Raw Hebrew Parsing Output¶
Leviticus 5:15 — Category 1 Asham (Trespass Against Holy Things)¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| נֶפֶשׁ | נפשׁ | Noun.fs.Abs | soul |
| כִּי | כי | Conj | that |
| תִמְעֹל | מעל | Verb.Qal.Impf.3fs | be unfaithful |
| מַעַל | מעל | Noun.ms.Abs | unfaithfulness |
| וְחָטְאָה | חטא | Verb.Qal.Perf.3fs | miss/sin |
| בִּשְׁגָגָה | שׁגגה | Noun.fs.Abs | error/ignorance |
| מִקָּדְשֵׁי | קדשׁ | Noun.mp.Cst | holy things |
| יְהוָה | יהוה | PropN | YHWH |
| אַיִל | איל | Noun.ms.Abs | ram |
| תָּמִים | תמים | Adj.ms.Abs | complete/without blemish |
| בְּעֶרְכְּךָ | ערך | Noun.ms.Abs+2ms | your estimation |
| כֶּסֶף־שְׁקָלִים | כסף/שׁקל | Noun.ms.Cst/Noun.mp | silver shekels |
| בְּשֶׁקֶל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ | שׁקל/קדשׁ | Noun.ms.Cst/Noun.ms | shekel of the sanctuary |
| לְאָשָׁם | אשׁם | Noun.ms.Abs | for a guilt/trespass offering |
Key observations: - Cognate accusative: timol (verb) maal (noun) — "be unfaithful with unfaithfulness" - The offense is bish'gagah (in error/ignorance) — unwitting trespass - miqqodshei YHWH — "from the holy things of YHWH" — the object of trespass - Monetary valuation: be'erkeka kesef sheqalim — "by your estimation in silver shekels"
Leviticus 5:21 (=English 6:2) — Category 2 Asham (Trespass Against Neighbor)¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| נֶפֶשׁ | נפשׁ | Noun.fs.Abs | soul |
| כִּי | כי | Conj | that |
| תֶחֱטָא | חטא | Verb.Qal.Impf.3fs | sin |
| וּמָעֲלָה | מעל | Verb.Qal.Perf.3fs | be unfaithful |
| מַעַל | מעל | Noun.ms.Abs | unfaithfulness |
| בַּיהוָה | יהוה | Prep+PropN | against YHWH |
| וְכִחֵשׁ | כחשׁ | Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms | deal falsely/deny |
| בַּעֲמִיתֹו | עמית | Noun.ms+3ms | his fellow/neighbor |
| בְּפִקָּדֹון | פקדון | Noun.ms.Abs | deposit |
| בִתְשׂוּמֶת יָד | תשׂומת/יד | Noun.fs.Cst/Noun.s | pledge of hand |
| בְגָזֵל | גזל | Noun.ms.Abs | robbery |
| עָשַׁק | עשׁק | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | oppress/extort |
| אֶת־עֲמִיתֹו | עמית | Noun.ms+3ms | his fellow |
CRITICAL FINDING: The text says "sin and be unfaithful (maal) against YHWH" but then describes the offenses as lying to neighbor (kichesh ba'amito), breach of deposit (piqqadon), pledge of hand (teshumet yad), robbery (gazel), and oppression (ashaq). The DUAL DIMENSION is explicit: offenses AGAINST THE NEIGHBOR are classified AS trespass AGAINST YHWH.
Numbers 5:6 — Expanded Restitution Verse¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| אִישׁ | אישׁ | Noun.ms | man |
| אֹו | או | Conj | or |
| אִשָּׁה | אשׁה | Noun.fs | woman |
| כִּי יַעֲשׂוּ | עשׂה | Verb.Qal.Impf.3mp | they do/commit |
| מִכָּל־חַטֹּאת | חטאת | Noun.fp.Cst | from all sins |
| הָאָדָם | אדם | Noun.ms | humanity/mankind |
| לִמְעֹל | מעל | Verb.Qal.InfCon | to be unfaithful |
| מַעַל | מעל | Noun.ms | unfaithfulness |
| בַּיהוָה | יהוה | Prep+PropN | against YHWH |
| וְאָשְׁמָה | אשׁם | Verb.Qal.Perf.3fs | and be guilty |
| הַנֶּפֶשׁ | נפשׁ | Noun.fs | that soul |
Key observation: "any sin that men commit" (mikkol chattoat ha'adam) — broadens the scope to ALL sins. Then: limol maal baYHWH — "to commit unfaithfulness against YHWH." Even generic human sins become maal against YHWH. Gender-inclusive: ish o-ishah (man or woman).
