Word Studies¶
From Word Studies Library¶
H5137 nazah (sprinkle) -- The Finger-Sprinkling Verb¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5137-nazah.md
- 22 verses, 28 tokens; 5 books (Leviticus: 13/22)
- Qal (4x): intransitive spattering; Hiphil (20x): causative priestly sprinkling
- Collocations: dam (blood, 55%), sheba+paam (seven times, 45%), etsba (finger, 32%)
- In Lev 4:6,17: Hiphil.Perf.3ms -- priest dips finger, spatters blood 7x liphnei YHWH et-pnei paroketh haqqodesh
- Distinct from zaraq: nazah = fine controlled finger-sprinkling; zaraq = forceful bowl-dashing
H5414 nathan (give/put) -- The Horn-Application Verb¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5414-nathan.md
- 1814 verses; Qal.Perf.3ms in chattat = priest puts blood on horns
- Lev 4:7: wenatan on horns of incense altar; Lev 4:25,30,34: on horns of burnt offering altar
- Deliberate transfer/assignment -- purposeful placement on specific points
H8210 shaphakh (pour out) -- The Base-Pouring Verb¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H8210-shaphak.md
- 111 verses; Qal.Impf.3ms yishpokh in chattat = pours ALL remaining blood at yesod
- Final blood action in every chattat pericope
- LXX: ekcheo (G1632) in 99/111 occurrences
H2403 chattaah (sin/sin offering)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2403-chattaah.md - 270 verses; dual semantic: sin (~42%) and sin offering (~43%). LXX: hamartia (G266) 242x.
H3722 kaphar (atone/cover)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3722-kaphar.md - 102 occurrences; Piel (92x). In chattat result formula: Piel.Perf.3ms kipper. Identical in all four Lev 4 formulas.
H5545 salach (forgive)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5545-calach.md - 45 verses; Niphal nislach (13x) exclusively in sacrificial formulae. God-exclusive verb. Divine passive.
H2930 tame (defile)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2930-tame.md - 142 verses; Piel = causative defilement. Lev 15:31: betammeam = when they defile my tabernacle.
H2891 taher (purify)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2891-taher.md - 94 occurrences; Lev 16:19: taher (Piel) cleanses altar from accumulated uncleanness.
H1818 dam (blood)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H1818-dam.md - 295 verses; carries the nephesh (life-force): Lev 17:11,14.
H7161 qeren (horn) -- Altar Horns as Blood-Application Points¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H7161-qeren.md - 69 verses; physical horn -> altar corners -> figurative power/authority - Altar horns: four projecting corners, blood-application targets in every chattat - Collocations: mizbeach (16x), dam (11x), yesod (8x) -- the ritual triad - Also a place of refuge (1Ki 1:50) -- grasping the horns = seeking sanctuary
H6440 paniym (face/before) -- Spatial Orientation¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6440-paniym.md - 1,875 verses; over 60% prepositional (liphnei = before) - In Lev 4:6: double prepositional construction liphnei YHWH + et-pnei paroketh haqqodesh - Orients blood TOWARD the veil = TOWARD the Most Holy Place without entering it
H6944 qodesh (holy) -- Graduated Sanctity Zones¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6944-qodesh.md - 452 occurrences; graduated zones: courtyard < qodesh < qodesh qodashim - The chattat flesh is qodesh qodashim (most holy, 6:25,29)
H4720 miqdash (sanctuary)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H4720-miqdash.md - 71 verses; specific consecrated PLACE. Num 19:20: defilement of the miqdash.
H6942 qadash (sanctify)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6942-qadash.md - 153 verses; Lev 8:15: Moses sanctified altar through blood. Lev 16:19: priest hallows altar after cleansing. - Sequential: cleanse (taher) THEN hallow (qadash) -- purification precedes consecration.
