Word Studies¶

Question¶

How do the four atonement frameworks together ground the believer's assurance of salvation, shape the practice of prayer and confession, and define what repentance involves?

From Word Studies Library¶

Confession/Profession Vocabulary¶

homologeo (G3670) — to confess, profess, agree¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3670-homologeo.md - Lit. "to say the same thing" (homos + lego). 23 unique verses, 11 books. - KJV: confess (74%), profess (17%), acknowledge (4%), promise (4%). - 1 John 1:9 key: Present subjunctive (homologomen) — habitual, ongoing practice. Direct object is tas hamartias ("the sins"), specific rather than vague. - Johannine concentration: 39% of all occurrences in John + 1-2 John. Used as christological litmus test. - Rom 10:9-10 pairs homologeo (mouth/external) with pisteuo (heart/internal). - Heb 13:15: confession as praise/thanksgiving (following LXX where homologeo renders yadah).

exomologeo (G1843) — to confess openly, acknowledge fully¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1843-exomologeo.md - Intensified form: ek + homologeo. 11 verses, 8 books. - Dual semantic range: confession of sin (Matt 3:6; Jas 5:16) AND thanksgiving/praise (Matt 11:25; Phil 2:11). - LXX primary source: H3034 yadah (PMI 33.14) — same dual range as Hebrew. - Jas 5:16 (imperative): "Confess your faults one to another" — mutual confession linked to healing.

WG: Confess / Profess / Deny¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-confess.md - Group members: homologeo (core), homologia (noun), exomologeo (intensified), arneomai (antonym: deny), aparneomai (emphatic denial), pisteuo (internal correlate). - Key axis: pisteuō (internal conviction) ↔ homologeō (external declaration) ↔ arneomai (refusal). - John 1:20: confess + deny in single sentence. Titus 1:16: profess + deny contrast.

Repentance Vocabulary¶

metanoia (G3341) — repentance, change of mind (NOUN)¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3341-metanoia.md (newly generated) - 24 verses, 9 books. Lit. "thinking differently afterwards" (meta + noeo). - KJV: exclusively "repentance" — no translation ambiguity. - Repentance as divine gift: Acts 5:31 ("to give repentance"), Acts 11:18 ("granted repentance"), 2 Tim 2:25 ("if God will give repentance"), Rom 2:4 ("goodness of God leadeth to repentance"). - Paired with forgiveness: Luke 24:47 ("repentance and remission"), Acts 5:31 ("repentance... and forgiveness"). - Paired with faith: Acts 20:21 ("repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ"), Heb 6:1 ("foundation of repentance... and of faith"). - Godly sorrow → repentance: 2 Cor 7:9-10 — sorrow works repentance; repentance leads to salvation. - Bearing fruit: Matt 3:8, Acts 26:20 — "works meet for repentance." - Warning — foreclosed: Heb 6:6, Heb 12:17. - Absent from John's Gospel and Johannine epistles (verb metanoeo dominates Revelation).

metanoeo (G3340) — to repent, change one's mind (VERB)¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3340-metanoeo.md - 32 verses, 6 books. Fundamentally cognitive-volitional, not merely emotional. - Heaviest in Revelation (10 of 32), Luke (9), Acts (5). - Categories: kingdom proclamation, universal divine command, response to preaching, heavenly joy over repentant sinner, church discipline (Rev 2-3).

metamellomai (G3338) — to regret, feel remorse¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3338-metamellomai.md - 5 verses / 6 tokens. Fundamentally affective ("to care afterward"), NOT cognitive-volitional. - Critical distinction from metanoeo: Judas "repented himself" (metamellomai, Matt 27:3) but did not experience metanoia. - 2 Cor 7:10 draws the explicit contrast: godly sorrow works metanoia (not metamellomai), worldly sorrow works death. - Heb 7:21: God will NOT metamellomai regarding the priesthood oath — permanence of purpose. - Dual Louw-Nida classification: Sorrow/Regret (025.270) AND Change Opinion (031.008) — but NOT classified as changed behavior (041).

