְהַלֵּךְ "walked about"

The Niphal is the most common passive stem. Pual and Hophal are rarer and more specialized.

Generated from: hebrew_parser.py --search "sp=verb vs=nif" (500 results sampled), KJV text Last updated: 2026-03-31

hebrew/stem-hiphil.md¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/grammar-reference/hebrew/stem-hiphil.md

Hiphil Stem (Hebrew)¶

[Entry excerpted in main file for size; full canonical entry read from source path listed above.]

Fresh Lookups For Entries Without Library Files¶

H3725¶

Source: Fresh lookup (no library entry listed in PROMPT.md)

`--lexicon`¶

============================================================
  H3725: כִּפֻּר
============================================================
  Transliteration: kippur
  Pronunciation:   kip-poor
  Part of Speech:  masculine plural noun (n)
  BLB Count:       8

  Definition:
    ; from ; expiation (only in plural):—atonement.

  Outline of Biblical Usage:
    Exodus 29:36 ; 30:10 ; 30:16 Leviticus 23:27 ; 23:28 ; 25:9 Numbers 5:8
    ; 29:11 Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon [?]

`--lookup`¶

H3725 - 8 total occurrences, 5 unique translations:

     4 ( 50.0%) #########################                          of atonement
     1 ( 12.5%) ######                                             atonement
     1 ( 12.5%) ######                                             of atonements
     1 ( 12.5%) ######                                             of the atonement
     1 ( 12.5%) ######                                             the

`--lxx-map`¶

============================================================
  H3725: כִּפֻּר (kippur)
  ; from ;  expiation (only in plural):—atonement.
============================================================

Greek LXX translations (ranked by PMI-weighted):

  G266: ἁμαρτία (hamartía)
          count: 3, PMI: 4.73, score: 6.56
          -ah; from ; a sin (properly abstract):—offence, si...
  G4012: περί (perí)
          count: 3, PMI: 4.57, score: 6.33
          ; from the base of ; properly, through (all over),...
  G2250: ἡμέρα (hēméra)
          count: 4, PMI: 2.92, score: 4.70
          -ah; feminine (with  implied) of a derivative of &...
  G4771: σύ (sý)
          count: 5, PMI: 1.47, score: 2.64
          the personal pronoun of the second person singular...
  G2962: κύριος (kýrios)
          count: 5, PMI: 1.42, score: 2.55
          -ree-os; from &#x3BA;&#x1FE6;&#x3C1;&#x3BF;&#x3C2;...
  G1510: εἰμί (eimí)
          count: 4, PMI: 1.57, score: 2.52
          ; the first person singular present indicative; a ...
  G3956: πᾶς (pâs)
          count: 3, PMI: 1.26, score: 1.75
          including all the forms of declension; apparently ...
  G1722: ἐν (en)
          count: 4, PMI: 0.78, score: 1.25
          a primary preposition denoting (fixed) position (i...
  G846: αὐτός (autós)
          count: 5, PMI: 0.46, score: 0.82
          ; from the particle &#x3B1;&#x1F56; a&#xFB; (perha...
  G3588: ὁ (ho)
          count: 7, PMI: 0.21, score: 0.44
          the definite article; the (sometimes to be
  G2532: καί (kaí)
          count: 5, PMI: -0.19, score: -0.34
          apparently, a primary particle, having a copulativ...

H7126¶

Source: Fresh lookup (no library entry listed in PROMPT.md)

`--lexicon`¶

============================================================
  H7126: קָרַב
============================================================
  Transliteration: qârab
  Pronunciation:   kaw-rab
  Part of Speech:  verb (v)
  BLB Count:       280

  Definition:
    ; a primitive root; to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever
    purpose:—(cause to) approach, (cause to) bring (forth, near), (cause to)
    come (near, nigh), (cause to) draw near (nigh), go (near), be at hand,
    join, be near, offer, present, produce, make ready, stand, take.

  Outline of Biblical Usage:
    Genesis 12:11 ; 12:11 ; 12:11 ; 20:4 ; 20:4 ; 27:41 ; 37:18 ; 37:18 ;
    47:27 Exodus 3:5 ; 12:48 ; 14:10 ; 14:20 ; 16:9 ; 16:9 ; 22:7 ; 28:1 ;
    29:3 ; 29:3 ; 29:4 ; 29:8 ; 29:10 ; 32:19 ; 36:2 ; 36:2 ; 40:12 ; 40:14
    Leviticus 1:2 ; 1:5 ; 1:14 ; 1:15 ; 2:1 ; 2:4 ; 2:8 ; 3:1 ; 3:3 ; 3:6 ;
    3:7 ; 3:12 ; 3:14 ; 4:3 ; 4:14 ; 6:7 ; 6:7 ; 7:12 ; 7:16 ; 7:33 ; 7:35 ;
    8:6 ; 8:13 ; 8:18 ; 8:22 ; 8:24 ; 9:9 ; 10:1 ; 10:4 ; 10:5 ; 16:1 ; 18:6
    ; 18:14 ; 18:19 ; 20:16 ; 21:6 ; 21:8 ; 21:17 ; 21:17 ; 21:18 ; 21:21 ;
    22:3 ; 22:18 ; 23:8 ; 23:16 ; 23:25 Numbers 3:4 ; 3:6 ; 5:16 ; 5:25 ;
    6:16 ; 7:2 ; 7:10 ; 7:11 ; 7:18 ; 7:19 ; 8:9 ; 8:10 ; 9:6 ; 15:9 ; 15:33
    ; 16:5 ; 16:9 ; 16:10 ; 16:17 ; 16:35 ; 17:3 ; 17:4 ; 17:5 ; 18:2 ; 18:4
    ; 25:6 ; 26:61 ; 27:5 ; 29:13 ; 29:36 ; 31:50 ; 31:50 Deuteronomy 1:17 ;
    2:19 ; 2:37 ; 5:24 ; 15:9 ; 20:2 ; 20:10 ; 22:14 ; 25:11 ; 31:14 Joshua
    3:3 ; 7:14 ; 7:14 ; 7:16 ; 7:17 ; 7:18 ; 8:23 ; 10:24 ; 10:24 ; 17:4
    Judges 3:17 ; 3:17 ; 3:18 ; 3:18 ; 5:25 ; 19:13 ; 20:24 1 Samuel 10:20 ;
    10:21 ; 14:36 ; 17:48 2 Samuel 15:5 ; 20:16 ; 20:16 ; 20:16 1 Kings 2:1
    ; 2:7 ; 20:29 2 Kings 16:12 ; 16:14 2 Chronicles 35:12 Job 31:37 ; 31:37
    ; 33:22 Psalms 27:2 ; 27:2 ; 32:9 ; 55:19 ; 65:5 ; 65:5 ; 69:19 ; 69:19
    ; 72:10 ; 91:10 ; 119:169 Proverbs 5:8 Ecclesiastes 5:1 Isaiah 5:8 ;
    5:19 ; 8:3 ; 26:17 ; 34:1 ; 41:1 ; 41:5 ; 41:21 ; 41:21 ; 46:13 ; 46:13
    ; 48:16 ; 57:3 ; 65:5 Jeremiah 30:21 Lamentations 3:57 ; 4:18 Ezekiel
    9:1 ; 12:23 ; 18:6 ; 22:4 ; 36:8 ; 36:8 ; 37:17 ; 37:17 ; 42:14 ; 44:15
    ; 44:16 ; 44:27 ; 46:4 Hosea 7:6 ; 7:6 Jonah 1:6 Zephaniah 3:2 ; 3:2
    Malachi 1:8 ; 3:5 ; 3:5 Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon [?] Read the
    Full Entry

`--lookup`¶

H7126 - 353 total occurrences, 197 unique translations:

    16 (  4.5%) ##                                                 And
    10 (  2.8%) #                                                  to offer
     9 (  2.5%) #                                                  And he brought
     8 (  2.3%) #                                                  near
     7 (  2.0%)                                                    offer
     6 (  1.7%)                                                    he shall offer
     6 (  1.7%)                                                    and
     6 (  1.7%)                                                    shall bring
     6 (  1.7%)                                                    approach
     5 (  1.4%)                                                    Come near
     5 (  1.4%)                                                    thou shalt offer
     5 (  1.4%)                                                    shall offer
     5 (  1.4%)                                                    brought
     5 (  1.4%)                                                    But ye shall offer
     4 (  1.1%)                                                    come near
     4 (  1.1%)                                                    thou shalt bring
     4 (  1.1%)                                                    ye shall offer
     4 (  1.1%)                                                    And he shall offer
     4 (  1.1%)                                                    that offereth
     4 (  1.1%)                                                    and offer
     4 (  1.1%)                                                    that cometh nigh
     4 (  1.1%)                                                    offered
     4 (  1.1%)                                                    come nigh
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    drew nigh
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    came
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    And thou shalt bring
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    bring
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    drew near
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    when they offered
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    shall
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    to come near
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    and brought
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    came near
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    draweth near
     3 (  0.8%)                                                    shall come
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    are at hand
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    nigh
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    then
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    ye shall bring
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    then he shall bring
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    will offer
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    he shall offer it
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    Go
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    thou shalt
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    offereth
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    and ye shall offer
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    And ye shall offer
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    they bring
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    And ye came near
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    thou comest nigh
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    come
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    And they came near
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    So
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    to draw near
     2 (  0.6%)                                                    shall come near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he was come near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    had
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he came near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Draw
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    let him come near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    shall be brought
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    take
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and bring
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    And thou shalt cause
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    to be brought
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he came nigh
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    to come
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and when they came near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    let him offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he shall bring it
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    shall bring it
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    thou bring
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and when it is presented
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    thou offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    then shall he offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    then he shall offer it
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    then let him bring
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    who shall offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    they shall offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    shalt thou offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he hath offered
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he offer it
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    then he shall offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    that he offereth
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    men offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    He that offereth
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    He
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he presented
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    therefore went
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and offered
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    So they went near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    have they offered
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Who shall offer it
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he shall bring
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    shall approach
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    do offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    let him
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he shall
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    goeth
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    they will offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    shall ye
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    ye shall
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Ye shall
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    shall ye offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    but ye shall offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    men bring
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    they do
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Bring
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    That
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and they brought
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    even
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    They shall offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he that offered
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    did offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    He offered
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and they came
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    we may
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he brought
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Then
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he that offereth
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Then shall he bring
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    in offering
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    And they
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    will he cause to come near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    to bring
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    And he hath brought
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and bring ye
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    that offered
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    they offered them
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    had offered
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    bring thou
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    they shall
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    must
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Then came
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    when ye bring
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    We have therefore brought
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    thou camest
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    that ye came near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    is at hand
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    when ye are come nigh
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and when I came
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    therefore ye shall be brought
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and he brought
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    will approach
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    she brought forth
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and let us draw near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    And when
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    had caused
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    When he had caused
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Let us draw near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and drew nigh
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    that when
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    came nigh
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    And when he was come near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Now
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    they came
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    that
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    was joined
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    approached
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    he brought also
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and they offered
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    would I go near unto him
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Yea
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    When
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    they come near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and causest to approach
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Draw nigh
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    They draw nigh
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Let
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    lay
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and let
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    draw nigh
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    And I went
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    let us come near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Produce
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    I bring near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Come ye near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    it shall
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    draw near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Stand
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and I will cause him to draw near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Thou drewest near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    is near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    Cause them
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    hath come near
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and thou hast caused
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    they are at hand
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    came together
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    And join
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    and shall approach
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    And thou shalt offer them
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    when ye offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    they have made ready
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    she drew
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    they offer
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    offer it
     1 (  0.3%)                                                    And I will come

`--lxx-map`¶

============================================================
  H7126: קָרַב (qârab)
  ; a primitive root;  to approach (causatively, bring near) for whateve...
============================================================

Greek LXX translations (ranked by PMI-weighted):

  G4374: προσφέρω (prosphérō)
          count: 83, PMI: 5.89, score: 26.08
          -o; from  and  (including its alternate); to bear ...
  G4317: προσάγω (proságō)
          count: 82, PMI: 5.81, score: 25.67
          -o; from  and ; to lead towards, i.e. (transitivel...
  G4334: προσέρχομαι (prosérchomai)
          count: 38, PMI: 5.39, score: 19.73
          -khom-ahee; from  and  (including its alternate); ...
  G1435: δῶρον (dōron)
          count: 42, PMI: 4.61, score: 17.36
          -ron; a present; specially, a sacrifice:—gift, off...
  G1448: ἐγγίζω (engízō)
          count: 36, PMI: 4.69, score: 16.94
          -zo; from ; to make near, i.e. (reflexively) appro...
  G299: ἄμωμος (ámōmos)
          count: 21, PMI: 4.68, score: 14.48
          -o-mos; from  (as a negative particle) and ; unble...
  G3646: ὁλοκαύτωμα (holokaútōma)
          count: 28, PMI: 3.77, score: 12.70
          -to-mah; from a derivative of a compound of  and a...
  G1725: ἔναντι (énanti)
          count: 30, PMI: 3.70, score: 12.70
          -an-tee; from  and ; in front (i.e. figuratively, ...
  G2: Ἀαρών (Aarṓn)
          count: 38, PMI: 3.30, score: 12.09
          ; of Hebrew origin []; Aaron, the brother of Moses...
  G2175: εὐωδία (euōdía)
          count: 13, PMI: 4.56, score: 12.03
          -ah; from a compound of  and a derivative of ; goo...
  G2378: θυσία (thysía)
          count: 34, PMI: 3.35, score: 11.91
          -ah; from ; sacrifice (the act or the victim, lite...
  G4331: προσεγγίζω (prosengízō)
          count: 7, PMI: 5.66, score: 11.78
          -zo; from  and ; to approach near:—come nigh.
  G3744: ὀσμή (osmḗ)
          count: 13, PMI: 4.33, score: 11.44
          ; from ; fragrance (literally or figuratively):—od...
  G241: ἀλλογενής (allogenḗs)
          count: 7, PMI: 4.44, score: 9.24
          ; from  and ; foreign, i.e. not a Jew:—stranger.
  G286: ἀμνός (amnós)
          count: 12, PMI: 3.53, score: 9.07
          ; apparently a primary word; a lamb:—lamb.

H2076¶

Source: Fresh lookup (no library entry listed in PROMPT.md)

`--lexicon`¶

============================================================
  H2076: זָבַח
============================================================
  Transliteration: zâbach
  Pronunciation:   zaw-bakh
  Part of Speech:  verb (v)
  BLB Count:       134

  Definition:
    ; a primitive root; to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice):—kill,
    offer, (do) sacrifice, slay.

  Outline of Biblical Usage:
    Genesis 31:54 ; 31:54 ; 31:54 ; 46:1 Exodus 3:18 ; 3:18 ; 8:21 ; 8:22 ;
    8:23 ; 8:24 ; 13:15 ; 13:15 ; 20:24 ; 20:24 ; 20:24 ; 34:15 ; 34:15
    Leviticus 9:4 ; 17:5 ; 17:5 ; 17:5 ; 17:5 ; 17:7 ; 19:5 ; 19:5 ; 22:29 ;
    22:29 Numbers 22:40 Deuteronomy 12:15 ; 12:21 ; 15:21 ; 15:21 ; 16:2 ;
    16:2 ; 16:5 ; 16:6 ; 17:1 ; 17:1 ; 27:7 ; 32:17 Joshua 8:31 Judges 16:23
    1 Samuel 1:3 ; 1:5 ; 15:15 ; 28:24 2 Samuel 15:12 1 Kings 3:2 ; 3:3 ;
    3:3 ; 8:5 ; 8:5 ; 8:63 ; 8:63 ; 11:8 ; 11:8 ; 12:32 ; 12:32 ; 13:2 ;
    13:2 ; 19:21 ; 22:44 2 Kings 12:4 ; 14:4 ; 15:4 ; 15:35 ; 16:4 ; 23:20 1
    Chronicles 15:26 2 Chronicles 5:6 ; 5:6 ; 5:6 ; 11:16 ; 18:2 ; 18:2 ;
    28:4 ; 28:23 ; 30:22 ; 30:22 ; 33:22 ; 33:22 Psalms 4:6 ; 27:6 ; 50:14 ;
    50:14 ; 50:14 ; 50:23 ; 106:37 ; 106:37 ; 106:38 ; 106:38 ; 106:38 ;
    116:17 Isaiah 66:3 Ezekiel 16:20 ; 16:20 ; 34:3 ; 34:3 ; 39:17 ; 39:18 ;
    39:19 ; 39:19 Hosea 4:13 ; 4:13 ; 4:14 ; 4:14 ; 4:14 ; 11:2 ; 11:2 ;
    12:12 ; 12:12 ; 12:12 ; 13:2 Jonah 2:10 Habakkuk 1:16 ; 1:16 Malachi
    1:14 ; 1:14 Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon [?] Read the Full Entry

`--lookup`¶

H2076 - 149 total occurrences, 93 unique translations:

     9 (  6.0%) ###                                                offered
     8 (  5.4%) ##                                                 sacrifice
     8 (  5.4%) ##                                                 to sacrifice
     7 (  4.7%) ##                                                 sacrificed
     5 (  3.4%) #                                                  and sacrificed
     5 (  3.4%) #                                                  And
     4 (  2.7%) #                                                  offer
     3 (  2.0%) #                                                  do sacrifice
     3 (  2.0%) #                                                  to offer
     3 (  2.0%) #                                                  they sacrificed
     3 (  2.0%) #                                                  they sacrifice
     2 (  1.3%)                                                    and offered
     2 (  1.3%)                                                    and sacrifice
     2 (  1.3%)                                                    Thou shalt
     2 (  1.3%)                                                    and
     2 (  1.3%)                                                    sacrificing
     2 (  1.3%)                                                    did sacrifice
     2 (  1.3%)                                                    Offer
     2 (  1.3%)                                                    They sacrifice
     2 (  1.3%)                                                    that sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    Then
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    that we may sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    that they may do sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    we shall sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    shall we sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    that ye may sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and shalt sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    He that sacrificeth
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and have sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and do sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and offer
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    they shall
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    ye offer
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    ye shall offer it
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    ye will offer
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    thou mayest kill
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    then thou shalt kill
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    thou shalt
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    sacrifice it
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    Thou shalt therefore sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    thou sacrificedst
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    thou shalt sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    them that offer
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    And thou shalt offer
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    They sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    they shall offer
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and they sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    for to offer
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and to sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    was
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    that sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and killed it
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    he sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    while he offered
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    slew
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    And he hath slain
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and hath slain
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    he offered
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    shall he offer
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and slew them
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    And he sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    shall ye do sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    And he slew
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    that they offered
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    then he sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    And they sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    And they offered
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    killed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    He sacrificed also
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    For he sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    will I sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    offering
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    of them that had sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    will they sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    Also
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    they offered
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    therefore will I offer
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    Whoso offereth
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    I will
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    Yea, they sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    And let them sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    I will offer
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    to him that sacrificeth
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    sacrificeth
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    that sacrificeth
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    he that sacrificeth
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and these hast thou sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and they offered
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    ye kill them
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    I have sacrificed
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    will sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    for sacrifice
     1 (  0.7%)                                                    and sacrificeth

