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Topics Research

Question

How does Isaiah 53 weave together the chattat, asham, priestly sin-bearing, and (possibly) curse frameworks in a single passage, and what does the structure of the chapter reveal about the relationship between the frameworks?

Topics

ATONEMENT

  • For tabernacle and furniture LEV 16:15-20,33
  • In consummation of the Levites NUM 8:21
  • For those defiled by the dead NUM 6:11
  • Made for houses LEV 14:53
  • For sin (see below)
  • By meat offerings LEV 5:11-13
  • By jewels NUM 31:50
  • By money EXO 30:12-16; LEV 5:15,16; 2KI 12:16
  • By incense NUM 16:46-50
  • DAY OF: Time EXO 30:10; LEV 23:27; 25:9; NUM 29:7. Procedure: EXO 30:10; LEV 16:2-34; 23:27-32; NUM 29:7-11; ACT 27:9; HEB 5:3; 9:7,19,22
  • BY ANIMAL SACRIFICES: EXO 29:36; 30:12-16; LEV 1:4; 4:20,22-35; 5:6-10; 6:7; 9:7; 10:17; 12:6-8; 14:12-32; 16:6,10,11,15-19,24-34; 17:11; 19:22; NUM 15:22-28; 28:22,30; 29:5,10,11; HEB 9:22
  • MADE BY JESUS:
  • Divinely ordained: LUK 2:30,31; GAL 4:4,5; EPH 1:3-12,17-22; 2:4-10; COL 1:19,20; 1PE 1:20; REV 13:8
  • A mystery: 1CO 2:7
  • With context: 1PE 1:8-12
  • Made but once: HEB 7:27; 9:24-28; 10:10,12,14; 1PE 3:18
  • Redemption by: MAT 20:28; ACT 20:28; GAL 3:13; 1TI 2:6; HEB 9:12; REV 5:9
  • Typified: GEN 4:4 w/ HEB 11:4; GEN 22:2 w/ HEB 11:17,19; EXO 12:5,11,14 w/ 1CO 5:7; EXO 24:8 w/ HEB 9:20; LEV 16:30,34 w/ HEB 9:7,12,28; LEV 17:11 w/ HEB 9:22
  • UNCLASSIFIED: PSA 40:6,7; ISA 53:4-12; DAN 9:24-27; ZEC 13:1; MAT 26:28; LUK 22:20; 24:46,47; JHN 1:29,36; 6:51; 11:49-51; ACT 17:2,3; 20:28; ROM 3:24-26; 4:25; 5:1,2,6-11,15-21; 1CO 1:17,18,23,24; 15:3; 2CO 5:18,19; GAL 1:3,4; 4:4,5; EPH 1:7; 2:13-18; 5:2,25; COL 1:14,19-22; 1TH 5:9,10; 1TI 2:5,6; TIT 2:14; HEB 1:3; 2:9,17; 9:12-15,25,26; 10:1-20; 12:24; 13:12,20,21; 1PE 1:18-20; 2:24; 3:18; 1JN 1:7; 2:2; 3:5; 4:10; 5:6; REV 1:5; 5:9; 7:14; 12:11

SUFFERING

  • FOR CHRIST: ACT 9:16; ROM 8:17-23,26; 1CO 4:12,13; 2CO 1:7; 4:11-18; PHP 1:29; 2:27-30; 3:10; COL 1:24; 2TH 1:4,5; 2TI 2:12; JAS 5:10; 1PE 4:13,14; 5:10
  • OF CHRIST: LUK 24:26,46,47; JHN 6:51; 10:11,15; 11:50,52; ROM 4:25; 5:6-8; 14:15; 1CO 1:17,18,23,24; 8:11; 15:3; 2CO 5:14,15; GAL 1:4; 2:20,21; EPH 5:2,25; 1TH 5:9,10; HEB 2:9,10,14,18; 5:8,9; 9:15,16,28; 10:10,18-20; 1PE 2:21,24; 3:18; 4:1; 1JN 3:16
  • VICARIOUS: EXO 9:13-16; JHN 15:13; ROM 9:3; 1PE 2:21; 1JN 3:16. Instance: GEN 22:13 (the ram for Isaac)

SACRIFICES

  • FIGURATIVE: ISA 34:6; EZK 39:17; ZEP 1:7,8; ROM 12:1; PHP 2:17; 4:18
  • Of self-denial: PHP 3:7,8
  • Of praise: PSA 116:17; JER 33:11; HOS 14:2; HEB 13:15

PRIEST

  • DUTIES: Offer sacrifices LEV 1:4-17; 2:2,16; 3:5,11,13,16; 4:5-12,17,25,26,30-35; 1CH 16:40; 2CH 13:11; 29:34; 35:11-14; EZR 6:20; HEB 10:11. Pronounce benedictions NUM 6:22-27; DEU 21:5; 2CH 30:27. Teach the law LEV 10:11; DEU 24:8; 27:14; 31:9-13; 33:10; JER 2:8; MAL 2:7.
  • HIGH PRIEST DUTIES: Offer sacrifices HEB 5:1; 8:3. On Day of Atonement EXO 30:10; LEV 16; HEB 5:3; 9:7,22,23. Burn incense EXO 30:7,8; 1SA 2:28; 1CH 23:13.
  • FIGURATIVE: EXO 19:6; ISA 61:6; 1PE 2:9; REV 1:6; 5:10; 20:6

LAMB OF GOD

A name of Jesus: JHN 1:29; REV 6:16; 7:9,10,14,17; 12:11; 13:8; 14:1,4; 15:3; 17:14; 19:17; 21:9,14,22,23,27; 22:1,3

PUNISHMENT

  • MODES OF EXECUTION: Hanging GEN 40:22; DEU 21:22,23; JOS 8:29. Crucifixion MAT 27:35,38; MRK 15:24,27; LUK 23:33.
  • ACCORDING TO DEEDS: JOB 34:11; PSA 62:12; PRO 12:14; 24:12; ISA 59:18; JER 17:10; EZK 7:3,27; 16:59; 39:24; ZEC 1:6; MAT 5:22; 16:27; 23:14; LUK 12:47,48; 20:47

Cross-references to ATONEMENT and SUFFERING. Key verse: GEN 22:13 (the ram for Isaac).

HUMILIATION AND SELF-AFFLICTION

LEV 16:29-31; 23:26-32; EZR 8:21-23. Relevant to the Servant's self-humiliation in Isa 53:7.

SEED

GEN 1:11,12,29; 1CO 15:38. Relevant to Isa 53:10 "he shall see his seed" and Abrahamic seed promise (Gen 22:17-18; Gal 3:16,29).