nacham (H5162) — to relent, comfort, repent (OT)¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5162-nacham.md - Used of both divine and human repentance in OT. More emotional/compassionate register than shuwb.

shuwb (H7725) — to return, turn back (OT)¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H7725-shuwb.md - The primary OT repentance-as-turning verb. Volitional/directional. - Jer 31:18: "Turn me (hashiveni, Hiphil imperative) and I shall be turned (ve'ashuva, Qal imperfect)" — God as agent of turning. - Lam 5:21: "Turn us (hashivenu) unto thee, O LORD, and we shall be turned" — same pattern.

WG: Repent¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-repent.md - Group: metanoeo, metanoia, metamellomai, epistrepho, nacham, shuwb. - Three dimensions: cognitive (metanoia/metanoeo), emotional (metamellomai/nacham), volitional (shuwb/epistrepho).

TR: nacham → metamellomai¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-nacham-metamellomai.md - Cross-testament trace: Hebrew relenting/sighing → Greek regret.

TR: shuwb → epistrepho¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-shuwb-epistrepho.md - Cross-testament trace: Hebrew turning → Greek conversion/turning.

Assurance/Access/Boldness Vocabulary¶

parrhesia (G3954) — boldness, confidence, open speech¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3954-parrhesia.md - 31 verses, 11 books. Lit. "all-outspokenness" (pas + rhesis). - KJV: boldness (26%), confidence (19%), openly (16%), plainly (13%). - Category 4 — Confidence of access to God: Eph 3:12 ("boldness and access"), Heb 4:16 ("come boldly unto the throne"), Heb 10:19 ("boldness to enter the holiest by the blood"), 1 John 5:14 ("confidence that we have in him"). - Category 5 — Confidence to be retained: Heb 3:6, 10:35 ("cast not away your confidence"), 1 John 2:28 ("confidence... not ashamed"), 1 John 4:17 ("boldness in the day of judgment"). - Athenian political origin: the right of free citizens to speak openly in the assembly. Applied to divine access.

prosagoge (G4318) — access, introduction¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4318-prosagoge.md - Only 3 NT occurrences, exclusively Pauline, all accusative singular as object of echo. - Rom 5:2: "we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand" — result of justification. - Eph 2:18: "through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father" — Trinitarian structure, Jew-Gentile unity. - Eph 3:12: "boldness and access with confidence by the faith of him" — paired with parrhesia. - Classical Greek: the right of audience with a king. Cognate verb prosago (G4317) maps to H7126 qarab (Levitical approach verb).

plerophoria (G4136) — full assurance¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4136-plerophoria.md (newly generated) - Only 4 NT occurrences. Always rendered "(full) assurance" in KJV. - Col 2:2: "full assurance of understanding" (intellectual confidence). - 1 Thess 1:5: "much assurance" (experiential confidence in gospel proclamation). - Heb 6:11: "full assurance of hope" (forward-looking confidence). - Heb 10:22: "full assurance of faith" (confidence in approaching God — the atonement passage). - Never appears in nominative — always in dependent constructions. Exclusively Pauline epistles. - Related to plerophoreo (G4135): "being fully persuaded" (Rom 4:21 — Abraham).

eirene (G1515) — peace¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1515-eirene.md - 92 NT occurrences. Root: eiro ("to join"). - Rom 5:1: "we have peace with God" — the result of justification. Peace as reconciled relationship, not merely inner tranquility.

pistis (G4102) — faith¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4102-pistis.md

pisteuo (G4100) — to believe¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4100-pisteuo.md

Intercession Vocabulary¶

parakletos (G3875) — advocate, comforter¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3875-parakletos.md - 5 verses, exclusively Johannine. KJV: Comforter (4x), advocate (1x). - 1 John 2:1: "we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous" — legal/forensic advocacy for sinning believers. The only NT use applied to Christ (all others = Holy Spirit). - John 14-16: The Spirit as parakletos — teaching, reminding, testifying, convicting. - Classical Greek: legal assistant appearing on another's behalf in court. - Distinct from mesites (mediator standing between parties); parakletos stands alongside one party.