`--lxx-map`¶

============================================================
  H2076: זָבַח (zâbach)
  ; a primitive root;  to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice):—ki...
============================================================

Greek LXX translations (ranked by PMI-weighted):

  G2380: θύω (thýō)
          count: 90, PMI: 7.23, score: 32.60
          -o; a primary verb; properly, to rush (breathe har...
  G2378: θυσία (thysía)
          count: 35, PMI: 4.45, score: 15.96
          -ah; from ; sacrifice (the act or the victim, lite...
  G5308: ὑψηλός (hupsēlŏs)
          count: 18, PMI: 4.32, score: 12.73
          ; from ; lofty (in place or character):—high(-er, ...
  G3448: μόσχος (móschos)
          count: 18, PMI: 3.97, score: 11.68
          -khos; probably strengthened for &#x1F79;&#x3C3;&#...
  G704: ἀρήν (arḗn)
          count: 4, PMI: 6.92, score: 11.13
          ; perhaps the same as ; a lamb (as a male):—lamb.
  G4263: πρόβατον (próbaton)
          count: 15, PMI: 3.44, score: 9.53
          -at-on; probably neuter of a presumed derivative o...
  G4992: σωτήριον (sōtḗrion)
          count: 10, PMI: 3.87, score: 9.28
          -ree-on; neuter of the same as  as (properly, conc...
  G2370: θυμιάω (thymiáō)
          count: 6, PMI: 4.70, score: 9.14
          -o; from a derivative of  (in the sense of smoking...
  G1140: δαιμόνιον (daimónion)
          count: 3, PMI: 6.28, score: 8.71
          -ee-on; neuter of a derivative of ; a dæmonic bein...
  G133: αἴνεσις (aínesis)
          count: 6, PMI: 4.36, score: 8.48
          -ee-nes-is; from ; a praising (the act), i.e. (spe...
  G2907: κρέας (kréas)
          count: 6, PMI: 3.94, score: 7.66
          -as; perhaps a primary word; (butcher's) meat:—fle...
  G399: ἀναφέρω (anaphérō)
          count: 8, PMI: 3.46, score: 7.60
          -o; from  and ; to take up (literally or figurativ...
  G2172: εὔχομαι (eúchomai)
          count: 5, PMI: 4.12, score: 7.39
          -khom-ahee; middle voice of a primary verb; to wis...
  G4133: πλήν (plḗn)
          count: 9, PMI: 3.09, score: 7.11
          from ; moreover (besides), i.e. albeit, save that,...
  G1608: ἐκπορνεύω (ekporneúō)
          count: 4, PMI: 4.29, score: 6.91
          -o; from  and ; to be utterly unchaste:—give self ...

H7819¶

Source: Fresh lookup (no library entry listed in PROMPT.md)

`--lexicon`¶

============================================================
  H7819: שָׁחַט
============================================================
  Transliteration: shâchaṭ
  Pronunciation:   shaw-khat
  Part of Speech:  feminine noun, verb (n-f)
  BLB Count:       81

  Definition:
    ; a primitive root; to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre):—kill,
    offer, shoot out, slay, slaughter.

  Outline of Biblical Usage:
    Genesis 22:10 ; 22:10 ; 37:31 Exodus 12:6 ; 12:21 ; 12:21 ; 29:11
    Leviticus 1:5 ; 1:11 ; 3:2 ; 4:24 ; 4:24 ; 4:24 ; 6:25 ; 7:2 ; 9:8 ;
    14:5 ; 14:6 ; 14:13 ; 14:50 ; 14:51 ; 17:3 Numbers 11:22 ; 14:16 ; 19:3
    Judges 12:6 ; 12:6 1 Samuel 1:25 ; 14:32 ; 14:34 1 Kings 18:40 2 Kings
    10:7 ; 10:14 ; 25:7 2 Chronicles 29:22 ; 29:24 ; 30:15 ; 35:1 ; 35:6 ;
    35:6 ; 35:11 Ezra 6:20 Isaiah 22:13 ; 22:13 ; 57:5 ; 66:3 ; 66:3
    Jeremiah 9:8 ; 39:6 ; 39:6 ; 39:6 ; 41:7 ; 52:10 ; 52:10 Ezekiel 16:21 ;
    16:21 ; 23:39 ; 23:39 ; 40:39 ; 40:39 ; 40:41 ; 40:42 ; 44:11 Hosea 5:2
    Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon [?] Read the Full Entry

`--lookup`¶

H7819 - 93 total occurrences, 62 unique translations:

     5 (  5.4%) ##                                                 and kill
     4 (  4.3%) ##                                                 And he shall kill
     4 (  4.3%) ##                                                 and slew
     3 (  3.2%) #                                                  they kill
     3 (  3.2%) #                                                  and slay
     3 (  3.2%) #                                                  And he slew
     3 (  3.2%) #                                                  they slew
     3 (  3.2%) #                                                  And
     3 (  3.2%) #                                                  slew
     2 (  2.2%) #                                                  to slay
     2 (  2.2%) #                                                  and killed
     2 (  2.2%) #                                                  and
     2 (  2.2%) #                                                  be killed
     2 (  2.2%) #                                                  that
     2 (  2.2%) #                                                  he shall kill
     2 (  2.2%) #                                                  killeth
     2 (  2.2%) #                                                  shall slay
     2 (  2.2%) #                                                  and slew them
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    shall kill
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    And thou shalt kill
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    And thou shalt slay
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    Then shalt thou kill
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    Thou shalt
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    offer
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    and kill it
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    shall be killed
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    is killed
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    shall
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    shall they kill
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    And he killed
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    and slew it
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    He slew also
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    killed
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    And he shall slay
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    slain
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    and shall kill
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    Then shall he kill
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    ye shall
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    kill
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    Shall
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    be slain
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    therefore he hath slain them
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    and slew him
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    And they slew
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    So they killed
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    likewise, when they had killed
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    they killed also
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    killed them
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    Then they killed
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    and they killed
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    So kill
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    And they killed
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    and killing
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    slaying
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    He that killeth
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    shot out
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    Then
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    slew them
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    he slew
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    That thou hast slain
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    For when they had slain
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    to make slaughter

`--lxx-map`¶

============================================================
  H7819: שָׁחַט (shâchaṭ)
  ; a primitive root;  to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre):—kill, of...
============================================================

Greek LXX translations (ranked by PMI-weighted):

  G4969: σφάζω (spházō)
          count: 58, PMI: 8.09, score: 32.98
          -zo; a primary verb; to butcher (especially an ani...
  G129: αἷμα (haîma)
          count: 25, PMI: 4.86, score: 15.83
          -ee-mah; of uncertain derivation; blood, literally...
  G3448: μόσχος (móschos)
          count: 14, PMI: 4.46, score: 12.08
          -khos; probably strengthened for &#x1F79;&#x3C3;&#...
  G3646: ὁλοκαύτωμα (holokaútōma)
          count: 12, PMI: 4.47, score: 11.46
          -to-mah; from a derivative of a compound of  and a...
  G2007: ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi)
          count: 13, PMI: 4.30, score: 11.35
          -ay-mee; from  and ; to impose (in a friendly or h...
  G2380: θύω (thýō)
          count: 9, PMI: 4.76, score: 10.97
          -o; a primary verb; properly, to rush (breathe har...
  G2379: θυσιαστήριον (thysiastḗrion)
          count: 14, PMI: 3.88, score: 10.51
          -ree-on; from a derivative of ; a place of sacrifi...
  G2945: κύκλῳ (kýklōi)
          count: 11, PMI: 4.23, score: 10.50
          -klo; as if dative case of &#x3BA;&#x1F7B;&#x3BA;&...
  G2: Ἀαρών (Aarṓn)
          count: 12, PMI: 3.56, score: 9.12
          ; of Hebrew origin []; Aaron, the brother of Moses...
  G1725: ἔναντι (énanti)
          count: 9, PMI: 3.88, score: 8.93
          -an-tee; from  and ; in front (i.e. figuratively, ...
  G266: ἁμαρτία (hamartía)
          count: 12, PMI: 3.43, score: 8.80
          -ah; from ; a sin (properly abstract):—offence, si...
  G3757: οὗ (hoû)
          count: 6, PMI: 4.49, score: 8.73
          genitive case of  as adverb; at which place, i.e.
  G2409: ἱερεύς (hiereús)
          count: 15, PMI: 2.91, score: 8.07
          ; from ; a priest (literally or figuratively):—(hi...
  G2776: κεφαλή (kephalḗ)
          count: 9, PMI: 3.26, score: 7.51
          ; from the primary &#x3BA;&#x1F71;&#x3C0;&#x3C4;&#...
  G3957: πάσχα (páscha)
          count: 3, PMI: 5.14, score: 7.12
          -khah; of Chaldee origin (compare ); the Passover ...

H8549¶

Source: Fresh lookup (no library entry listed in PROMPT.md)

`--lexicon`¶

============================================================
  H8549: תָּמִים
============================================================
  Transliteration: tâmîym
  Pronunciation:   taw-meem
  Part of Speech:  adjective (adj)
  BLB Count:       91

  Definition:
    ; from ; entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun)
    integrity, truth:—without blemish, complete, full, perfect, sincerely
    (-ity), sound, without spot, undefiled, upright(-ly), whole.

  Outline of Biblical Usage:
    Genesis 6:9 ; 6:9 ; 17:1 Exodus 12:5 Leviticus 3:9 ; 23:15 ; 23:15 ;
    25:30 Deuteronomy 18:13 ; 32:4 Joshua 10:13 ; 24:14 Judges 9:16 ; 9:19 1
    Samuel 14:41 2 Samuel 22:24 ; 22:26 ; 22:31 ; 22:33 Job 12:4 ; 36:4 ;
    36:4 ; 37:16 ; 37:16 Psalms 15:2 ; 18:24 ; 18:26 ; 18:31 ; 18:33 ; 19:8
    ; 37:18 ; 101:2 ; 101:6 ; 119:1 ; 119:1 ; 119:80 Proverbs 1:12 ; 2:21 ;
    11:5 ; 11:20 ; 11:20 ; 28:10 ; 28:18 Ezekiel 15:5 ; 28:15 ; 43:22 ;
    43:25 Amos 5:10 Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon [?] Read the Full Entry

`--lookup`¶

H8549 - 91 total occurrences, 21 unique translations:

    43 ( 47.3%) #######################                            without blemish
    13 ( 14.3%) #######                                            perfect
     6 (  6.6%) ###                                                without spot
     6 (  6.6%) ###                                                upright
     4 (  4.4%) ##                                                 uprightly
     3 (  3.3%) #                                                  whole
     2 (  2.2%) #                                                  and sincerely
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    complete
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    full
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    without blemish)
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    in sincerity
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    a perfect
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    he that is perfect
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    of him which is perfect
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    of the upright
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    the undefiled
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    sound
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    and whole
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    and the perfect
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    of the perfect
     1 (  1.1%)                                                    but the upright

`--lxx-map`¶

============================================================
  H8549: תָּמִים (tâmîym)
  ; from ;  entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) ...
============================================================

Greek LXX translations (ranked by PMI-weighted):

  G299: ἄμωμος (ámōmos)
          count: 61, PMI: 7.84, score: 32.36
          -o-mos; from  (as a negative particle) and ; unble...
  G286: ἀμνός (amnós)
          count: 21, PMI: 5.96, score: 18.42
          ; apparently a primary word; a lamb:—lamb.
  G3448: μόσχος (móschos)
          count: 20, PMI: 4.67, score: 14.23
          -khos; probably strengthened for &#x1F79;&#x3C3;&#...
  G3646: ὁλοκαύτωμα (holokaútōma)
          count: 15, PMI: 4.49, score: 12.45
          -to-mah; from a derivative of a compound of  and a...
  G4317: προσάγω (proságō)
          count: 12, PMI: 4.66, score: 11.94
          -o; from  and ; to lead towards, i.e. (transitivel...
  G1016: βοῦς (boûs)
          count: 13, PMI: 4.47, score: 11.78
          probably from the base of ; an ox (as grazing), i....
  G4374: προσφέρω (prosphérō)
          count: 11, PMI: 4.59, score: 11.40
          -o; from  and  (including its alternate); to bear ...
  G730: ἄῤῥην (árrhēn)
          count: 7, PMI: 5.31, score: 11.05
          -hrane; probably from ; male (as stronger for lift...
  G2056: ἔριφος (ériphos)
          count: 5, PMI: 5.99, score: 10.73
          -if-os; perhaps from the same as  (through the ide...
  G5046: τέλειος (téleios)
          count: 4, PMI: 6.36, score: 10.23
          -i-os; from ; complete (in various applications of...
  G4263: πρόβατον (próbaton)
          count: 13, PMI: 3.79, score: 10.00
          -at-on; probably neuter of a presumed derivative o...
  G3741: ὅσιος (hósios)
          count: 5, PMI: 5.06, score: 9.07
          -ee-os; of uncertain affinity; properly, right (by...
  G2175: εὐωδία (euōdía)
          count: 5, PMI: 4.80, score: 8.59
          -ah; from a compound of  and a derivative of ; goo...
  G1417: δύο (dýo)
          count: 15, PMI: 3.02, score: 8.38
          -o; a primary numeral; &quot;two&quot;:—both, twai...
  G2338: θῆλυς (thēlys)
          count: 4, PMI: 5.15, score: 8.29
          -loos; from the same as ; female:—female, woman.

Required Occurrence Checks¶

Direct database occurrence report: H5375¶

Word: נָשָׂא
Transliteration: nâsâʼ
Pronunciation: naw-saw
POS: v / verb
Lexicon count: 654
Definition: ; or נָסָה nâçâh; (Psalm 4:6 [7]), a primitive root; to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative:—accept, advance, arise, (able to, (armor), suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring (forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease, exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further, give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable ( man), lade, lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, needs, obtain, pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare, stir up, swear, take (away, up), utterly, wear, yield.

Translation	Count
lifted up	27
And	20
and	19
lift up	18
shall bear	17
that bare	16
to bear	16
bear	14
Lift up	12
and lifted up	12
take	11
that	10
bearing	9
his armourbearer	8
shall	8
and took	7
take up	7
up	7
Take	6
brought	6
And he took up	5
I lifted up	5
and carried	5
and his armourbearer	5
away	5
which bare	5
Take up	4
Then	4
and they lifted up	4
bring	4
carry	4
forgive	4
hath lifted up	4
have lifted up	4
that bear	4
took up	4
were lifted up	4
And he lifted up	3
I will lift up	3
Thou shalt	3
accept	3
and bear	3
and they shall bear	3
and took up	3
armourbearer	3
bare	3
beareth	3
bringing	3
carrying	3
let	3
pardon	3
regard	3
shall be carried	3
shall be exalted	3
shall lift up	3
then he shall bear	3
to carry	3
took	3
took me up	3
ye shall bear	3
And they took up	2
I bare	2
I have borne	2
I lift up	2
I will	2
Set up	2
Then I lifted up	2
Then lifted I up	2
able to bear	2
and carried them	2
and he lifted up	2
and honourable	2
and lift up	2
and she obtained	2
and take up	2
and they carried away	2
and took it	2
and when	2
carried	2
did lift up	2
do I lift up	2
doth	2
forgiven	2
forgiving	2
hath	2
he will	2
laden	2
laid	2
lifted	2
may be borne	2
respect	2
shall bring	2
shall take	2
shalt thou bear	2
spare	2
stirred him up	2
taketh	2
they bear	2
they shall bear	2
they shall take	2
thou shalt	2
took away	2
wherefore lift up	2
yet have they borne	2
After that they have borne	1
And he lift up	1
And he shall set up	1
And he that beareth	1
And he took	1
And he will lift up	1
And they brought	1
And they brought him	1
And they brought it	1
And they laded	1
And they lifted up	1
And they shall bear	1
And they shall bear the punishment	1
And they shall take up	1
And they took	1
And when he had lifted up	1
And when he had taken him	1
And when they lifted up	1
But ye have borne	1
Carry him	1
Carry them	1
For when ye offer	1
Forgive	1
He shall receive	1
He will	1
I did bear	1
I did swear	1
I do bear	1
I have	1
I have accepted	1
I have suffered	1
I suffer	1
I sware	1
I take	1
I will bear	1
I will fetch	1
I will take	1
I will take away	1
I would take it	1
Let	1
Let me	1
Let them take	1
Let us lift up	1
Lift up thyself	1
Lift ye up	1
Moreover	1
Or suffer	1
Set ye up	1
Shall	1
So	1
So I lifted up	1
So they took up	1
Suffer me	1
Take away	1
Take me up	1
Take ye	1
That thou shalt take up	1
Then did	1
Therefore he lifted up	1
They bear him	1
They shall bear thee up	1
They take	1
They took	1
Thou hast forgiven	1
Thou liftest me up	1
Will ye accept	1
a desire	1
accepteth	1
also accepted	1
also will I lift up	1
and I must bear it	1
and I took up	1
and accept	1
and advanced him	1
and bare up	1
and be ye lift up	1
and bring	1
and brought it	1
and extolled	1
and fetched them	1
and forgive	1
and have accepted	1
and he shall take	1
and he that beareth	1
and high	1
and is lifted up	1
and it shall bring forth	1
and lift them up	1
and lofty One	1
and married	1
and one bearing	1
and set	1
and set up	1
and shall be exalted	1
and shall bear	1
and shalt lift up	1
and take	1
and that it might bear	1
and the honourable	1
and the honourable man	1
and they bare	1
and they bare it	1
and they furthered	1
and they that bare	1
and they took away	1
and thou shalt bear	1
and thou shalt carry me	1
and to take	1
and took away	1
and when those were lifted up	1
any	1
are lifted up	1
bare thee	1
bare them	1
be borne	1
be laid	1
beareth them	1
brought forth	1
burned them	1
but have been partial	1
but they shall bear	1
can I myself	1
can bear	1
carrieth him away	1
cast	1
desire	1
do I take	1
dost thou	1
doth bear	1
even lift	1
forgavest	1
forth	1
had furnished	1
had taken	1
hast borne	1
hath borne	1
hath he given	1
hath lifted thee up	1
hath taken him up	1
have I lifted up	1
have taken	1
have taken us away	1
he also that beareth	1
he bear	1
he brought	1
he exalted	1
he had advanced him	1
he had exalted	1
he shall bear	1
he took	1
he took up	1
he will accept	1
help him	1
helped	1
high	1
in lifting up thyself	1
is burned	1
it might	1
lest they bear	1
lift I up	1
lift itself up	1
lift thou up	1
lift up himself	1
lift up thyself	1
lift ye up yourselves	1
lifted me up	1
lifteth thee up	1
may bear	1
may contain	1
must needs	1
obtained	1
ought to carry	1
raise	1
raise up	1
regardeth	1
set up	1
setteth	1
shall be taken away	1
shall carry	1
shall carry thee	1
shall carry them away	1
shall ease	1
shall exalt themselves	1
shall he swear	1
shall it exalt itself	1
shall receive	1
shall suffer	1
shall take him up	1
shall take them away	1
shall they carry away	1
shall ye bear	1
shalt bear	1
shalt receive	1
shalt thou lift up	1
she obtained	1
should I hold up	1
so shall he lift it up	1
so shalt thou bear	1
so that he was magnified	1
stirred	1
suffer	1
take me away	1
taken	1
taketh up	1
than I can bear	1
that I lifted up	1
that did wear	1
that forgavest	1
that he lifted up	1
that he will take	1
that pardoneth	1
that set up	1
that they lifted up	1
that they might bring	1
the armourbearer	1
then I could have borne	1
then I will spare	1
then shall	1
there was lifted up	1
they	1
they have taken	1
they lifted up	1
they respected	1
they set	1
they shall	1
they shall bring	1
they shall even bear	1
they shall take up	1
they should bear	1
they take away	1
they that bare	1
they took	1
they will carry	1
thou barest	1
thou hadst sworn	1
thou hast forgiven	1
thou hast lifted me up	1
thou lift up	1
thou mayest bear	1
thou shalt bear	1
thou shalt take	1
thou shouldest take	1
thou takest	1
thou wilt forgive	1
to accept	1
to carry away	1
to carry it	1
to pluck	1
to wear	1
took him up	1
took them	1
unto his armourbearer	1
utterly	1
was	1
was lifted up	1
we pray thee, forgive	1
wearing	1
went on	1
when I lift up	1
when I lifted up	1
when he hath taken away	1
when he lifteth up	1
when they that bare	1
which are carried	1
which lifted up	1
which took away	1
will I	1
will I accept	1
will I bear	1
will I lift up myself	1
will I take up	1
will bear	1
will he regard	1
would	1
ye do	1
ye have borne	1
ye shall be borne	1
yield	1