Numbers 5:7 — Restitution Formula¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וְהִתְוַדּוּ | ידה | Verb.Hithpael.Perf.3p | and they shall confess |
| אֶת־חַטָּאתָם | חטאת | Noun.fs+3mp | their sin |
| וְהֵשִׁיב | שׁוב | Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms | and he shall restore/return |
| אֶת־אֲשָׁמֹו | אשׁם | Noun.ms+3ms | his guilt/liability |
| בְּרֹאשֹׁו | ראשׁ | Noun.ms+3ms | in its principal/head |
| וַחֲמִישִׁתֹו | חמישׁית | Noun.fs+3ms | and its fifth part |
| יֹסֵף | יסף | Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms | shall add |
| עָלָיו | על | Prep+3ms | upon it |
| וְנָתַן | נתן | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | and give |
| לַאֲשֶׁר אָשַׁם לֹו | אשׁם | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | to whom he was guilty |
CRITICAL FINDING: The SEQUENCE is: (1) confess (hithvaddu), (2) restore principal (heshib... beroshO), (3) add the fifth (chamishitO yosef), (4) give to wronged party (venatan). Confession comes FIRST, then restitution, then the ram. The restitution-before-sacrifice ordering is textually clear.
Leviticus 7:2 — Asham Blood Procedure (zaraq)¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| דָּמֹו | דם | Noun.ms+3ms | its blood |
| יִזְרֹק | זרק | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | shall toss/dash |
| עַל | על | Prep | upon |
| הַמִּזְבֵּחַ | מזבח | Noun.ms | the altar |
| סָבִיב | סביב | Noun.s | round about |
CONFIRMED: zaraq (toss/dash) on the altar round about. NOT nathan (put) on the horns.
Leviticus 4:25 — Chattat Blood Procedure (nathan)¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וְנָתַן | נתן | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | and put/place |
| עַל | על | Prep | upon |
| קַרְנֹת | קרן | Noun.fp.Cst | horns |
| מִזְבַּח | מזבח | Noun.ms.Cst | altar of |
| הָעֹלָה | עלה | Noun.fs | the burnt offering |
CONFIRMED: nathan (put) on the horns of the altar. Finger application. Different procedure from asham.
Isaiah 53:10 — Servant's Soul as Asham¶
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| אִם | אם | Conj | if |
| תָּשִׂים | שׂים | Verb.Qal.Impf.3fs | she/it shall make/place |
| אָשָׁם | אשׁם | Noun.ms.Abs | guilt/trespass offering |
| נַפְשֹׁו | נפשׁ | Noun.fs+3ms | his soul |
| יִרְאֶה | ראה | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | he shall see |
| זֶרַע | זרע | Noun.ms | seed |
| יַאֲרִיךְ | ארך | Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms | he shall prolong |
| יָמִים | יום | Noun.mp | days |
| וְחֵפֶץ | חפץ | Noun.ms.Cst | pleasure of |
| יְהוָה | יהוה | PropN | YHWH |
| בְּיָדֹו | יד | Noun.s+3ms | in his hand |
| יִצְלָח | צלח | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | shall prosper |
Key observation: tasim asham nafsho — "shall make his soul a guilt offering." The subject of tasim is debated (3fs could be "she" [his soul] or impersonal). The consequences — seeing seed, prolonging days, YHWH's pleasure prospering — all represent SURPLUS beyond mere restitution. The language of abundance after the asham mirrors the one-fifth surplus principle.