entygchano (G1793) — to intercede¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1793-entynchano.md - 5 verses (3 in Romans). Present tense dominates (4 of 5) — ongoing, continuous intercession. - Rom 8:27: Spirit intercedes for saints. Rom 8:34: Christ intercedes at God's right hand. - Heb 7:25: "he ever liveth to make intercession" — present infinitive, permanent action. - Rom 11:2: Elijah interceded against Israel — the word can carry hostile petition.

huperentygchano (G5241) — to intercede on behalf of (intensified)¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5241-huperentugchano.md - Hapax legomenon: Rom 8:26 only. Present active indicative — continuous. - The hyper prefix distinguishes this intercession as exceeding normal petition: "with groanings which cannot be uttered." - Paired with cognate entygchano (v.27): Paul uses intensified form for the Spirit's action, then the simpler form in the explanation.

Atonement Framework Vocabulary¶

hilasmos (G2434) — propitiation (abstract act)¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2434-hilasmos.md - 2 NT occurrences, both in 1 John. Christ IS the hilasmos (predicate nominative 2:2; purpose accusative 4:10). - 1 John 2:2: propitiation in context of advocacy — Christ advocates AND propitiates. - 1 John 4:10: divine love is the motive — "he loved us, and sent his Son to be the propitiation." - LXX renders both kippur (atonement event) and selichah (forgiveness attribute) with hilasmos.

hilasterion (G2435) — mercy seat / propitiation (concrete)¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2435-hilasterion.md - 2 NT occurrences: Rom 3:25 (Christ as the propitiatory) and Heb 9:5 (the mercy seat of the Ark). - Rom 3:25: public display of God's righteousness — what happened annually at the kapporeth now happens publicly at the cross. - LXX primary: H3727 kapporeth (mercy seat), 16 co-occurrences.

exagorazo (G1805) — to redeem from marketplace¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1805-exagorazo.md - 4 NT occurrences, exclusively Pauline. The ek- prefix = buying OUT OF a condition. - Gal 3:13: Aorist active — completed redemption from the curse of the law. Christ "became a curse for us." - Gal 4:5: Purpose: adoption as sons. Freedom produces new identity. - Entirely non-Levitical: marketplace redemption vocabulary. Not cultic.

katharizo (G2511) — to cleanse, purify¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2511-katharizo.md - 29 unique verses, 37 tokens. Root: katharos (clean, pure). - 1 John 1:7: katharizei (present active indicative) — ONGOING cleansing. "The blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin." - 1 John 1:9: katharisei (aorist active subjunctive) — each act of confession results in cleansing. - Heb 9:14: blood purges conscience from dead works. - Heb 10:2: "worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins." - LXX primary source: H2891 taher (to be clean/purify), 61 co-occurrences.

haima (G129) — blood¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G129-haima.md - Central to cleansing mechanism: 1 John 1:7, Heb 9:14, 9:22, 10:19, 12:24.

Justification/Imputation Vocabulary¶

dikaioo (G1344) — to justify¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1344-dikaioo.md - Rom 8:33: "God that justifieth" (present active participle — ongoing justifying activity).

logizomai (G3049) — to reckon, impute¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3049-logizomai.md - 12x in Rom 4 alone. Ledger/accounting vocabulary. Imputation of righteousness grounds assurance.

charis (G5485) — grace¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5485-charis.md - Rom 5:2: "grace wherein we stand" — grace as a position, not merely an attitude. - Rom 5:15,17,20: grace "abounded" (eperisseusen), "much more abounded" (huperperisseusen) — surplus vocabulary echoing the asham's overpayment.