lifted up (27)¶

1Ch 21:16, 1Sa 11:4, 1Sa 24:16, 1Sa 30:4, 2Sa 13:34, 2Sa 18:28, 2Sa 3:32, Exo 14:10, Eze 10:16, Eze 10:19, Eze 20:15, Eze 20:23, Gen 13:10, Gen 22:13, Gen 22:4, Gen 24:64, Gen 27:38, Gen 33:1, Hab 3:10, Isa 2:12, Isa 2:14, Jdg 2:4, Jer 52:31, Lev 9:22, Num 14:1, Num 24:2, Psa 24:4

And (20)¶

1Ch 15:15, 1Ch 21:16, 1Ki 13:29, 1Sa 24:16, 2Ch 24:3, 2Sa 13:34, Amo 6:10, Exo 12:34, Exo 28:29, Eze 10:19, Eze 27:32, Gen 13:10, Gen 22:13, Gen 24:64, Gen 27:38, Gen 33:1, Lev 16:22, Lev 9:22, Num 14:1, Num 24:2

and (19)¶

1Ch 23:22, 1Ki 8:3, 1Sa 11:4, 2Ch 25:19, 2Ch 5:4, 2Ch 6:22, 2Ki 14:10, 2Sa 3:32, 2Sa 4:4, 2Sa 5:21, Exo 28:12, Exo 28:30, Eze 8:3, Gen 46:5, Jos 6:12, Mal 2:3, Mic 4:1, Nah 1:5, Num 24:7

lift up (18)¶

Eze 11:22, Eze 23:27, Eze 33:25, Eze 8:5, Gen 21:18, Gen 40:13, Gen 40:19, Isa 2:4, Isa 42:11, Isa 42:2, Jer 11:14, Jer 7:16, Job 10:15, Lam 2:19, Mic 4:3, Num 6:26, Psa 10:12, Psa 93:3

shall bear (17)¶

Exo 28:12, Exo 28:29, Exo 28:30, Eze 12:12, Eze 36:7, Jos 6:4, Lev 16:22, Lev 19:8, Lev 24:15, Lev 7:18, Num 18:1, Num 18:1, Num 18:23, Num 1:50, Num 5:31, Num 9:13, Zec 6:13

that bare (16)¶

1Ch 12:24, 1Ch 15:26, 1Ch 15:27, 1Ki 10:2, 1Ki 5:15, 1Sa 14:1, 1Sa 14:6, 1Sa 17:41, 2Ch 14:8, 2Ch 14:8, 2Ch 9:1, 2Sa 18:15, Jdg 3:18, Jos 3:15, Jos 3:17, Jos 4:18

to bear (16)¶

Deu 10:8, Deu 1:9, Exo 25:27, Exo 27:7, Exo 30:4, Exo 37:14, Exo 37:15, Exo 37:27, Exo 37:5, Exo 38:7, Isa 1:14, Jer 17:27, Lev 10:17, Lev 22:16, Num 11:14, Num 4:15

bear (14)¶

Deu 1:12, Eze 16:52, Eze 18:19, Eze 18:20, Eze 18:20, Eze 23:35, Eze 34:29, Gen 36:7, Hag 2:12, Jer 17:21, Jer 44:22, Jos 6:6, Num 11:17, Pro 30:21

Lift up (12)¶

Gen 13:14, Gen 31:12, Isa 40:26, Isa 49:18, Isa 51:6, Isa 60:4, Jer 13:20, Jer 3:2, Psa 134:2, Psa 24:7, Psa 24:9, Zec 5:5

and lifted up (12)¶

2Ki 19:22, 2Sa 13:36, 2Sa 18:24, Eze 20:5, Gen 29:11, Isa 2:13, Isa 37:23, Isa 6:1, Jdg 21:2, Jdg 9:7, Zec 5:1, Zec 6:1

take (11)¶

1Ch 21:24, 2Ki 9:26, Deu 5:11, Exo 20:7, Eze 19:1, Ezr 9:12, Gen 27:3, Hos 1:6, Neh 13:25, Num 1:49, Psa 139:20

that (10)¶

1Ki 14:28, 2Ki 20:17, Exo 25:14, Exo 25:28, Exo 28:38, Eze 45:11, Gen 39:7, Isa 39:6, Jdg 2:4, Jer 15:15

bearing (9)¶

2Sa 15:24, Gen 37:25, Jos 3:14, Jos 3:3, Jos 6:13, Jos 6:8, Num 10:17, Num 10:21, Psa 126:6