Reconciliation Vocabulary¶

katallage (G2643) — reconciliation¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2643-katallage.md - Rom 5:11: "we have now received the atonement [katallage]" — reconciliation as present possession.

katallasso (G2644) — to reconcile¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2644-katallasso.md

OT Confession Vocabulary¶

yadah (H3034) — to praise, confess, give thanks¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3034-yadah.md - Same dual range as exomologeo: confession of sin AND declaration of praise.

OT Atonement Framework Vocabulary¶

asham (H817) — guilt/trespass offering¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H817-asham.md - Uniquely fuses guilt-state and offering. The mandatory one-fifth surplus (Lev 6:5) echoes in Rom 5:15-17 "much more" language.

chata (H2398) — to sin, miss, purify¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2398-chata.md - Root of chattat (sin offering). Piel stem = "to purify."

salach (H5545) — to forgive¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5545-calach.md - The result of chattat sacrifice. God-exclusive verb — only God salachs.

nasa (H5375) — to bear, carry¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5375-nasa.md - Priestly sin-bearing. Lev 10:17: priests bear iniquity AND make atonement simultaneously.

kaphar (H3722) — to cover, atone¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3722-kaphar.md

Word Groups Referenced¶

Word Group	Source Path
WG-atonement	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-atonement.md`
WG-forgiveness	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-forgiveness.md`
WG-guilt-offering	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-guilt-offering.md`
WG-intercession	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-intercession.md`
WG-prayer	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-prayer.md`
WG-boldness	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-boldness.md`
WG-cleansing	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-cleansing.md`
WG-sacrifice	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-sacrifice.md`
WG-imputation	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-imputation.md`
WG-reconciliation	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-reconciliation.md`
WG-repent	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-repent.md`
WG-faith	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-faith.md`
WG-superabundance	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-superabundance.md`
WG-advocacy-comfort	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-advocacy-comfort.md`
WG-trust	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-trust.md`
WG-confess	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-confess.md`
WG-peace	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-peace.md`
WG-grace	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-grace.md`
WG-debt	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-debt.md`

Translation Relationships Referenced¶

Relationship	Source Path
TR-chata-hamartano	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-chata-hamartano.md`
TR-nacham-metamellomai	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-nacham-metamellomai.md`
TR-nasa-airo	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-nasa-airo.md`
TR-shuwb-epistrepho	`D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-shuwb-epistrepho.md`

Fresh Lookups (No Library Entry)¶

batach (H982) — to trust¶

Source: Fresh tool query (search_strongs.py --lookup H982) - 135 total occurrences, 83 unique translations. - Primary: "trust" and variants (~70% of occurrences). - Also: "confident" (1x), "secure" (2x), "bold" (1x), "hope" (1x), "careless" (3x). - The dominant OT trust verb. Concentrated in Psalms and Proverbs. - Characteristic pattern: trust IN the LORD (b- + YHWH) — relational confidence. - Prov 3:5: "Trust in the LORD with all thine heart." Psa 37:5: "Commit thy way unto the LORD; trust also in him."

mibtach (H4009) — confidence, trust (noun)¶

Source: Fresh tool query (search_strongs.py --lookup H4009) - 15 total occurrences, 14 unique translations. - Primary: "confidence" (variously inflected, ~60%), "trust" (~25%), "hope" (1x), "sure" (1x). - The noun form of H982 batach — the state of trusting, the settled quality of confidence. - Psa 40:4: "Blessed is the man that maketh the LORD his trust [mibtach]." - Prov 14:26: "In the fear of the LORD is strong confidence [mibtach]." - Jer 17:7: "Blessed is the man that trusteth in the LORD, and whose hope [mibtach] the LORD is."

Grammar Reference¶

Divine Passive¶

Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/grammar-reference/greek/divine-passive.md - Relevant to soteriological constructions: Rom 3:28 ("a man is justified" — passive, God as implied agent), Rom 4:25 ("was raised" — divine passive), Rom 5:9 ("being now justified" — passive participle). - Rom 4:20: enedynamothe (aorist passive — "was strengthened") — divine passive indicating God as the one who strengthened Abraham's faith.