his armourbearer (8)¶

1Ch 10:4, 1Ch 10:4, 1Ch 10:5, 1Sa 14:12, 1Sa 14:12, 1Sa 31:4, 1Sa 31:5, Jdg 9:54

shall (8)¶

Deu 28:50, Eze 18:20, Eze 18:20, Gen 40:13, Gen 40:19, Isa 2:4, Mic 2:4, Mic 4:3

and took (7)¶

1Ch 11:18, 1Sa 17:20, 1Sa 17:34, 2Sa 23:16, Eze 10:7, Jdg 16:31, Jdg 21:23

take up (7)¶

Amo 5:1, Eze 27:2, Eze 28:12, Eze 32:2, Hab 2:6, Mic 2:4, Psa 16:4

up (7)¶

Exo 35:26, Eze 11:1, Eze 17:9, Eze 19:1, Eze 8:3, Psa 24:9, Rth 2:18

Take (6)¶

Jos 4:3, Num 26:2, Num 31:26, Num 4:2, Num 4:22, Psa 81:2

brought (6)¶

1Ch 18:2, 1Ch 18:6, 1Ki 10:11, 2Sa 8:2, 2Sa 8:6, Exo 10:13

And he took up (5)¶

Num 23:18, Num 23:7, Num 24:15, Num 24:23, Num 24:3

I lifted up (5)¶

Eze 20:28, Eze 20:42, Eze 20:6, Eze 47:14, Zec 2:1

and carried (5)¶

2Ki 23:4, 2Ki 25:13, 2Ki 7:8, 2Ki 7:8, Jer 52:17

and his armourbearer (5)¶

1Sa 14:13, 1Sa 14:13, 1Sa 14:14, 1Sa 14:17, 1Sa 31:6

away (5)¶

Amo 4:2, Hos 1:6, Isa 57:13, Mal 2:3, Mic 2:2

which bare (5)¶

Deu 31:25, Deu 31:9, Jos 4:10, Jos 4:9, Jos 8:33

Take up (4)¶

2Ki 4:36, 2Ki 9:25, Jos 3:6, Jos 6:6

Then (4)¶

1Sa 30:4, Eze 3:12, Gen 22:4, Gen 29:1

and they lifted up (4)¶

1Sa 6:13, Gen 37:25, Rth 1:9, Zec 5:9

bring (4)¶

1Ch 16:29, 2Sa 17:13, Job 40:20, Psa 96:8

carry (4)¶

1Ch 23:26, Gen 44:1, Isa 40:11, Lev 10:4

forgive (4)¶

1Sa 25:28, Exo 10:17, Isa 2:9, Jos 24:19

hath lifted up (4)¶

2Sa 20:21, Eze 18:12, Eze 18:15, Eze 18:6

have lifted up (4)¶

Eze 36:7, Psa 83:2, Psa 93:3, Psa 93:3

that bear (4)¶

Isa 52:11, Jos 3:13, Jos 3:8, Jos 4:16

took up (4)¶

1Ki 13:29, 1Ki 8:3, 2Ch 5:4, Jos 6:12

were lifted up (4)¶

Eze 1:19, Eze 1:19, Eze 1:20, Eze 1:21

And he lifted up (3)¶

2Ki 9:32, Gen 33:5, Gen 43:29

I will lift up (3)¶

Isa 49:22, Psa 121:1, Psa 63:4

Thou shalt (3)¶

Deu 5:11, Exo 20:7, Exo 23:1

accept (3)¶

Job 13:10, Job 32:21, Mal 1:8

and bear (3)¶

Eze 16:52, Eze 32:30, Num 14:33

and they shall bear (3)¶

Exo 18:22, Eze 44:12, Num 11:17

and took up (3)¶

2Ki 4:37, Jos 4:8, Num 24:21

armourbearer (3)¶

1Sa 14:7, 1Sa 16:21, 2Sa 23:37

bare (3)¶

1Ch 15:15, Isa 22:6, Isa 53:12

beareth (3)¶

Joe 2:22, Lev 11:25, Num 11:12

bringing (3)¶

1Ki 10:22, 2Ch 9:21, Psa 126:6

carrying (3)¶

1Sa 10:3, 1Sa 10:3, 1Sa 10:3

let (3)¶

Ezr 1:4, Jos 6:6, Pro 19:18

pardon (3)¶

1Sa 15:25, Exo 23:21, Job 7:21

regard (3)¶

2Ki 3:14, Deu 28:50, Pro 6:35

shall be carried (3)¶

2Ki 20:17, Isa 39:6, Isa 49:22

shall be exalted (3)¶

Isa 40:4, Mic 4:1, Num 24:7

shall lift up (3)¶

Isa 10:24, Isa 24:14, Isa 52:8

then he shall bear (3)¶

Lev 17:16, Lev 5:1, Num 30:15

to carry (3)¶

1Ch 15:2, Gen 45:27, Gen 46:5

took (3)¶

1Ch 27:23, 2Ch 24:3, Exo 12:34

took me up (3)¶

Eze 11:24, Eze 3:12, Eze 43:5

ye shall bear (3)¶

Eze 23:49, Mic 6:16, Num 18:32

And they took up (2)¶

2Sa 2:32, Jos 3:6

I bare (2)¶

Exo 19:4, Eze 12:7

I have borne (2)¶

Job 34:31, Psa 69:7

I lift up (2)¶

Deu 32:40, Psa 143:8

I will (2)¶

1Ch 21:24, Hos 1:6

Set up (2)¶

Jer 4:6, Jer 51:12

Then I lifted up (2)¶

Dan 10:5, Dan 8:3

Then lifted I up (2)¶

Zec 1:18, Zec 5:9

able to bear (2)¶

1Ch 5:18, Gen 13:6

and carried them (2)¶

Isa 63:9, Lev 10:5

and he lifted up (2)¶

Gen 24:63, Gen 40:20

and honourable (2)¶

2Ki 5:1, Isa 9:15

and lift up (2)¶

Deu 3:27, Gen 21:16

and she obtained (2)¶

Est 2:17, Est 2:9

and take up (2)¶

Jer 7:29, Jer 9:18

and they carried away (2)¶

2Ch 14:13, 2Ch 16:6

and took it (2)¶

2Ch 24:11, Jdg 9:48

and when (2)¶

Eze 10:16, Eze 1:19

carried (2)¶

Gen 46:5, Gen 50:13

did lift up (2)¶

2Ki 25:27, Zec 1:21

do I lift up (2)¶

Psa 25:1, Psa 86:4

doth (2)¶

2Sa 14:14, Eze 18:19

forgiven (2)¶

Isa 33:24, Psa 32:1

forgiving (2)¶

Exo 34:7, Num 14:18

hath (2)¶

Hag 2:19, Psa 24:4

he will (2)¶

Exo 23:21, Jos 24:19

laden (2)¶

Gen 45:23, Gen 45:23

laid (2)¶

2Ki 9:25, Job 6:2

lifted (2)¶

Eze 11:1, Eze 8:3

may be borne (2)¶

Exo 25:14, Exo 25:28

respect (2)¶

2Sa 14:14, Lev 19:15

shall bring (2)¶

Deu 28:49, Psa 72:3

shall take (2)¶

Ecc 5:15, Mal 2:3

shalt thou bear (2)¶

Eze 12:6, Eze 36:15

spare (2)¶

Gen 18:24, Pro 19:18

stirred him up (2)¶

Exo 35:21, Exo 36:2

taketh (2)¶

Deu 5:11, Exo 20:7

they bear (2)¶

Exo 28:43, Lev 22:9

they shall bear (2)¶

Lev 20:19, Lev 20:20

they shall take (2)¶

Eze 39:10, Jer 49:29

thou shalt (2)¶

Eze 23:27, Lev 19:15

took away (2)¶

Dan 1:16, Sng 5:7

wherefore lift up (2)¶

2Ki 19:4, Isa 37:4

yet have they borne (2)¶

Eze 32:24, Eze 32:25

After that they have borne (1)¶

Eze 39:26

And he lift up (1)¶

Gen 18:2

And he shall set up (1)¶

Isa 11:12

And he that beareth (1)¶

Lev 11:28

And he took (1)¶

Gen 43:34

And he will lift up (1)¶

Isa 5:26

And they brought (1)¶

2Ki 14:20

And they brought him (1)¶

2Ch 25:28

And they brought it (1)¶

2Sa 6:4

And they laded (1)¶

Gen 42:26

And they lifted up (1)¶

Rth 1:14

And they shall bear (1)¶

Num 4:25

And they shall bear the punishment (1)¶

Eze 14:10

And they shall take up (1)¶

Eze 26:17

And they took (1)¶

Rth 1:4

And when he had lifted up (1)¶

Jdg 19:17

And when he had taken him (1)¶

2Ki 4:20

And when they lifted up (1)¶

Job 2:12

But ye have borne (1)¶

Amo 5:26

Carry him (1)¶

2Ki 4:19

Carry them (1)¶

Num 11:12

For when ye offer (1)¶

Eze 20:31

Forgive (1)¶

Gen 50:17

He shall receive (1)¶

Psa 24:5

He will (1)¶

Pro 6:35

I did bear (1)¶

Jer 31:19

I did swear (1)¶

Exo 6:8

I do bear (1)¶

Psa 89:50

I have (1)¶

Num 16:15

I have accepted (1)¶

Gen 19:21

I have suffered (1)¶

Jer 15:15

I suffer (1)¶

Psa 88:15

I sware (1)¶

Num 14:30

I take (1)¶

Psa 139:9

I will bear (1)¶

Mic 7:9

I will fetch (1)¶

Job 36:3

I will take (1)¶

Psa 116:13

I will take away (1)¶

Hos 5:14

I would take it (1)¶

Job 31:36

Let (1)¶

Isa 42:11

Let me (1)¶

Job 32:21

Let them take (1)¶

Isa 38:21

Let us lift up (1)¶

Lam 3:41

Lift up thyself (1)¶

Psa 94:2

Lift ye up (1)¶

Isa 13:2

Moreover (1)¶

Eze 11:1

Or suffer (1)¶

Lev 22:16

Set ye up (1)¶

Jer 51:27

Shall (1)¶

Hab 2:6

So (1)¶

Eze 43:5

So I lifted up (1)¶

Eze 8:5

So they took up (1)¶

Jon 1:15

Suffer me (1)¶

Job 21:3

Take away (1)¶

Hos 14:2

Take me up (1)¶

Jon 1:12

Take ye (1)¶

Num 1:2

That thou shalt take up (1)¶

Isa 14:4

Then did (1)¶

Eze 11:22

Therefore he lifted up (1)¶

Psa 106:26

They bear him (1)¶

Isa 46:7

They shall bear thee up (1)¶

Psa 91:12

They take (1)¶

Job 21:12

They took (1)¶

Lam 5:13

Thou hast forgiven (1)¶

Psa 85:2

Thou liftest me up (1)¶

Job 30:22

Will ye accept (1)¶

Job 13:8

a desire (1)¶

Jer 44:14

accepteth (1)¶

Job 34:19

also accepted (1)¶

Job 42:9

also will I lift up (1)¶

Psa 119:48

and I must bear it (1)¶

Jer 10:19

and I took up (1)¶

Neh 2:1

and accept (1)¶

Psa 82:2

and advanced him (1)¶

Est 3:1

and bare up (1)¶

Gen 7:17

and be ye lift up (1)¶

Psa 24:7

and bring (1)¶

Gen 45:19

and brought it (1)¶

2Sa 6:3

and extolled (1)¶

Isa 52:13

and fetched them (1)¶

2Ch 12:11

and forgive (1)¶

Psa 25:18

and have accepted (1)¶

1Sa 25:35

and he shall take (1)¶

Eze 29:19

and he that beareth (1)¶

Lev 15:10

and high (1)¶

Isa 57:7

and is lifted up (1)¶

Jer 51:9

and it shall bring forth (1)¶

Eze 17:23

and lift them up (1)¶

Psa 28:9

and lofty One (1)¶

Isa 57:15

and married (1)¶

2Ch 13:21

and one bearing (1)¶

1Sa 17:7

and set (1)¶

Gen 31:17

and set up (1)¶

Jer 50:2

and shall be exalted (1)¶

Isa 2:2

and shall bear (1)¶

Lev 5:17

and shalt lift up (1)¶

Job 22:26

and take (1)¶

Num 3:40

and that it might bear (1)¶

Eze 17:8

and the honourable (1)¶

Isa 3:3

and the honourable man (1)¶

Job 22:8

and they bare (1)¶

2Ki 5:23

and they bare it (1)¶

Num 13:23

and they furthered (1)¶

Ezr 8:36

and they that bare (1)¶

Neh 4:17

and they took away (1)¶

1Ki 15:22

and thou shalt bear (1)¶

Eze 4:6

and thou shalt carry me (1)¶

Gen 47:30

and to take (1)¶

Ecc 5:19

and took away (1)¶

1Ch 10:12

and when those were lifted up (1)¶

Eze 1:21

any (1)¶

2Sa 19:42

are lifted up (1)¶

Pro 30:13

bare thee (1)¶

Deu 1:31

bare them (1)¶

1Ki 14:28

be borne (1)¶

Jer 10:5

be laid (1)¶

2Ch 6:22

beareth them (1)¶

Deu 32:11

brought forth (1)¶

Hag 2:19

burned them (1)¶

2Sa 5:21

but have been partial (1)¶

Mal 2:9

but they shall bear (1)¶

Eze 44:13

can I myself (1)¶

Deu 1:12

can bear (1)¶

Pro 18:14

carrieth him away (1)¶

Job 27:21

cast (1)¶

Gen 39:7

desire (1)¶

Jer 22:27

do I take (1)¶

Job 13:14

dost thou (1)¶

Job 7:21

doth bear (1)¶

Deu 1:31

even lift (1)¶

Psa 24:9

forgavest (1)¶

Psa 32:5

forth (1)¶

Job 40:20

had furnished (1)¶

1Ki 9:11

had taken (1)¶

Ezr 10:44

hast borne (1)¶

Eze 16:58

hath borne (1)¶

Isa 53:4

hath he given (1)¶

2Sa 19:42

hath lifted thee up (1)¶

2Ki 14:10

hath taken him up (1)¶

2Ki 2:16

have I lifted up (1)¶

Eze 44:12

have taken (1)¶

Num 31:49

have taken us away (1)¶

Isa 64:6

he also that beareth (1)¶

Lev 11:40

he bear (1)¶

Lam 3:27

he brought (1)¶

1Ch 18:11

he exalted (1)¶

Hos 13:1

he had advanced him (1)¶

Est 5:11

he had exalted (1)¶

2Sa 5:12

he shall bear (1)¶

Lev 20:17

he took (1)¶

2Ch 11:21

he took up (1)¶

Num 24:20

he will accept (1)¶

Gen 32:20

help him (1)¶

Ezr 1:4

helped (1)¶

Est 9:3

high (1)¶

Isa 30:25

in lifting up thyself (1)¶

Pro 30:32

is burned (1)¶

Nah 1:5

it might (1)¶

Eze 17:14

lest they bear (1)¶

Num 18:22

lift I up (1)¶

Psa 123:1

lift itself up (1)¶

Eze 17:14

lift thou up (1)¶

Psa 4:6

lift up himself (1)¶

Num 23:24

lift up thyself (1)¶

Psa 7:6

lift ye up yourselves (1)¶

Num 16:3

lifted me up (1)¶

Eze 3:14

lifteth thee up (1)¶

2Ch 25:19

may bear (1)¶

Exo 28:38

may contain (1)¶

Eze 45:11

must needs (1)¶

Jer 10:5

obtained (1)¶

Est 2:15

ought to carry (1)¶

1Ch 15:2

raise (1)¶

Exo 23:1

raise up (1)¶

Hab 1:3

regardeth (1)¶

Deu 10:17

set up (1)¶

Jer 6:1

setteth (1)¶

Deu 24:15

shall be taken away (1)¶

Isa 8:4

shall carry (1)¶

Isa 57:13

shall carry thee (1)¶

1Ki 18:12

shall carry them away (1)¶

Isa 41:16

shall ease (1)¶

Job 7:13

shall exalt themselves (1)¶

Dan 11:14

shall he swear (1)¶

Isa 3:7

shall it exalt itself (1)¶

Eze 29:15

shall receive (1)¶

Deu 33:3

shall suffer (1)¶

Pro 19:19

shall take him up (1)¶

Amo 6:10

shall take them away (1)¶

Isa 40:24

shall they carry away (1)¶

Isa 15:7

shall ye bear (1)¶

Num 14:34

shalt bear (1)¶

Pro 9:12

shalt receive (1)¶

1Ki 5:9

shalt thou lift up (1)¶

Job 11:15

she obtained (1)¶

Est 5:2

should I hold up (1)¶

2Sa 2:22

so shall he lift it up (1)¶

Isa 10:26

so shalt thou bear (1)¶

Eze 4:5

so that he was magnified (1)¶

2Ch 32:23

stirred (1)¶

Exo 35:26

suffer (1)¶

Lev 19:17

take me away (1)¶

Job 32:22

taken (1)¶

Num 16:15

taketh up (1)¶

Psa 15:3

than I can bear (1)¶

Gen 4:13

that I lifted up (1)¶

Gen 31:10

that did wear (1)¶

1Sa 22:18

that forgavest (1)¶

Psa 99:8

that he lifted up (1)¶

Jos 5:13

that he will take (1)¶

Amo 4:2

that pardoneth (1)¶

Mic 7:18

that set up (1)¶

Isa 45:20

that they lifted up (1)¶

Jdg 8:28

that they might bring (1)¶

1Sa 4:4

the armourbearer (1)¶

1Ch 11:39

then I could have borne (1)¶

Psa 55:12

then I will spare (1)¶

Gen 18:26

then shall (1)¶

2Sa 17:13

there was lifted up (1)¶

Zec 5:7

they (1)¶

Jer 10:5

they have taken (1)¶

Ezr 9:2

they lifted up (1)¶

Job 2:12

they respected (1)¶

Lam 4:16

they set (1)¶

Hos 4:8

they shall (1)¶

1Ch 23:26

they shall bring (1)¶

Isa 60:6

they shall even bear (1)¶

Eze 44:10

they shall take up (1)¶

Eze 27:32

they should bear (1)¶

Num 7:9

they take away (1)¶

Job 24:10

they that bare (1)¶

Jos 3:15

they took (1)¶

1Ch 10:9

they will carry (1)¶

Isa 30:6

thou barest (1)¶

1Ki 2:26

thou hadst sworn (1)¶

Neh 9:15

thou hast forgiven (1)¶

Num 14:19

thou hast lifted me up (1)¶

Psa 102:10

thou lift up (1)¶

Deu 4:19

thou mayest bear (1)¶

Eze 16:54

thou shalt bear (1)¶

Eze 4:4

thou shalt take (1)¶

Deu 12:26

thou shouldest take (1)¶

Psa 50:16

thou takest (1)¶

Exo 30:12

thou wilt forgive (1)¶

Exo 32:32

to accept (1)¶

Pro 18:5

to carry away (1)¶

Eze 38:13

to carry it (1)¶

Deu 14:24

to pluck (1)¶

Eze 17:9

to wear (1)¶

1Sa 2:28

took him up (1)¶

2Sa 4:4

took them (1)¶

1Ch 23:22

unto his armourbearer (1)¶

1Sa 31:4

utterly (1)¶

Hos 1:6

was (1)¶

Gen 13:6

was lifted up (1)¶

1Ch 14:2

we pray thee, forgive (1)¶

Gen 50:17

wearing (1)¶

1Sa 14:3

went on (1)¶

Gen 29:1

when I lift up (1)¶

Psa 28:2

when I lifted up (1)¶

Eze 20:5

when he hath taken away (1)¶

Dan 11:12

when he lifteth up (1)¶

Isa 18:3

when they that bare (1)¶

2Sa 6:13

which are carried (1)¶

Isa 46:3

which lifted up (1)¶

Zec 1:21

which took away (1)¶

Exo 10:19

will I (1)¶

Job 10:15

will I accept (1)¶

Job 42:8

will I bear (1)¶

2Ki 18:14

will I lift up myself (1)¶

Isa 33:10

will I take up (1)¶

Jer 9:10

will bear (1)¶

Isa 46:4

will he regard (1)¶

Mal 1:9

would (1)¶

Job 32:22

ye do (1)¶

Job 13:10

ye have borne (1)¶

Eze 36:6

ye shall be borne (1)¶

Isa 66:12

yield (1)¶

Eze 36:8

Direct database occurrence report: H5545¶

Word: סָלַח
Transliteration: çâlach
Pronunciation: saw-lakh
POS: v / verb
Lexicon count: 46
Definition: ; a primitive root; to forgive:—forgive, pardon, spare.

Translation	Count
and it shall be forgiven	11
and forgive	7
pardon	5
forgive	4
shall forgive	3
and I will pardon	2
And forgive	1
And it shall be forgiven	1
I have pardoned	1
I will forgive	1
I will pardon	1
Pardon	1
Who forgiveth	1
and	1
and pardon	1
and will forgive	1
hast	1
pardoned	1
shall I pardon	1
shall be forgiven	1
spare	1
that I may forgive	1
thee	1

and it shall be forgiven (11)¶

Lev 4:20, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:31, Lev 4:35, Lev 5:10, Lev 5:13, Lev 5:16, Lev 5:18, Lev 6:7, Num 15:25, Num 15:28

and forgive (7)¶

1Ki 8:34, 1Ki 8:36, 1Ki 8:39, 2Ch 6:25, 2Ch 6:27, 2Ch 6:30, 2Ch 6:39

pardon (5)¶

2Ki 24:4, 2Ki 5:18, 2Ki 5:18, Isa 55:7, Psa 25:11

forgive (4)¶

1Ki 8:30, 2Ch 6:21, Amo 7:2, Dan 9:19

shall forgive (3)¶

Num 30:12, Num 30:5, Num 30:8

and I will pardon (2)¶

Jer 33:8, Jer 5:1

And forgive (1)¶

1Ki 8:50

And it shall be forgiven (1)¶

Num 15:26

I have pardoned (1)¶

Num 14:20

I will forgive (1)¶

Jer 31:34

I will pardon (1)¶

Jer 50:20

Pardon (1)¶

Num 14:19

Who forgiveth (1)¶

Psa 103:3

and (1)¶

Lev 19:22

and pardon (1)¶

Exo 34:9

and will forgive (1)¶

2Ch 7:14

hast (1)¶

Lam 3:42

pardoned (1)¶

Lam 3:42

shall I pardon (1)¶

Jer 5:7

shall be forgiven (1)¶

Lev 19:22

spare (1)¶

Deu 29:20

that I may forgive (1)¶

Jer 36:3

thee (1)¶

Jer 5:7

Direct database occurrence report: H7971¶

Word: שָׁלַח
Transliteration: shâlach
Pronunciation: shaw-lakh
POS: v / verb
Lexicon count: 847
Definition: ; a primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications):— any wise, appoint, bring (on the way), cast (away, out), conduct, earnestly, forsake, give (up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose), push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send (away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread, stretch forth (out).

Translation	Count
sent	173
And	90
go	44
and sent	27
he sent	25
Then	21
send	21
hath sent me	16
Send	14
will send	14
away	13
and	12
put forth	12
And he sent	10
He sent	10
hath sent	10
let	10
I have sent	8
So	8
I sent	7
Let	7
and sending	7
hath	7
But I will send	6
I will send	6
sent me	6
sent them	6
to let	6
and I will send	5
and sent them away	5
had sent	5
sent him	5
shall send	5
And I will send	4
had sent him	4
sent thee	4
that	4
to lay	4
when	4
And I sent	3
And they sent	3
And when	3
I have	3
I send	3
I will	3
Let me go	3
That	3
Therefore	3
also	3
and he sent	3
and send	3
cast out	3
had let	3
he put forth	3
put	3
sent out	3
And he put forth	2
But	2
Hath	2
Now	2
Send me away	2
They sent therefore	2
Wherefore	2
and I have sent	2
and I will let	2
and I will send thee	2
and didst send	2
and sent her	2
and she sent	2
but they sent	2
depart	2
did	2
have sent	2
he had sent	2
he hath sent	2
he hath sent me	2
he laid	2
he shall let him go	2
he will let	2
he would	2
in any wise	2
is sent	2
let loose	2
let them go	2
put away	2
put her away	2
sent them away	2
shall ye send	2
she sent	2
should let	2
stretched forth	2
stretched out	2
that I may send	2
that I will send	2
that he let	2
that he sent	2
therefore	2
they laid	2
they sent	2
thou didst send	2
thou sentest	2
thou shalt	2
thou shalt let him go	2
thou shalt send them	2
thou wilt send	2
to stretch forth	2
to them that send him	2
who sent	2
wilt	2
would he let	2
(when	1
Also he sent forth	1
And I will stretch out	1
And he	1
And he put out	1
And he sent forth	1
And he sent out	1
And he sent them	1
And he that let go	1
And send them	1
And she sent	1
And she sent them away	1
And they sent away	1
And will send	1
But he sent	1
But he shall let go	1
Canst thou send	1
Cast	1
Did I	1
Even they sent	1
For I will send	1
For he sent	1
He cast	1
He hath put forth	1
He putteth forth	1
He sendeth	1
He sendeth forth	1
He sendeth out	1
He shall send	1
He shall stretch forth	1
He that sendeth	1
Howbeit I sent	1
I	1
I had put her away	1
I have even sent	1
I have put away	1
I have sent also	1
I have sent forth	1
I sent it	1
I sent thee	1
I sent them	1
I shall send thee	1
I will also send	1
I will even send	1
I will lay	1
I will let	1
I will let thee depart	1
I will let thee go	1
I will send him	1
I will send thee	1
I will stretch out	1
Lay	1
Let me depart	1
Likewise when	1
O send out	1
Put	1
Put forth	1
Put ye	1
Send away	1
Send ye	1
She hath sent forth	1
She layeth	1
She put	1
She sent out	1
So I gave them up	1
So he sent	1
So he sent him	1
So they sent	1
So will I send	1
That sendeth	1
That they sent	1
Then I sent	1
Then he sent out	1
Then sent	1
Then sent I	1
Then the king sent	1
Then they sent	1
Therefore sent he	1
Therefore they sent	1
They have cast	1
They send forth	1
Thou givest	1
Thou hast sent	1
Thou sendest forth	1
We will send	1
When	1
When I shall send	1
When they had sent	1
Ye shall	1
Yea, he sent out	1
Yet he sent	1
Yet they sent	1
also he sendeth them out	1
also he sent	1
also sent	1
am I	1
and I sent	1
and I will send them	1
and cast them out	1
and have sent me away	1
and have sent thee away	1
and he hath sent him away	1
and he have cast them away	1
and he let	1
and he shall let go	1
and he shall send	1
and he that soweth	1
and let him go	1
and let them down	1
and let us send	1
and put	1
and put forth	1
and putteth forth	1
and send her	1
and send thee away	1
and sendest him away	1
and sendeth	1
and sendeth her	1
and sent away	1
and sent forth	1
and sent her away	1
and sent him away	1
and sent them	1
and shall let	1
and shall put in	1
and shot forth	1
and they let down	1
and they sent	1
and to let	1
and to send	1
and when he sent	1
and will let	1
and will send	1
as though	1
but I will send	1
but let me go	1
but sent	1
can stretch forth	1
cast	1
did send me	1
did they	1
do send	1
doth send	1
earnestly	1
for	1
for I set	1
forsaken	1
forth	1
go out	1
had	1
had I sent thee	1
had sent him for	1
had sent me	1
hast sent	1
hath he sent	1
hath he sent me	1
hath sent him	1
hath sent out	1
hath sent thee away	1
hath sent us	1
have	1
have brought thee	1
have laid	1
have sent thee	1
he did	1
he had sent him away	1
he hath	1
he have put	1
he is cast	1
he put	1
he sent away	1
he sent forth	1
he sent them away	1
he shall	1
he shall let go	1
he soweth	1
he was sent	1
he will	1
him that sent me	1
in sending	1
in sending me away	1
is	1
laid they	1
lay	1
left	1
let him go away	1
let him send	1
let me go	1
let the people go	1
let thee go	1
let us go	1
let us send	1
let ye go	1
letting	1
loose	1
out	1
put in	1
putting away	1
send me	1
send me away	1
send thee	1
sendest	1
sent away	1
sent forth	1
sent her away	1
sent him away	1
sent him forth	1
sent us	1
set	1
shall	1
shall I send	1
shall be sent	1
shall cast	1
shall he let them go	1
shall send forth	1
shall send thee	1
shall ye put out	1
shall ye put them	1
she had sent	1
she reacheth forth	1
shoot out	1
shot	1
shot forth	1
should stretch forth	1
so that they sent	1
soweth	1
spreadeth out	1
stretch forth	1
stretch out	1
that I may send thee away	1
that I might have sent thee away	1
that he may send away	1
that he put forth	1
that he send	1
that send forth	1
that sent	1
that they might send them	1
that they put out	1
that they sent	1
that we may send	1
the putting forth	1
then	1
then I will send	1
then he put forth	1
then thou shalt let her go	1
therefore he hath sent	1
therefore sent out	1
therefore sent them forth	1
they cast out	1
they had let go	1
they have	1
they let go	1
they let her go	1
they push away	1
they put	1
they set	1
thou didst send for	1
thou hadst sent me away	1
thou hast let go	1
thou hast sent	1
thou hast sent him away	1
thou hast sent me	1
thou send	1
thou sendest him out	1
thou sendest us	1
thou sentest forth	1
thou sentest us	1
thou shalt appoint	1
thou shalt stretch forth	1
thou wilt	1
thou wouldest send me	1
to bring them on the way	1
to conduct him	1
to grow long	1
to have sent	1
to him that sent me	1
to let him go	1
to let them go	1
to send	1
to send me	1
to them that send unto thee	1
we have let	1
we sent	1
we shall send it	1
were sent	1
were sent away	1
when I sent	1
when he shall let	1
when he shot forth	1
when it shooteth forth	1
when thou sendest	1
wherefore he put forth	1
which he sent	1
which sent	1
will	1
will I cast	1
will I let	1
will I send	1
will cast thee	1
will he let him go	1
will let	1
will send thee away	1
wilt thou set	1
would I	1
ye had set	1
ye have sent	1
ye send away	1
ye sent	1
ye shall send	1

sent (173)¶

1Ch 14:1, 1Ch 19:2, 1Ch 19:6, 1Ch 21:15, 1Ki 12:18, 1Ki 14:6, 1Ki 18:10, 1Ki 18:20, 1Ki 19:2, 1Ki 1:53, 1Ki 20:10, 1Ki 2:25, 1Ki 2:29, 1Ki 2:36, 1Ki 2:42, 1Ki 5:1, 1Ki 5:2, 1Ki 5:8, 1Ki 7:13, 1Ki 9:14, 1Ki 9:27, 1Sa 10:25, 1Sa 12:11, 1Sa 12:8, 1Sa 15:1, 1Sa 16:19, 1Sa 16:22, 1Sa 19:14, 1Sa 19:15, 1Sa 19:20, 1Sa 19:21, 1Sa 22:11, 1Sa 25:14, 1Sa 25:39, 1Sa 4:4, 2Ch 10:18, 2Ch 24:23, 2Ch 25:18, 2Ch 25:18, 2Ch 2:3, 2Ch 30:1, 2Ch 32:21, 2Ch 34:23, 2Ch 34:29, 2Ch 36:10, 2Ch 36:15, 2Ch 8:18, 2Ki 10:21, 2Ki 10:5, 2Ki 11:4, 2Ki 14:8, 2Ki 14:9, 2Ki 14:9, 2Ki 16:10, 2Ki 16:7, 2Ki 17:25, 2Ki 18:14, 2Ki 18:17, 2Ki 19:20, 2Ki 1:6, 2Ki 20:12, 2Ki 22:15, 2Ki 22:3, 2Ki 23:1, 2Ki 24:2, 2Ki 5:10, 2Ki 5:6, 2Ki 6:10, 2Ki 6:32, 2Ki 6:9, 2Ki 7:14, 2Sa 10:16, 2Sa 10:2, 2Sa 10:3, 2Sa 10:6, 2Sa 11:1, 2Sa 11:18, 2Sa 11:27, 2Sa 11:3, 2Sa 11:4, 2Sa 11:6, 2Sa 11:6, 2Sa 12:1, 2Sa 12:27, 2Sa 13:7, 2Sa 14:2, 2Sa 14:29, 2Sa 15:10, 2Sa 15:12, 2Sa 18:29, 2Sa 19:11, 2Sa 2:5, 2Sa 3:12, 2Sa 3:14, 2Sa 3:15, 2Sa 3:21, 2Sa 5:11, 2Sa 8:10, 2Sa 9:5, Amo 7:10, Dan 10:11, Deu 9:23, Exo 9:27, Exo 9:7, Eze 23:40, Eze 2:9, Eze 3:5, Gen 20:2, Gen 31:4, Gen 32:18, Gen 32:3, Gen 38:20, Gen 38:25, Gen 41:14, Gen 42:4, Gen 45:8, Isa 20:1, Isa 36:2, Isa 37:21, Isa 39:1, Isa 9:8, Jdg 11:12, Jdg 11:14, Jdg 11:17, Jdg 11:19, Jdg 18:2, Jdg 20:12, Jdg 21:10, Jdg 21:13, Jdg 3:15, Jdg 6:8, Jdg 7:24, Jdg 9:23, Jer 21:1, Jer 23:21, Jer 26:22, Jer 26:5, Jer 29:1, Jer 29:3, Jer 36:14, Jer 36:21, Jer 37:17, Jer 37:3, Jer 38:14, Jer 39:13, Jer 42:20, Job 1:5, Jos 10:3, Jos 10:6, Jos 14:11, Jos 14:7, Jos 22:13, Jos 2:1, Jos 2:3, Jos 6:25, Jos 7:2, Jos 7:22, Neh 6:19, Neh 6:2, Num 13:16, Num 13:17, Num 13:3, Num 14:36, Num 16:12, Num 20:14, Num 21:21, Num 21:32, Num 21:6, Num 22:15, Num 31:6, Psa 105:20, Psa 135:9, Psa 59:1

And (90)¶

1Ch 19:2, 1Ch 21:15, 1Ki 1:44, 1Ki 20:10, 1Ki 2:25, 1Ki 2:36, 1Ki 2:42, 1Ki 5:1, 1Ki 5:2, 1Ki 5:8, 1Ki 7:13, 1Ki 9:14, 1Ki 9:27, 1Sa 10:25, 1Sa 12:11, 1Sa 15:18, 1Sa 16:22, 1Sa 17:49, 1Sa 19:15, 1Sa 19:20, 1Sa 25:39, 1Sa 25:5, 2Ch 25:18, 2Ch 2:3, 2Ch 30:1, 2Ch 32:21, 2Ch 36:15, 2Ch 8:18, 2Ki 10:21, 2Ki 14:9, 2Ki 18:14, 2Ki 18:17, 2Ki 23:1, 2Ki 24:2, 2Ki 5:10, 2Ki 6:10, 2Ki 6:9, 2Sa 10:16, 2Sa 10:2, 2Sa 11:3, 2Sa 11:4, 2Sa 11:6, 2Sa 11:6, 2Sa 12:1, 2Sa 12:27, 2Sa 14:2, 2Sa 15:12, 2Sa 18:2, 2Sa 2:5, 2Sa 3:12, 2Sa 3:14, 2Sa 3:15, 2Sa 3:21, 2Sa 5:11, Est 3:13, Exo 18:27, Exo 9:27, Exo 9:7, Eze 10:7, Gen 22:10, Gen 28:5, Gen 31:4, Gen 32:3, Gen 38:20, Gen 45:7, Gen 48:14, Isa 36:2, Jdg 11:12, Jdg 11:19, Jdg 18:2, Jdg 20:12, Jdg 21:10, Jdg 21:13, Jdg 3:21, Jer 25:4, Jer 26:22, Jer 37:3, Jos 10:6, Jos 22:13, Jos 2:1, Jos 2:3, Jos 7:2, Num 13:17, Num 13:3, Num 16:12, Num 20:14, Num 21:21, Num 21:32, Num 21:6, Num 31:6

go (44)¶

2Ki 5:24, 2Sa 13:27, Deu 22:7, Exo 10:10, Exo 10:20, Exo 10:3, Exo 10:4, Exo 10:7, Exo 11:1, Exo 11:1, Exo 13:17, Exo 14:5, Exo 3:20, Exo 4:21, Exo 4:23, Exo 5:1, Exo 5:2, Exo 5:2, Exo 6:11, Exo 7:14, Exo 7:16, Exo 8:1, Exo 8:2, Exo 8:20, Exo 8:21, Exo 8:28, Exo 8:29, Exo 8:32, Exo 8:8, Exo 9:1, Exo 9:13, Exo 9:2, Exo 9:28, Exo 9:35, Exo 9:7, Eze 13:20, Isa 58:6, Jdg 15:5, Jdg 2:6, Jer 34:10, Jer 34:10, Jer 34:9, Jer 40:1, Lev 16:10

and sent (27)¶

1Ch 10:9, 1Ki 15:20, 1Ki 21:8, 1Sa 11:7, 1Sa 16:20, 1Sa 31:9, 2Ch 16:2, 2Ch 16:4, 2Ch 25:17, 2Ki 10:1, 2Ki 10:7, 2Ki 12:18, 2Ki 16:8, 2Ki 23:16, 2Ki 3:7, 2Sa 11:14, 2Sa 11:5, Est 8:10, Est 9:20, Eze 23:16, Gen 19:29, Gen 28:6, Hos 5:13, Job 1:4, Jos 24:9, Num 20:16, Num 22:40

he sent (25)¶

1Ch 19:8, 1Ki 20:7, 1Ki 8:66, 1Sa 13:2, 1Sa 19:21, 1Sa 30:26, 2Ch 17:7, 2Ch 34:8, 2Ch 7:10, 2Ki 19:9, 2Ki 1:13, 2Sa 10:5, 2Sa 10:7, 2Sa 3:26, Est 5:10, Gen 45:23, Gen 46:28, Isa 37:9, Jdg 11:28, Jdg 12:9, Jdg 6:35, Jdg 6:35, Jdg 7:8, Jer 29:28, Psa 78:25

Then (21)¶

1Ki 12:18, 1Ki 19:2, 1Ki 2:29, 1Sa 22:11, 2Ch 10:18, 2Ch 34:29, 2Ki 19:20, 2Sa 11:18, 2Sa 13:7, 2Sa 8:10, 2Sa 9:5, Amo 7:10, Deu 19:12, Gen 41:14, Isa 37:21, Jdg 11:17, Jdg 6:21, Jdg 9:23, Jer 1:9, Jer 37:17, Jer 38:14

send (21)¶

1Ki 18:19, 1Sa 20:12, 1Sa 20:31, 1Sa 6:3, 2Ch 28:16, 2Ch 32:9, 2Ki 2:16, 2Sa 17:16, Deu 32:24, Exo 23:20, Exo 4:13, Exo 9:14, Eze 2:3, Gen 43:4, Gen 43:5, Isa 10:16, Jer 25:15, Jer 2:10, Jer 42:6, Jer 9:17, Num 22:37

hath sent me (16)¶

2Ki 2:2, 2Ki 2:4, 2Ki 2:6, 2Ki 5:22, 2Ki 8:9, Exo 3:13, Exo 3:14, Exo 3:15, Exo 7:16, Isa 48:16, Jer 26:15, Num 16:28, Zec 2:11, Zec 2:9, Zec 4:9, Zec 6:15

Send (14)¶

1Sa 16:11, 1Sa 16:19, 2Ch 2:7, 2Ch 2:8, 2Ki 2:17, 2Ki 4:22, 2Sa 11:6, Exo 9:19, Gen 42:16, Gen 43:8, Jer 29:31, Num 13:2, Psa 144:7, Psa 20:2

will send (14)¶

Deu 7:20, Exo 8:21, Gen 24:40, Gen 38:17, Jer 16:16, Jer 25:16, Jer 25:27, Jer 25:9, Jer 29:17, Jer 43:10, Jer 8:17, Joe 2:19, Mal 3:1, Mal 4:5

away (13)¶

1Ch 8:8, 1Ki 8:66, 1Sa 10:25, 1Sa 6:8, 2Ch 7:10, 2Sa 3:21, Deu 15:18, Gen 12:20, Gen 28:6, Gen 45:24, Jdg 11:38, Job 22:9, Lev 16:21

and (12)¶

1Ki 15:18, 1Ki 20:17, 1Sa 9:19, 2Ki 16:10, 2Ki 6:32, 2Ki 7:14, 2Sa 15:36, Gen 19:13, Gen 20:2, Gen 26:31, Jdg 19:25, Jdg 3:15

put forth (12)¶

1Ch 13:9, 1Sa 22:17, 1Sa 24:10, 2Sa 18:12, 2Sa 6:6, Gen 19:10, Jdg 3:21, Jdg 6:21, Jer 1:9, Job 1:11, Job 2:5, Psa 125:3

And he sent (10)¶

1Ch 19:5, 1Ki 20:2, 1Sa 16:12, 2Ki 19:2, 2Sa 12:25, Est 9:30, Exo 24:5, Isa 37:2, Jdg 11:38, Jdg 9:31

He sent (10)¶

1Ch 18:10, 2Sa 22:17, Num 22:5, Psa 105:17, Psa 105:26, Psa 105:28, Psa 107:20, Psa 111:9, Psa 18:16, Psa 78:45

hath sent (10)¶

1Ki 1:44, 2Ki 19:4, 2Ki 6:32, Isa 37:17, Isa 37:4, Jer 25:4, Jer 40:14, Num 22:10, Zec 1:10, Zec 7:12

let (10)¶

Deu 22:7, Exo 10:20, Exo 10:3, Exo 10:7, Exo 11:10, Exo 18:27, Exo 4:21, Exo 8:21, Exo 9:7, Jos 24:28

I have sent (8)¶

1Ki 20:5, 2Ch 16:3, 2Ch 2:13, Amo 4:10, Isa 43:14, Jer 24:5, Jer 29:20, Mal 2:4

So (8)¶

1Ki 18:20, 1Ki 1:53, 1Sa 4:4, 2Ki 16:7, Jer 36:21, Jer 39:13, Jos 24:28, Jos 7:22

I sent (7)¶

2Ki 17:13, 2Sa 14:32, Gen 38:23, Isa 42:19, Jer 29:19, Joe 2:25, Jos 24:5

Let (7)¶

Exo 4:23, Exo 5:1, Exo 7:16, Exo 8:1, Exo 8:20, Exo 9:1, Exo 9:13

and sending (7)¶

2Ch 36:15, Jer 25:4, Jer 26:5, Jer 29:19, Jer 35:15, Jer 44:4, Jer 7:25

hath (7)¶

1Ki 18:10, 2Sa 10:3, Eze 13:6, Jer 28:15, Jer 28:9, Jer 43:2, Num 16:29

But I will send (6)¶

Amo 1:10, Amo 1:12, Amo 1:4, Amo 1:7, Amo 2:2, Amo 2:5

I will send (6)¶

1Ki 20:6, 1Sa 20:21, 1Sa 9:16, Exo 23:27, Eze 5:16, Lev 26:25

sent me (6)¶

1Sa 15:20, 2Ki 18:27, Gen 45:7, Isa 36:12, Jer 26:12, Num 16:29

sent them (6)¶

1Ki 15:18, Eze 13:6, Jer 14:15, Jer 23:32, Jer 27:15, Jer 29:9

to let (6)¶

Exo 10:4, Exo 5:2, Exo 7:14, Exo 8:2, Exo 9:2, Lev 16:10

and I will send (5)¶

2Ki 5:5, Eze 7:3, Isa 66:19, Jer 49:37, Jer 9:16

and sent them away (5)¶

1Ch 19:4, 2Sa 10:4, Gen 25:6, Jos 22:6, Jos 8:3

had sent (5)¶

1Ki 21:11, 2Ki 16:11, Gen 45:27, Gen 46:5, Neh 2:9

sent him (5)¶

1Sa 18:5, Deu 34:11, Jer 28:9, Jer 29:31, Neh 6:12

shall send (5)¶

Deu 19:12, Deu 28:20, Deu 28:48, Gen 24:7, Psa 110:2

And I will send (4)¶

Exo 23:28, Exo 33:2, Eze 39:6, Jer 24:10

had sent him (4)¶

Exo 4:28, Hag 1:12, Jer 19:14, Jer 43:1

sent thee (4)¶

1Sa 15:18, 1Sa 25:32, Jer 28:15, Jer 43:2

that (4)¶

2Sa 11:1, Jer 34:10, Job 1:5, Jos 14:11

to lay (4)¶

Est 2:21, Est 3:6, Est 6:2, Est 9:2

when (4)¶

Exo 13:17, Jer 21:1, Jos 14:7, Psa 59:1

And I sent (3)¶

Deu 2:26, Jos 24:12, Neh 6:3

And they sent (3)¶

1Sa 6:21, 2Ch 10:3, Gen 37:32

And when (3)¶

1Sa 19:14, 2Sa 24:16, Jdg 2:6

I have (3)¶

Jer 23:21, Jer 27:15, Jer 29:9

I send (3)¶

2Ch 7:13, Eze 14:19, Eze 14:21

I will (3)¶

1Sa 24:10, Deu 32:24, Gen 32:26

Let me go (3)¶

1Sa 19:17, 1Sa 20:29, Gen 32:26

That (3)¶

Jdg 6:8, Jer 34:9, Neh 6:2

Therefore (3)¶

2Sa 14:29, Gen 3:23, Jer 36:14

also (3)¶

2Ch 2:8, Dan 11:42, Jos 24:5

and he sent (3)¶

2Ch 25:15, 2Ki 1:2, Gen 41:8

and send (3)¶

1Sa 6:8, 2Ki 9:17, Neh 8:10

cast out (3)¶

Isa 16:2, Lev 18:24, Lev 20:23

had let (3)¶

Exo 13:17, Jdg 2:6, Jer 40:1

he put forth (3)¶

1Ki 13:4, 2Sa 15:5, Gen 3:22

put (3)¶

1Sa 17:49, Exo 22:11, Job 1:12

sent out (3)¶

1Ki 20:17, 1Sa 25:5, Eze 31:4

And he put forth (2)¶

Exo 4:4, Eze 8:3

But (2)¶

2Sa 15:10, Gen 19:10

Hath (2)¶

2Ki 18:27, Isa 36:12

Now (2)¶

1Ch 14:1, Neh 2:9

Send me away (2)¶

Gen 24:54, Gen 30:25

They sent therefore (2)¶

1Sa 5:8, 2Ki 2:17

Wherefore (2)¶

1Sa 16:19, Jos 10:3

and I have sent (2)¶

Gen 32:5, Jer 23:38

and I will let (2)¶

Exo 8:8, Exo 9:28

and I will send thee (2)¶

Exo 3:10, Gen 37:13

and didst send (2)¶

2Ch 2:3, Isa 57:9

and sent her (2)¶

Jdg 19:29, Jdg 20:6

and she sent (2)¶

Est 4:4, Gen 27:42

but they sent (2)¶

2Ch 25:27, 2Ki 14:19

depart (2)¶

Exo 18:27, Jos 24:28

did (2)¶

2Ch 28:16, 2Ch 32:9

have sent (2)¶

1Ki 15:19, Jer 14:3

he had sent (2)¶

1Ch 8:8, 2Ki 17:4

he hath sent (2)¶

1Ch 19:3, 2Sa 10:3

he hath sent me (2)¶

Isa 61:1, Jer 42:21

he laid (2)¶

Est 8:7, Exo 24:11

he shall let him go (2)¶

Exo 21:26, Exo 21:27

he will let (2)¶

Exo 11:1, Exo 3:20

he would (2)¶

Exo 10:20, Exo 11:10

in any wise (2)¶

1Ki 11:22, Deu 22:7

is sent (2)¶

Jer 49:14, Oba 1:1

let loose (2)¶

Gen 49:21, Job 30:11

let them go (2)¶

Exo 10:27, Exo 9:17

put away (2)¶

Isa 50:1, Jer 3:1

put her away (2)¶

Deu 22:19, Deu 22:29

sent them away (2)¶

Gen 26:31, Jos 22:7

shall ye send (2)¶

Num 13:2, Num 31:4

she sent (2)¶

Exo 2:5, Jdg 16:18

should let (2)¶

Jer 34:10, Jer 34:9

stretched forth (2)¶

Eze 10:7, Gen 22:10

stretched out (2)¶

2Sa 24:16, Gen 48:14

that I may send (2)¶

2Ki 6:13, 2Sa 14:32

that I will send (2)¶

Amo 8:11, Jer 48:12

that he let (2)¶

2Sa 13:27, Exo 6:11

that he sent (2)¶

2Ki 5:8, Jos 11:1

therefore (2)¶

2Ki 17:25, Num 22:5

they laid (2)¶

Est 9:15, Est 9:16

they sent (2)¶

1Ch 19:16, Jdg 11:17

thou didst send (2)¶

1Sa 25:25, Jdg 13:8

thou sentest (2)¶

1Ki 5:8, Num 24:12

thou shalt (2)¶

Deu 15:13, Deu 22:7

thou shalt let him go (2)¶

Deu 15:12, Jer 34:14

thou shalt send them (2)¶

1Ki 8:44, 2Ch 6:34

thou wilt send (2)¶

Exo 33:12, Exo 4:13

to stretch forth (2)¶

1Sa 24:6, 2Sa 1:14

to them that send him (2)¶

Pro 10:26, Pro 25:13

who sent (2)¶

2Ch 32:31, 2Ch 34:26

wilt (2)¶

Exo 8:21, Gen 43:5

would he let (2)¶

Exo 8:32, Exo 9:35

(when (1)¶

Isa 20:1

Also he sent forth (1)¶

Gen 8:8

And I will stretch out (1)¶

Exo 3:20

And he (1)¶

2Ki 10:5

And he put out (1)¶

2Ki 6:7

And he sent forth (1)¶

Gen 8:7

And he sent out (1)¶

2Sa 22:15

And he sent them (1)¶

1Ki 5:14

And he that let go (1)¶

Lev 16:26

And send them (1)¶

Jer 27:3

And she sent (1)¶

Jdg 4:6

And she sent them away (1)¶

Jos 2:21

And they sent away (1)¶

Gen 24:59

And will send (1)¶

Jer 51:2

But he sent (1)¶

2Ch 35:21

But he shall let go (1)¶

Lev 14:53

Canst thou send (1)¶

Job 38:35

Cast (1)¶

Ecc 11:1

Did I (1)¶

Num 22:37

Even they sent (1)¶

Jer 39:14

For I will send (1)¶

Eze 28:23

For he sent (1)¶

Est 1:22

He cast (1)¶

Psa 78:49

He hath put forth (1)¶

Psa 55:20

He putteth forth (1)¶

Job 28:9

He sendeth (1)¶

Psa 104:10

He sendeth forth (1)¶

Psa 147:15

He sendeth out (1)¶

Psa 147:18

He shall send (1)¶

Psa 57:3

He shall stretch forth (1)¶

Dan 11:42

He that sendeth (1)¶

Pro 26:6

Howbeit I sent (1)¶

Jer 44:4

I (1)¶

1Sa 20:12

I had put her away (1)¶

Jer 3:8

I have even sent (1)¶

Jer 7:25

I have put away (1)¶

Isa 50:1

I have sent also (1)¶

Jer 35:15

I have sent forth (1)¶

Zec 9:11

I sent it (1)¶

Isa 55:11

I sent thee (1)¶

Jdg 6:14

I sent them (1)¶

Jer 14:14

I shall send thee (1)¶

Jer 1:7

I will also send (1)¶

Lev 26:22

I will even send (1)¶

Mal 2:2

I will lay (1)¶

Neh 13:21

I will let (1)¶

Exo 10:10

I will let thee depart (1)¶

2Sa 11:12

I will let thee go (1)¶

1Sa 9:19

I will send him (1)¶

Isa 10:6

I will send thee (1)¶

1Sa 16:1

I will stretch out (1)¶

Exo 9:15

Lay (1)¶

Gen 22:12

Let me depart (1)¶

1Ki 11:21

Likewise when (1)¶

Deu 9:23

O send out (1)¶

Psa 43:3

Put (1)¶

2Sa 13:17

Put forth (1)¶

Exo 4:4

Put ye (1)¶

Joe 3:13

Send away (1)¶

1Sa 5:11

Send ye (1)¶

Isa 16:1

She hath sent forth (1)¶

Pro 9:3

She layeth (1)¶

Pro 31:19

She put (1)¶

Jdg 5:26

She sent out (1)¶

Psa 80:11

So I gave them up (1)¶

Psa 81:12

So he sent (1)¶

Gen 45:24

So he sent him (1)¶

Gen 37:14

So they sent (1)¶

1Sa 5:11

So will I send (1)¶

Eze 5:17

That sendeth (1)¶

Isa 18:2

That they sent (1)¶

1Ki 12:3

Then I sent (1)¶

Neh 6:8

Then he sent out (1)¶

2Ki 9:19

Then sent (1)¶

Neh 6:5

Then sent I (1)¶

Ezr 8:16

Then the king sent (1)¶

2Ki 1:9

Then they sent (1)¶

1Ki 21:14

Therefore sent he (1)¶

2Ki 6:14

Therefore they sent (1)¶

1Sa 5:10

They have cast (1)¶

Psa 74:7

They send forth (1)¶

Job 21:11

Thou givest (1)¶

Psa 50:19

Thou hast sent (1)¶

Job 22:9

Thou sendest forth (1)¶

Psa 104:30

We will send (1)¶

Deu 1:22

When (1)¶

2Sa 18:29

When I shall send (1)¶

Eze 5:16

When they had sent (1)¶

Zec 7:2

Ye shall (1)¶

2Ki 2:16

Yea, he sent out (1)¶

Psa 18:14

Yet he sent (1)¶

2Ch 24:19

Yet they sent (1)¶

Neh 6:4

also he sendeth them out (1)¶

Job 12:15

also he sent (1)¶

2Ki 1:11

also sent (1)¶

1Sa 19:11

am I (1)¶

Dan 10:11

and I sent (1)¶

Mic 6:4

and I will send them (1)¶

Jos 18:4

and cast them out (1)¶

Psa 44:2

and have sent me away (1)¶

Gen 26:27

and have sent thee away (1)¶

Gen 26:29

and he hath sent him away (1)¶

2Sa 3:23

and he have cast them away (1)¶

Job 8:4

and he let (1)¶

2Ki 5:24

and he shall let go (1)¶

Lev 16:22

and he shall send (1)¶

Isa 19:20

and he that soweth (1)¶

Pro 6:19

and let him go (1)¶

Jer 40:5

and let them down (1)¶

Jer 38:11

and let us send (1)¶

2Ki 7:13

and put (1)¶

Num 5:4

and put forth (1)¶

Jdg 15:15

and putteth forth (1)¶

Deu 25:11

and send her (1)¶

Deu 24:1

and send thee away (1)¶

1Sa 20:13

and sendest him away (1)¶

Job 14:20

and sendeth (1)¶

Job 5:10

and sendeth her (1)¶

Deu 24:3

and sent away (1)¶

1Sa 19:17

and sent forth (1)¶

Gen 8:12

and sent her away (1)¶

Gen 21:14

and sent him away (1)¶

1Ki 20:34

and sent them (1)¶

2Ki 24:2

and shall let (1)¶

Lev 14:7

and shall put in (1)¶

Exo 22:5

and shot forth (1)¶

Eze 17:6

and they let down (1)¶

Jer 38:6

and they sent (1)¶

Gen 12:20

and to let (1)¶

Isa 58:6

and to send (1)¶

Neh 8:12

and when he sent (1)¶

2Sa 14:29

and will let (1)¶

Eze 13:20

and will send (1)¶

Eze 14:13

as though (1)¶

1Sa 20:20

but I will send (1)¶

Hos 8:14

but let me go (1)¶

1Sa 20:5

but sent (1)¶

Psa 106:15

can stretch forth (1)¶

1Sa 26:9

cast (1)¶

Jer 15:1

did send me (1)¶

Gen 45:5

did they (1)¶

1Sa 6:6

do send (1)¶

Eze 2:4

doth send (1)¶

2Ki 5:7

earnestly (1)¶

Num 22:37

for (1)¶

1Ki 5:8

for I set (1)¶

Zec 8:10

forsaken (1)¶

Isa 27:10

forth (1)¶

Job 1:12

go out (1)¶

Exo 11:10

had (1)¶

Neh 6:12

had I sent thee (1)¶

Eze 3:6

had sent him for (1)¶

2Sa 11:22

had sent me (1)¶

Jer 25:17

hast sent (1)¶

Jer 29:25

hath he sent (1)¶

Lam 1:13

hath he sent me (1)¶

Zec 2:8

hath sent him (1)¶

2Ki 19:16

hath sent out (1)¶

Job 39:5

hath sent thee away (1)¶

1Sa 20:22

hath sent us (1)¶

Gen 19:13

have (1)¶

Jdg 6:14

have brought thee (1)¶

Oba 1:7

have laid (1)¶

Oba 1:13

have sent thee (1)¶

Exo 3:12

he did (1)¶

Exo 9:7

he had sent him away (1)¶

2Sa 3:22

he hath (1)¶

Exo 22:11

he have put (1)¶

Exo 22:8

he is cast (1)¶

Job 18:8

he put (1)¶

1Ch 13:10

he sent away (1)¶

Jdg 3:18

he sent forth (1)¶

Gen 8:10

he sent them away (1)¶

2Ki 6:23

he shall (1)¶

Exo 4:21

he shall let go (1)¶

Isa 45:13

he soweth (1)¶

Pro 6:14

he was sent (1)¶

Jdg 5:15

he will (1)¶

Job 30:24

him that sent me (1)¶

1Ch 21:12

in sending (1)¶

Eze 17:15

in sending me away (1)¶

2Sa 13:16

is (1)¶

Isa 50:1

laid they (1)¶

Est 9:10

lay (1)¶

Gen 37:22

left (1)¶

Pro 29:15

let him go away (1)¶

Deu 15:13

let him send (1)¶

2Ch 2:15

let me go (1)¶

1Ki 11:22

let the people go (1)¶

1Sa 6:6

let thee go (1)¶

Gen 32:26

let us go (1)¶

Exo 13:15

let us send (1)¶

1Ch 13:2

let ye go (1)¶

Jer 34:14

letting (1)¶

Exo 8:29

loose (1)¶

Lev 14:7

out (1)¶

Num 5:4

put in (1)¶

Sng 5:4

putting away (1)¶

Mal 2:16

send me (1)¶

Isa 6:8

send me away (1)¶

Gen 24:56

send thee (1)¶

1Sa 21:2

sendest (1)¶

2Ki 1:6

sent away (1)¶

Gen 28:5

sent forth (1)¶

2Sa 18:2

sent her away (1)¶

Deu 24:4

sent him away (1)¶

1Ch 12:19

sent him forth (1)¶

Gen 3:23

sent us (1)¶

1Sa 25:40

set (1)¶

Jdg 1:8

shall (1)¶

Isa 10:16

shall I send (1)¶

Isa 6:8

shall be sent (1)¶

Pro 17:11

shall cast (1)¶

Job 20:23

shall he let them go (1)¶

Exo 6:1

shall send forth (1)¶

Psa 57:3

shall send thee (1)¶

Jer 42:5

shall ye put out (1)¶

Num 5:3

shall ye put them (1)¶

Num 5:3

she had sent (1)¶

1Ki 21:11

she reacheth forth (1)¶

Pro 31:20

shoot out (1)¶

Psa 144:6

shot (1)¶

1Sa 20:20

shot forth (1)¶

Eze 17:7

should stretch forth (1)¶

1Sa 26:11

so that they sent (1)¶

2Sa 19:14

soweth (1)¶

Pro 16:28

spreadeth out (1)¶

Jer 17:8

stretch forth (1)¶

1Sa 26:23

stretch out (1)¶

Job 30:24

that I may send thee away (1)¶

1Sa 9:26

that I might have sent thee away (1)¶

Gen 31:27

that he may send away (1)¶

Gen 43:14

that he put forth (1)¶

1Ki 13:4

that he send (1)¶

Exo 7:2

that send forth (1)¶

Isa 32:20

that sent (1)¶

Jer 37:7

that they might send them (1)¶

Exo 12:33

that they put out (1)¶

Num 5:2

that they sent (1)¶

1Ki 12:20

that we may send (1)¶

1Sa 11:3

the putting forth (1)¶

Isa 58:9

then (1)¶

1Sa 12:8

then I will send (1)¶

Gen 27:45

then he put forth (1)¶

Gen 8:9

then thou shalt let her go (1)¶

Deu 21:14

therefore he hath sent (1)¶

2Ki 17:26

therefore sent out (1)¶

1Sa 26:4

therefore sent them forth (1)¶

Jos 8:9

they cast out (1)¶

Job 39:3

they had let go (1)¶

Jer 34:11

they have (1)¶

Job 30:11

they let go (1)¶

Jdg 1:25

they let her go (1)¶

Jdg 19:25

they push away (1)¶

Job 30:12

they put (1)¶

Eze 8:17

they set (1)¶

Jdg 20:48

thou didst send for (1)¶

1Ki 20:9

thou hadst sent me away (1)¶

Gen 31:42

thou hast let go (1)¶

1Ki 20:42

thou hast sent (1)¶

2Ki 1:16

thou hast sent him away (1)¶

2Sa 3:24

thou hast sent me (1)¶

Exo 5:22

thou send (1)¶

Gen 38:17

thou sendest him out (1)¶

Deu 15:13

thou sendest us (1)¶

Jos 1:16

thou sentest forth (1)¶

Exo 15:7

thou sentest us (1)¶

Num 13:27

thou shalt appoint (1)¶

1Ki 5:9

thou shalt stretch forth (1)¶

Psa 138:7

thou wilt (1)¶

Exo 9:17

thou wouldest send me (1)¶

Neh 2:5

to bring them on the way (1)¶

Gen 18:16

to conduct him (1)¶

2Sa 19:31

to grow long (1)¶

Eze 44:20

to have sent (1)¶

2Sa 14:29

to him that sent me (1)¶

2Sa 24:13

to let him go (1)¶

Exo 4:23

to let them go (1)¶

Jer 50:33

to send (1)¶

2Ki 15:37

to send me (1)¶

Neh 2:6

to them that send unto thee (1)¶

Pro 22:21

we have let (1)¶

Exo 14:5

we sent (1)¶

Jos 6:17

we shall send it (1)¶

1Sa 6:2

were sent (1)¶

Est 3:13

were sent away (1)¶

Gen 44:3

when I sent (1)¶

Num 32:8

when he shall let (1)¶

Exo 11:1

when he shot forth (1)¶

Eze 31:5

when it shooteth forth (1)¶

Isa 27:8

when thou sendest (1)¶

Deu 15:18

wherefore he put forth (1)¶

1Sa 14:27

which he sent (1)¶

2Ch 2:11

which sent (1)¶

2Ki 22:18

will (1)¶

Exo 9:14

will I cast (1)¶

1Ki 9:7

will I let (1)¶

Exo 5:2

will I send (1)¶

Jer 16:16

will cast thee (1)¶

Jer 28:16

will he let him go (1)¶

1Sa 24:19

will let (1)¶

Exo 8:28

will send thee away (1)¶

1Ki 20:34

wilt thou set (1)¶

2Ki 8:12

would I (1)¶

2Sa 18:12

ye had set (1)¶

Jer 34:16

ye have sent (1)¶

Eze 23:40

ye send away (1)¶

1Sa 6:3

ye sent (1)¶

Jer 42:9

ye shall send (1)¶

2Sa 15:36

Direct database occurrence report: G142¶

Word: αἴρω
Transliteration: aírō
Pronunciation: ah
POS: v / verb
Lexicon count: 102
Definition: -ee-ro; a primary root; to lift up; by implication, to take up or away;

Translation	Count
take up	10
Take	6
taketh away	6
away	4
they took up	4
to take	4
took up	4
Away with	3
shall be taken	3
shall be taken away	3
taketh	3
took	3
Be thou removed	2
Take up	2
and took up	2
bear	2
lifted up	2
take away	2
they shall bear	2
took ye up	2
up	2
Away	1
Let	1
Take ye away	1
They have taken away	1
They shall take up	1
and take	1
away with	1
be put away	1
dost thou make	1
he might take away	1
he taketh	1
he taketh away	1
he took	1
is taken	1
let him take	1
lifted	1
loosing	1
shall I	1
should take	1
take	1
taken away	1
taking up	1
there was taken up	1
they have taken away	1
they lifted up	1
they might be taken away	1
they should take	1
they took away	1
thou shouldest take	1
thou takest up	1
to carry	1
to take up	1
took they up	1
was taken away	1
was taken up	1
when they had taken up	1
which was borne	1
will take	1
ye have taken away	1

take up (10)¶

Jhn 5:8, Luk 5:24, Luk 9:23, Mar 10:21, Mar 2:11, Mar 2:9, Mar 8:34, Mat 16:24, Mat 17:27, Mat 9:6

Take (6)¶

Jhn 2:16, Luk 19:24, Luk 9:3, Mat 11:29, Mat 20:14, Mat 25:28

taketh away (6)¶

Jhn 1:29, Luk 6:29, Luk 6:30, Luk 8:12, Mar 2:21, Mar 4:15

away (4)¶

Jhn 20:15, Luk 17:31, Mat 22:13, Mat 24:39

they took up (4)¶

Mar 6:43, Mar 8:8, Mat 14:20, Mat 15:37

to take (4)¶

Luk 17:31, Mar 13:15, Mat 24:17, Mat 24:18

took up (4)¶

Jhn 5:9, Mar 2:12, Mar 6:29, Rev 18:21

Away with (3)¶

Act 22:22, Jhn 19:15, Luk 23:18

shall be taken (3)¶

Luk 8:18, Mar 4:25, Mat 21:43

shall be taken away (3)¶

Luk 19:26, Mat 13:12, Mat 25:29

taketh (3)¶

Jhn 10:18, Jhn 16:22, Mat 9:16

took (3)¶

Col 2:14, Jhn 19:38, Mat 24:39

Be thou removed (2)¶

Mar 11:23, Mat 21:21

Take up (2)¶

Jhn 5:11, Jhn 5:12

and took up (2)¶

Luk 5:25, Mat 14:12

bear (2)¶

Mar 15:21, Mat 27:32

lifted up (2)¶

Luk 17:13, Rev 10:5

take away (2)¶

1Jo 3:5, Jhn 11:48

they shall bear (2)¶

Luk 4:11, Mat 4:6

took ye up (2)¶

Mar 8:19, Mar 8:20

up (2)¶

Luk 4:11, Mat 4:6

Away (1)¶

Act 21:36

Let (1)¶

Eph 4:31

Take ye away (1)¶

Jhn 11:39

They have taken away (1)¶

Jhn 20:2

They shall take up (1)¶

Mar 16:18

and take (1)¶

Mat 22:13

away with (1)¶

Jhn 19:15

be put away (1)¶

Eph 4:31

dost thou make (1)¶

Jhn 10:24

he might take away (1)¶

Jhn 19:38

he taketh (1)¶

Luk 11:22

he taketh away (1)¶

Jhn 15:2

he took (1)¶

Act 21:11

is taken (1)¶

Act 8:33

let him take (1)¶

Luk 22:36

lifted (1)¶

Jhn 11:41

loosing (1)¶

Act 27:13

shall I (1)¶

1Co 6:15

should take (1)¶

Mar 15:24

take (1)¶

1Co 6:15

taken away (1)¶

Jhn 20:1

taking up (1)¶

Luk 19:22

there was taken up (1)¶

Luk 9:17

they have taken away (1)¶

Jhn 20:13

they lifted up (1)¶

Act 4:24

they might be taken away (1)¶

Jhn 19:31

they should take (1)¶

Mar 6:8

they took away (1)¶

Jhn 11:41

thou shouldest take (1)¶

Jhn 17:15

thou takest up (1)¶

Luk 19:21

to carry (1)¶

Jhn 5:10

to take up (1)¶

Mar 13:16

took they up (1)¶

Jhn 8:59

was taken away (1)¶

Act 8:33

was taken up (1)¶

Act 20:9

when they had taken up (1)¶

Act 27:17

which was borne (1)¶

Mar 2:3

will take (1)¶

Jhn 20:15

ye have taken away (1)¶

Luk 11:52

Direct database occurrence report: G399¶

Word: ἀναφέρω
Transliteration: anaphérō
Pronunciation: an-af-er
POS: v / verb
Lexicon count: 10
Definition: -o; from and ; to take up (literally or figuratively):—bear,

Translation	Count
to offer up	2
up	2
bare	1
bear	1
bringeth	1
carried up	1
leadeth	1
let us offer	1
when he had offered	1
when he offered up	1

to offer up (2)¶

1Pe 2:5, Heb 7:27

up (2)¶

Mar 9:2, Mat 17:1

bare (1)¶

1Pe 2:24

bear (1)¶

Heb 9:28

bringeth (1)¶

Mat 17:1

carried up (1)¶

Luk 24:51

leadeth (1)¶

Mar 9:2

let us offer (1)¶

Heb 13:15

when he had offered (1)¶

Jas 2:21

when he offered up (1)¶

Heb 7:27

Direct database occurrence report: H7126¶

Word: קָרַב
Transliteration: qârab
Pronunciation: kaw-rab
POS: v / verb
Lexicon count: 280
Definition: ; a primitive root; to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose:—(cause to) approach, (cause to) bring (forth, near), (cause to) come (near, nigh), (cause to) draw near (nigh), go (near), be at hand, join, be near, offer, present, produce, make ready, stand, take.

Translation	Count
And	16
to offer	10
And he brought	9
near	8
offer	7
and	6
approach	6
he shall offer	6
shall bring	6
But ye shall offer	5
Come near	5
brought	5
shall offer	5
thou shalt offer	5
And he shall offer	4
and offer	4
come near	4
come nigh	4
offered	4
that cometh nigh	4
that offereth	4
thou shalt bring	4
ye shall offer	4
And thou shalt bring	3
and brought	3
bring	3
came	3
came near	3
draweth near	3
drew near	3
drew nigh	3
shall	3
shall come	3
to come near	3
when they offered	3
And they came near	2
And ye came near	2
And ye shall offer	2
Go	2
So	2
and ye shall offer	2
are at hand	2
come	2
he shall offer it	2
nigh	2
offereth	2
shall come near	2
then	2
then he shall bring	2
they bring	2
thou comest nigh	2
thou shalt	2
to draw near	2
will offer	2
ye shall bring	2
And I went	1
And I will come	1
And he hath brought	1
And join	1
And they	1
And thou shalt cause	1
And thou shalt offer them	1
And when	1
And when he was come near	1
Bring	1
Cause them	1
Come ye near	1
Draw	1
Draw nigh	1
He	1
He offered	1
He that offereth	1
I bring near	1
Let	1
Let us draw near	1
Now	1
Produce	1
So they went near	1
Stand	1
That	1
Then	1
Then came	1
Then shall he bring	1
They draw nigh	1
They shall offer	1
Thou drewest near	1
We have therefore brought	1
When	1
When he had caused	1
Who shall offer it	1
Ye shall	1
Yea	1
and I will cause him to draw near	1
and bring	1
and bring ye	1
and causest to approach	1
and drew nigh	1
and he brought	1
and let	1
and let us draw near	1
and offered	1
and shall approach	1
and they brought	1
and they came	1
and they offered	1
and thou hast caused	1
and when I came	1
and when it is presented	1
and when they came near	1
approached	1
bring thou	1
but ye shall offer	1
came nigh	1
came together	1
did offer	1
do offer	1
draw near	1
draw nigh	1
even	1
goeth	1
had	1
had caused	1
had offered	1
hath come near	1
have they offered	1
he brought	1
he brought also	1
he came near	1
he came nigh	1
he hath offered	1
he offer it	1
he presented	1
he shall	1
he shall bring	1
he shall bring it	1
he that offered	1
he that offereth	1
he was come near	1
in offering	1
is at hand	1
is near	1
it shall	1
lay	1
let him	1
let him come near	1
let him offer	1
let us come near	1
men bring	1
men offer	1
must	1
offer it	1
shall approach	1
shall be brought	1
shall bring it	1
shall ye	1
shall ye offer	1
shalt thou offer	1
she brought forth	1
she drew	1
take	1
that	1
that he offereth	1
that offered	1
that when	1
that ye came near	1
then he shall offer	1
then he shall offer it	1
then let him bring	1
then shall he offer	1
therefore went	1
therefore ye shall be brought	1
they are at hand	1
they came	1
they come near	1
they do	1
they have made ready	1
they offer	1
they offered them	1
they shall	1
they shall offer	1
they will offer	1
thou bring	1
thou camest	1
thou offer	1
to be brought	1
to bring	1
to come	1
was joined	1
we may	1
when ye are come nigh	1
when ye bring	1
when ye offer	1
who shall offer	1
will approach	1
will he cause to come near	1
would I go near unto him	1
ye shall	1

And (16)¶

Gen 47:29, Jdg 20:24, Lev 16:11, Lev 16:6, Lev 16:9, Lev 1:15, Lev 7:14, Lev 8:13, Lev 8:6, Lev 9:9, Num 27:5, Num 31:48, Num 36:1, Num 5:16, Num 6:16, Num 7:10

to offer (10)¶

2Ch 35:12, Eze 44:15, Jdg 3:18, Lev 17:4, Lev 21:17, Lev 21:21, Lev 21:21, Lev 23:37, Lev 7:38, Num 28:2

And he brought (9)¶

Jdg 3:17, Jos 7:17, Jos 7:18, Lev 8:18, Lev 8:22, Lev 8:24, Lev 9:15, Lev 9:16, Lev 9:17

near (8)¶

Deu 5:27, Exo 14:20, Jos 3:4, Num 16:10, Num 16:9, Num 3:6, Num 5:16, Zep 3:2

offer (7)¶

Lev 22:20, Lev 22:22, Lev 22:24, Lev 27:11, Lev 3:1, Lev 3:7, Num 9:7

and (6)¶

2Ki 16:12, Deu 25:11, Eze 37:7, Lev 1:13, Lev 1:5, Lev 9:5

approach (6)¶

Deu 31:14, Lev 18:14, Lev 18:19, Lev 20:16, Lev 21:17, Lev 21:18

he shall offer (6)¶

Eze 44:27, Lev 1:3, Lev 7:11, Lev 7:13, Lev 7:14, Lev 7:3

shall bring (6)¶

Lev 16:11, Lev 16:9, Lev 1:13, Lev 1:5, Num 5:16, Num 6:16

But ye shall offer (5)¶

Lev 23:8, Num 28:19, Num 28:27, Num 29:36, Num 29:8

Come near (5)¶

2Sa 20:16, Exo 16:9, Isa 34:1, Jos 10:24, Lev 10:4

brought (5)¶

Lev 8:13, Lev 8:6, Lev 9:9, Num 15:33, Num 27:5

shall offer (5)¶

Eze 46:4, Lev 16:6, Lev 4:14, Lev 6:14, Psa 72:10

thou shalt offer (5)¶

Eze 43:22, Eze 43:23, Lev 2:13, Lev 2:14, Num 15:7

And he shall offer (4)¶

Lev 3:14, Lev 3:3, Lev 3:9, Num 6:14

and offer (4)¶

Lev 14:12, Lev 23:27, Lev 9:2, Num 5:25

come near (4)¶

Gen 20:4, Isa 54:14, Num 16:40, Psa 119:169

come nigh (4)¶

Num 18:22, Num 18:3, Num 18:4, Psa 91:10

offered (4)¶

Ezr 8:35, Num 7:10, Num 7:10, Num 7:2

that cometh nigh (4)¶

Num 18:7, Num 1:51, Num 3:10, Num 3:38

that offereth (4)¶

Lev 7:18, Lev 7:33, Lev 7:8, Lev 7:9

thou shalt bring (4)¶

Exo 29:4, Exo 29:8, Exo 40:14, Num 15:10

ye shall offer (4)¶

Lev 23:36, Lev 2:12, Num 28:11, Num 28:3

And thou shalt bring (3)¶

Exo 40:12, Num 8:10, Num 8:9

and brought (3)¶

Jos 7:16, Jos 8:23, Num 25:6

bring (3)¶

Deu 1:17, Lev 1:2, Num 15:4

came (3)¶

Exo 14:20, Jon 1:6, Psa 27:2

came near (3)¶

Jdg 20:24, Num 31:48, Num 36:1

draweth near (3)¶

Deu 25:11, Isa 26:17, Job 33:22

drew near (3)¶

Est 5:2, Isa 41:5, Lev 9:5

drew nigh (3)¶

1Ki 2:1, Exo 14:10, Gen 47:29

shall (3)¶

Num 15:4, Num 18:4, Psa 91:10

shall come (3)¶

Jos 7:14, Jos 7:14, Jos 7:14

to come near (3)¶

1Sa 10:20, 1Sa 10:21, Num 16:5

when they offered (3)¶

Lev 16:1, Num 26:61, Num 3:4

And they came near (2)¶

Jos 10:24, Jos 17:4

And ye came near (2)¶

Deu 1:22, Deu 4:11

And ye shall offer (2)¶

Lev 23:18, Num 29:13

Go (2)¶

Deu 5:27, Lev 9:7

So (2)¶

Est 5:2, Jon 1:6

and ye shall offer (2)¶

Lev 23:16, Lev 23:36

are at hand (2)¶

Eze 12:23, Gen 27:41

come (2)¶

Jos 3:4, Pro 5:8

he shall offer it (2)¶

Lev 3:1, Lev 3:6

nigh (2)¶

Exo 3:5, Pro 5:8

offereth (2)¶

Lev 21:8, Lev 22:21

shall come near (2)¶

Eze 44:15, Eze 44:16

then (2)¶

Exo 22:8, Lev 4:14

then he shall bring (2)¶

Lev 1:14, Num 15:27

they bring (2)¶

Num 18:15, Num 5:9

thou comest nigh (2)¶

Deu 20:10, Deu 2:19

thou shalt (2)¶

Lev 18:14, Lev 18:19

to draw near (2)¶

Eze 22:4, Eze 9:1

will offer (2)¶

Lev 22:18, Lev 2:1

ye shall bring (2)¶

Lev 1:2, Lev 2:11

And I went (1)¶

Isa 8:3

And I will come (1)¶

Mal 3:5

And he hath brought (1)¶

Num 16:10

And join (1)¶

Eze 37:17

And they (1)¶

Num 15:33

And thou shalt cause (1)¶

Exo 29:10

And thou shalt offer them (1)¶

Eze 43:24

And when (1)¶

1Sa 10:20

And when he was come near (1)¶

2Sa 20:17

Bring (1)¶

Num 3:6

Cause them (1)¶

Eze 9:1

Come ye near (1)¶

Isa 48:16

Draw (1)¶

Exo 3:5

Draw nigh (1)¶

Psa 69:18

He (1)¶

Lev 7:33

He offered (1)¶

Num 7:19

He that offereth (1)¶

Lev 7:29

I bring near (1)¶

Isa 46:13

Let (1)¶

Psa 119:169

Let us draw near (1)¶

1Sa 14:36

Now (1)¶

1Ki 2:1

Produce (1)¶

Isa 41:21

So they went near (1)¶

Lev 10:5

Stand (1)¶

Isa 65:5

That (1)¶

Num 7:2

Then (1)¶

Num 15:4

Then came (1)¶

Num 27:1

Then shall he bring (1)¶

Num 15:9

They draw nigh (1)¶

Psa 119:150

They shall offer (1)¶

Num 7:11

Thou drewest near (1)¶

Lam 3:57

We have therefore brought (1)¶

Num 31:50

When (1)¶

Psa 27:2

When he had caused (1)¶

1Sa 10:21

Who shall offer it (1)¶

Lev 12:7

Ye shall (1)¶

Lev 22:24

Yea (1)¶

Job 33:22

and I will cause him to draw near (1)¶

Jer 30:21

and bring (1)¶

Exo 29:3

and bring ye (1)¶

Num 16:17

and causest to approach (1)¶

Psa 65:4

and drew nigh (1)¶

1Sa 17:48

and he brought (1)¶

Jos 7:17

and let (1)¶

Isa 5:19

and let us draw near (1)¶

Jdg 19:13

and offered (1)¶

Lev 10:1

and shall approach (1)¶

Eze 42:14

and they brought (1)¶

Num 7:3

and they came (1)¶

Num 9:6

and they offered (1)¶

1Ch 16:1

and thou hast caused (1)¶

Eze 22:4

and when I came (1)¶

Deu 22:14

and when it is presented (1)¶

Lev 2:8

and when they came near (1)¶

Exo 40:32

approached (1)¶

2Ki 16:12

bring thou (1)¶

Num 18:2

but ye shall offer (1)¶

Lev 23:25

came nigh (1)¶

2Sa 15:5

came together (1)¶

Eze 37:7

did offer (1)¶

Num 7:18

do offer (1)¶

Lev 21:6

draw near (1)¶

Isa 57:3

draw nigh (1)¶

Isa 5:19

even (1)¶

Num 7:10

goeth (1)¶

Lev 22:3

had (1)¶

Gen 20:4

had caused (1)¶

1Sa 10:20

had offered (1)¶

Num 16:39

hath come near (1)¶

Eze 18:6

have they offered (1)¶

Lev 10:19

he brought (1)¶

Num 9:13

he brought also (1)¶

2Ki 16:14

he came near (1)¶

Gen 37:18

he came nigh (1)¶

Exo 32:19

he hath offered (1)¶

Lev 7:8

he offer it (1)¶

Lev 7:12

he presented (1)¶

Lev 7:35

he shall (1)¶

Lev 21:18

he shall bring (1)¶

Lev 16:20

he shall bring it (1)¶

Lev 1:10

he that offered (1)¶

Num 7:12

he that offereth (1)¶

Num 15:4

he was come near (1)¶

Gen 12:11

in offering (1)¶

Num 15:13

is at hand (1)¶

Deu 15:9

is near (1)¶

Lam 4:18

it shall (1)¶

Isa 54:14

lay (1)¶

Isa 5:8

let him (1)¶

Lev 21:17

let him come near (1)¶

Exo 12:48

let him offer (1)¶

Lev 1:3

let us come near (1)¶

Isa 41:1

men bring (1)¶

Lev 27:9

men offer (1)¶

Lev 7:25

must (1)¶

Num 18:22

offer it (1)¶

Mal 1:8

shall approach (1)¶

Lev 18:6

shall be brought (1)¶

Exo 22:8

shall bring it (1)¶

Lev 1:15

shall ye (1)¶

Lev 22:20

shall ye offer (1)¶

Lev 22:25

shalt thou offer (1)¶

Lev 6:21

she brought forth (1)¶

Jdg 5:25

she drew (1)¶

Zep 3:2

take (1)¶

Exo 28:1

that (1)¶

1Ki 20:29

that he offereth (1)¶

Lev 7:16

that offered (1)¶

Num 16:35

that when (1)¶

2Sa 15:5

that ye came near (1)¶

Deu 5:23

then he shall offer (1)¶

Lev 7:12

then he shall offer it (1)¶

Lev 3:12

then let him bring (1)¶

Lev 4:3

then shall he offer (1)¶

Lev 3:7

therefore went (1)¶

Lev 9:8

therefore ye shall be brought (1)¶

Jos 7:14

they are at hand (1)¶

Eze 36:8

they came (1)¶

1Ki 2:7

they come near (1)¶

Psa 32:9

they do (1)¶

Lev 27:11

they have made ready (1)¶

Hos 7:6

they offer (1)¶

Hag 2:14

they offered them (1)¶

Num 16:38

they shall (1)¶

Num 18:3

they shall offer (1)¶

Lev 6:20

they will offer (1)¶

Lev 22:18

thou bring (1)¶

Lev 2:4

thou camest (1)¶

Deu 2:37

thou offer (1)¶

Lev 2:14

to be brought (1)¶

Exo 29:10

to bring (1)¶

Num 16:9

to come (1)¶

Exo 36:2

was joined (1)¶

1Ki 20:29

we may (1)¶

Num 9:7

when ye are come nigh (1)¶

Deu 20:2

when ye bring (1)¶

Num 28:26

when ye offer (1)¶

Eze 44:7

who shall offer (1)¶

Lev 5:8

will approach (1)¶

Jos 8:5

will he cause to come near (1)¶

Num 16:5

would I go near unto him (1)¶

Job 31:37

ye shall (1)¶

Lev 22:22

Direct database occurrence report: H2076¶

Word: זָבַח
Transliteration: zâbach
Pronunciation: zaw-bakh
POS: v / verb
Lexicon count: 134
Definition: ; a primitive root; to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice):—kill, offer, (do) sacrifice, slay.

Translation	Count
offered	9
sacrifice	8
to sacrifice	8
sacrificed	7
And	5
and sacrificed	5
offer	4
do sacrifice	3
they sacrifice	3
they sacrificed	3
to offer	3
Offer	2
They sacrifice	2
Thou shalt	2
and	2
and offered	2
and sacrifice	2
did sacrifice	2
sacrificing	2
that sacrifice	2
Also	1
And he hath slain	1
And he sacrificed	1
And he slew	1
And let them sacrifice	1
And they offered	1
And they sacrificed	1
And thou shalt offer	1
For he sacrificed	1
He sacrificed also	1
He that sacrificeth	1
I have sacrificed	1
I will	1
I will offer	1
Then	1
They sacrificed	1
Thou shalt therefore sacrifice	1
Whoso offereth	1
Yea, they sacrificed	1
and do sacrifice	1
and hath slain	1
and have sacrificed	1
and killed it	1
and offer	1
and sacrificeth	1
and shalt sacrifice	1
and slew them	1
and these hast thou sacrificed	1
and they offered	1
and they sacrificed	1
and to sacrifice	1
for sacrifice	1
for to offer	1
he offered	1
he sacrificed	1
he that sacrificeth	1
killed	1
of them that had sacrificed	1
offering	1
sacrifice it	1
sacrificeth	1
shall he offer	1
shall we sacrifice	1
shall ye do sacrifice	1
slew	1
that sacrificed	1
that sacrificeth	1
that they may do sacrifice	1
that they offered	1
that we may sacrifice	1
that ye may sacrifice	1
them that offer	1
then he sacrificed	1
then thou shalt kill	1
therefore will I offer	1
they offered	1
they shall	1
they shall offer	1
thou mayest kill	1
thou sacrificedst	1
thou shalt	1
thou shalt sacrifice	1
to him that sacrificeth	1
was	1
we shall sacrifice	1
while he offered	1
will I sacrifice	1
will sacrifice	1
will they sacrifice	1
ye kill them	1
ye offer	1
ye shall offer it	1
ye will offer	1

offered (9)¶

1Ki 22:43, 1Ki 8:62, 1Ki 8:63, 1Sa 1:4, 1Sa 2:13, 2Ch 7:4, 2Ch 7:5, Gen 31:54, Num 22:40

sacrifice (8)¶

1Sa 15:15, 2Ki 17:35, Deu 16:5, Deu 17:1, Exo 13:15, Exo 5:8, Exo 8:25, Psa 54:6

to sacrifice (8)¶

1Ki 3:4, 1Sa 10:8, 1Sa 15:21, 1Sa 16:2, 1Sa 16:5, 2Ch 11:16, Exo 8:29, Lev 9:4

sacrificed (7)¶

1Ki 3:2, 1Ki 3:3, 2Ch 33:22, 2Ch 5:6, 2Ki 12:3, 2Ki 15:35, 2Ki 15:4

And (5)¶

1Ki 1:9, 1Ki 8:63, 2Ch 18:2, 2Ch 7:5, Num 22:40

and sacrificed (5)¶

1Ki 11:8, 1Sa 6:15, 2Ch 33:16, Exo 24:5, Jos 8:31

offer (4)¶

Exo 23:18, Lev 17:5, Lev 17:7, Lev 22:29

do sacrifice (3)¶

Exo 5:17, Eze 39:17, Ezr 4:2

they sacrifice (3)¶

Hab 1:16, Hos 12:11, Hos 4:14

they sacrificed (3)¶

1Sa 11:15, Hos 11:2, Psa 106:38

to offer (3)¶

1Sa 1:21, 1Sa 2:19, Isa 57:7

Offer (2)¶

Psa 4:5, Psa 50:14

They sacrifice (2)¶

Hos 4:13, Hos 8:13

Thou shalt (2)¶

Deu 17:1, Exo 23:18

and (2)¶

1Ki 13:2, 1Sa 11:15

and offered (2)¶

Gen 46:1, Jon 1:16

and sacrifice (2)¶

Exo 5:3, Exo 8:27

did sacrifice (2)¶

2Ch 33:17, 2Ki 14:4

sacrificing (2)¶

1Ki 12:32, 1Ki 8:5

that sacrifice (2)¶

Hos 13:2, Zec 14:21

Also (1)¶

Neh 12:43

And he hath slain (1)¶

1Ki 1:19

And he sacrificed (1)¶

2Ki 16:4

And he slew (1)¶

2Ki 23:20

And let them sacrifice (1)¶

Psa 107:22

And they offered (1)¶

2Ch 15:11

And they sacrificed (1)¶

1Ch 29:21

And thou shalt offer (1)¶

Deu 27:7

For he sacrificed (1)¶

2Ch 28:23

He sacrificed also (1)¶

2Ch 28:4

He that sacrificeth (1)¶

Exo 22:20

I have sacrificed (1)¶

Eze 39:19

I will (1)¶

Psa 54:6

I will offer (1)¶

Psa 116:17

Then (1)¶

Gen 31:54

They sacrificed (1)¶

Deu 32:17

Thou shalt therefore sacrifice (1)¶

Deu 16:2

Whoso offereth (1)¶

Psa 50:23

Yea, they sacrificed (1)¶

Psa 106:37

and do sacrifice (1)¶

Exo 34:15

and hath slain (1)¶

1Ki 1:25

and have sacrificed (1)¶

Exo 32:8

and killed it (1)¶

1Sa 28:24

and offer (1)¶

Lev 17:5

and sacrificeth (1)¶

Mal 1:14

and shalt sacrifice (1)¶

Exo 20:24

and slew them (1)¶

1Ki 19:21

and these hast thou sacrificed (1)¶

Eze 16:20

and they offered (1)¶

Eze 20:28

and they sacrificed (1)¶

Jdg 2:5

and to sacrifice (1)¶

1Sa 1:3

for sacrifice (1)¶

Mal 1:8

for to offer (1)¶

Jdg 16:23

he offered (1)¶

1Ki 8:63

he sacrificed (1)¶

2Sa 6:13

he that sacrificeth (1)¶

Isa 66:3

killed (1)¶

2Ch 18:2

of them that had sacrificed (1)¶

2Ch 34:4

offering (1)¶

2Ch 30:22

sacrifice it (1)¶

Deu 15:21

sacrificeth (1)¶

Ecc 9:2

shall he offer (1)¶

1Ki 13:2

shall we sacrifice (1)¶

Exo 8:26

shall ye do sacrifice (1)¶

2Ki 17:36

slew (1)¶

1Ki 1:9

that sacrificed (1)¶

1Sa 2:15

that sacrificeth (1)¶

Isa 65:3

that they may do sacrifice (1)¶

Exo 8:8

that they offered (1)¶

1Ch 15:26

that we may sacrifice (1)¶

Exo 3:18

that ye may sacrifice (1)¶

Exo 8:28

them that offer (1)¶

Deu 18:3

then he sacrificed (1)¶

1Ch 21:28

then thou shalt kill (1)¶

Deu 12:21

therefore will I offer (1)¶

Psa 27:6

they offered (1)¶

Neh 12:43

they shall (1)¶

Lev 17:7

they shall offer (1)¶

Deu 33:19

thou mayest kill (1)¶

Deu 12:15

thou sacrificedst (1)¶

Deu 16:4

thou shalt (1)¶

Deu 15:21

thou shalt sacrifice (1)¶

Deu 16:6

to him that sacrificeth (1)¶

Ecc 9:2

was (1)¶

1Sa 1:4

we shall sacrifice (1)¶

Exo 8:26

while he offered (1)¶

2Sa 15:12

will I sacrifice (1)¶

2Ch 28:23

will sacrifice (1)¶

Jon 2:9

will they sacrifice (1)¶

Neh 4:2

ye kill them (1)¶

Eze 34:3

ye offer (1)¶

Lev 19:5

ye shall offer it (1)¶

Lev 19:5

ye will offer (1)¶

Lev 22:29

Direct database occurrence report: H7819¶

Word: שָׁחַט
Transliteration: shâchaṭ
Pronunciation: shaw-khat
POS: n-f / feminine noun, verb
Lexicon count: 81
Definition: ; a primitive root; to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre):—kill, offer, shoot out, slay, slaughter.

Translation	Count
and kill	5
And he shall kill	4
and slew	4
And	3
And he slew	3
and slay	3
slew	3
they kill	3
they slew	3
and	2
and killed	2
and slew them	2
be killed	2
he shall kill	2
killeth	2
shall slay	2
that	2
to slay	2
And he killed	1
And he shall slay	1
And they killed	1
And they slew	1
And thou shalt kill	1
And thou shalt slay	1
For when they had slain	1
He slew also	1
He that killeth	1
Shall	1
So kill	1
So they killed	1
That thou hast slain	1
Then	1
Then shall he kill	1
Then shalt thou kill	1
Then they killed	1
Thou shalt	1
and kill it	1
and killing	1
and shall kill	1
and slew him	1
and slew it	1
and they killed	1
be slain	1
he slew	1
is killed	1
kill	1
killed	1
killed them	1
likewise, when they had killed	1
offer	1
shall	1
shall be killed	1
shall kill	1
shall they kill	1
shot out	1
slain	1
slaying	1
slew them	1
therefore he hath slain them	1
they killed also	1
to make slaughter	1
ye shall	1

and kill (5)¶

Exo 12:21, Lev 3:13, Lev 3:8, Lev 4:24, Lev 4:4

And he shall kill (4)¶

Lev 14:25, Lev 14:50, Lev 1:11, Lev 1:5

and slew (4)¶

1Sa 14:32, 1Sa 14:34, 2Ki 10:7, Lev 9:8

And (3)¶

2Ch 29:24, Hos 5:2, Jer 52:10

And he slew (3)¶

Lev 8:15, Lev 8:23, Lev 9:12

and slay (3)¶

1Sa 14:34, Lev 4:29, Lev 4:33

slew (3)¶

Jer 39:6, Jer 39:6, Jer 52:10

they kill (3)¶

Lev 4:24, Lev 4:33, Lev 7:2

they slew (3)¶

2Ki 25:7, Eze 40:41, Eze 40:42

and (2)¶

Exo 12:6, Lev 4:15

and killed (2)¶

Ezr 6:20, Gen 37:31

and slew them (2)¶

1Ki 18:40, 2Ki 10:14

be killed (2)¶

Lev 14:5, Lev 6:25

he shall kill (2)¶

Lev 14:13, Lev 14:19

killeth (2)¶

Lev 17:3, Lev 17:3

shall slay (2)¶

Eze 44:11, Num 19:3

that (2)¶

Jer 41:7, Lev 14:5

to slay (2)¶

Eze 40:39, Gen 22:10

And he killed (1)¶

Lev 8:19

And he shall slay (1)¶

Lev 14:13

And they killed (1)¶

2Ch 35:11

And they slew (1)¶

1Sa 1:25

And thou shalt kill (1)¶

Exo 29:11

And thou shalt slay (1)¶

Exo 29:16

For when they had slain (1)¶

Eze 23:39

He slew also (1)¶

Lev 9:18

He that killeth (1)¶

Isa 66:3

Shall (1)¶

Num 11:22

So kill (1)¶

2Ch 35:6

So they killed (1)¶

2Ch 29:22

That thou hast slain (1)¶

Eze 16:21

Then (1)¶

Jer 39:6

Then shall he kill (1)¶

Lev 16:15

Then shalt thou kill (1)¶

Exo 29:20

Then they killed (1)¶

2Ch 30:15

Thou shalt (1)¶

Exo 34:25

and kill it (1)¶

Lev 3:2

and killing (1)¶

Isa 22:13

and shall kill (1)¶

Lev 16:11

and slew him (1)¶

Jdg 12:6

and slew it (1)¶

Lev 9:15

and they killed (1)¶

2Ch 35:1

be slain (1)¶

Num 11:22

he slew (1)¶

Jer 52:10

is killed (1)¶

Lev 6:25

kill (1)¶

Lev 22:28

killed (1)¶

Lev 14:6

killed them (1)¶

2Ch 29:24

likewise, when they had killed (1)¶

2Ch 29:22

offer (1)¶

Exo 34:25

shall (1)¶

Lev 6:25

shall be killed (1)¶

Lev 4:15

shall kill (1)¶

Exo 12:6

shall they kill (1)¶

Lev 7:2

shot out (1)¶

Jer 9:8

slain (1)¶

Lev 14:51

slaying (1)¶

Isa 57:5

slew them (1)¶

Jer 41:7

therefore he hath slain them (1)¶

Num 14:16

they killed also (1)¶

2Ch 29:22

to make slaughter (1)¶

Hos 5:2

ye shall (1)¶

Lev 22:28

Direct database occurrence report: H8549¶

Word: תָּמִים
Transliteration: tâmîym
Pronunciation: taw-meem
POS: adj / adjective
Lexicon count: 91
Definition: ; from ; entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) integrity, truth:—without blemish, complete, full, perfect, sincerely (-ity), sound, without spot, undefiled, upright(-ly), whole.

Translation	Count
without blemish	43
perfect	13
upright	6
without spot	6
uprightly	4
whole	3
and sincerely	2
a perfect	1
and the perfect	1
and whole	1
but the upright	1
complete	1
full	1
he that is perfect	1
in sincerity	1
of him which is perfect	1
of the perfect	1
of the upright	1
sound	1
the undefiled	1
without blemish)	1

without blemish (43)¶

Exo 12:5, Exo 29:1, Eze 43:22, Eze 43:23, Eze 43:23, Eze 43:25, Eze 45:18, Eze 45:23, Eze 46:13, Eze 46:4, Eze 46:4, Eze 46:6, Eze 46:6, Lev 14:10, Lev 14:10, Lev 1:10, Lev 1:3, Lev 22:19, Lev 23:12, Lev 23:18, Lev 3:1, Lev 3:6, Lev 4:23, Lev 4:28, Lev 4:3, Lev 4:32, Lev 5:15, Lev 5:18, Lev 6:6, Lev 9:2, Lev 9:3, Num 28:19, Num 29:13, Num 29:2, Num 29:20, Num 29:23, Num 29:29, Num 29:32, Num 29:36, Num 29:8, Num 6:14, Num 6:14, Num 6:14

perfect (13)¶

2Sa 22:31, 2Sa 22:33, Deu 18:13, Deu 32:4, Eze 28:15, Gen 17:1, Gen 6:9, Lev 22:21, Psa 101:2, Psa 101:6, Psa 18:30, Psa 18:32, Psa 19:7

upright (6)¶

2Sa 22:24, 2Sa 22:26, Job 12:4, Pro 11:20, Psa 18:23, Psa 18:25

without spot (6)¶

Num 19:2, Num 28:11, Num 28:3, Num 28:9, Num 29:17, Num 29:26

uprightly (4)¶

Amo 5:10, Pro 28:18, Psa 15:2, Psa 84:11

whole (3)¶

Eze 15:5, Jos 10:13, Lev 3:9

and sincerely (2)¶

Jdg 9:16, Jdg 9:19

a perfect (1)¶

1Sa 14:41

and the perfect (1)¶

Pro 2:21

and whole (1)¶

Pro 1:12

but the upright (1)¶

Pro 28:10

complete (1)¶

Lev 23:15

full (1)¶

Lev 25:30

he that is perfect (1)¶

Job 36:4

in sincerity (1)¶

Jos 24:14

of him which is perfect (1)¶

Job 37:16

of the perfect (1)¶

Pro 11:5

of the upright (1)¶

Psa 37:18

sound (1)¶

Psa 119:80

the undefiled (1)¶

Psa 119:1

without blemish) (1)¶

Num 28:31

Word Studies¶

Library-First Evidence¶

H3722-kaphar.md¶

H3722 — כָּפַר (kaphar)¶

Core Data¶

Lexicon Definition¶

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Distribution by Book¶

Semantic Categories¶

1. Ritual Atonement Through Sacrifice (Piel — ~65 occurrences)¶

2. Purging / Removal of Sin (Pual — 7 occurrences)¶

3. Appeasement / Pacification¶

4. Divine Forgiveness / Mercy¶

5. Intercessory / National Atonement¶

6. Physical Covering (Qal — 1 occurrence)¶

7. Annulment / Cancellation¶

Common Collocations¶

Related Words¶

Word Family / Cognates¶

Synonyms¶

Antonyms¶

Easily Confused Words¶

LXX Overlap¶

LXX Mapping¶

H5545-calach.md¶

H5545 — סָלַח (salach)¶

Core Data¶

Lexicon Definition¶

Verb Stem Distribution¶

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Distribution by Book¶

Semantic Categories¶

1. Sacrificial Forgiveness Formula (Niphal passive — 13 verses)¶

2. Intercession / Prayer for Forgiveness (Qal imperative/petition — 12 verses)¶

3. Divine Promise / Declaration of Forgiveness (Qal perfect/imperfect — 10 verses)¶

4. Conditional / Refused Forgiveness (Qal with negative — 5 verses)¶

5. General Divine Attribute / Habitual Action (Qal participle/infinitive — 3 verses)¶

6. Husband Annulling Vows (Qal imperfect — 3 verses)¶

Common Collocations¶

Related Words¶

Synonyms¶

Easily Confused Words¶

Semantic Domain¶

LXX Mapping¶

See Also¶

H5375-nasa.md¶

H5375 — נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ)¶

Core Data¶

Lexicon Definition¶

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Distribution by Book¶

Semantic Categories¶

1. Lifting the Eyes / Voice / Hand (Gestural Idioms)¶

2. Physical Transport and Carrying¶

3. Bearing Consequences and Burdens (Moral/Legal)¶

4. Forgiveness / Pardoning Sin¶

5. Exaltation and Honor¶

6. Taking a Census ("Lifting the Head")¶

Common Collocations¶

Related Words¶

Word Family / Cognates¶

Synonyms¶

Antonyms¶

Easily Confused Words¶

LXX Mapping¶

H2891-taher.md¶

H2891 — טָהֵר (ṭâhêr)¶

Core Data¶

Lexicon Definition¶

Translation Distribution (KJV)¶

Distribution by Book¶

Semantic Categories¶

1. Levitical Cleansing of Persons (Qal/Piel — priest-mediated)¶

2. Purification After Bodily States (Qal — resulting state)¶

3. Ritual Purification of Objects and Sacred Spaces (Piel — active cleansing)¶

4. Self-Purification in Preparation for Worship (Hithpael — reflexive)¶

5. Divine Spiritual Cleansing (Piel — God as agent, prophetic/eschatological)¶

6. Moral Purity as Human Question (Qal — wisdom/philosophical)¶

Common Collocations¶

Related Words¶