H5375 nasa (bear/carry) -- Priestly Sin-Bearing¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5375-nasa.md - 607 verses; in Lev 10:17: laset avon haedah = to bear the iniquity of the congregation - The priest bears sin by eating the chattat flesh -- ALTERNATIVE sin-transfer mechanism when blood does NOT enter Holy Place - Same verb for forgiveness: nasa + avon = lift away guilt (Exo 34:7; Psa 32:5) - Isa 53:12: he bore (nasa) the sin of many -- messianic application
H5930 olah (burnt offering)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5930-olah.md - 262 verses; the burnt offering altar is the default blood-destination in Path 2 chattat
Newly Generated (Phase 3.5)¶
H2236 zaraq (dash/sprinkle)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2236-zaraq.md - 33 verses; the CONTRAST verb. Used for burnt/peace/trespass -- NOT chattat in Lev 4.
H7126 qarab (bring near/offer)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H7126-qarab.md - 263 verses; Hiphil (154x = 75%) = bring near/present/offer - The approach/offering verb in each chattat pericope (Lev 4:3,14,23,28) - LXX: prosphero (G4374, 83x) for transitive offering sense
H7819 shachat (slaughter)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H7819-shachat.md - 70 verses; Leviticus 30 (43%); the killing verb in the chattat procedure - Ritual sequence: samak (lay hand) -> shachat (slaughter) -> blood handling - Performed by the OFFERER (not the priest) -- note Lev 4:4,15,24,29,33 - LXX: sphazo (G4969, 58x) -- same word for Lamb in Rev 5:6
H4196 mizbeach (altar) -- Two Altars in the Chattat System¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H4196-mizbeach.md - 338 verses; from zabach (slaughter) -- literally a place of slaughter - Two altars operative in chattat: 1. mizbach qetoret hassammim (altar of incense/sweet spices) -- inside Holy Place 2. mizbach haolah (altar of burnt offering) -- in the courtyard - Path 1 (priest/congregation): blood touches BOTH altars (incense horns + burnt offering base) - Path 2 (ruler/commoner): blood touches ONLY the courtyard altar (burnt offering horns + base) - LXX: thysiasteriom (G2379, 299x) -- one of the tightest Hebrew-Greek mappings
H6532 poreketh (veil/curtain) -- The Separatrix¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6532-poreketh.md - 23 verses; exclusively the INNER curtain dividing Holy Place from Most Holy Place - Etymology: from perek (separation) -- that which separates - In Lev 4:6: paroketh haqqodesh; in 4:17: happaroketh (without haqqodesh qualifier) - The blood is sprinkled BEFORE the veil, not through it -- marking the boundary - LXX: katapetasma (G2665, 22x) -- torn at the crucifixion (Matt 27:51; Heb 10:20)
H8211 shephek (emptying place)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H8211-shephek.md - HAPAX: only Lev 4:12 (2 tokens in same verse) - The designated clean place (maqom tahor) outside the camp where ashes are dumped - Where Path 1 chattat carcass is completely burned - From root shaphakh (pour out) -- the place of pouring/dumping
H3247 yesod (foundation/base) -- The Altar Base¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3247-ycowd.md - 20 verses; Leviticus 8/20 (40%) in altar-base blood-pouring formula - KJV: bottom (45% -- cultic), foundation (55% -- architectural) - Collocations: dam (9x), mizbeach (9x), qeren (8x), shaphakh (7x) - The structural base where ALL remaining blood is poured in EVERY chattat pericope - LXX distinguishes: basis (G939) for altar base; themelios (G2310) for architectural foundations
Word Groups¶
WG-blood.md -- Blood Concept (NT)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-blood.md - 8 Greek words: haima (substance), ekcheo (shedding), haimatekchysia (shedding event), sphazo (slaughter), diatheke (covenant), hamartia (problem), sarx (paired element), hudor (paired element) - Hebrew sources: dam->haima (269x); shaphakh->ekcheo (99x); shachat->sphazo (58x); zaraq->haima (23x) - Key passage: Matt 26:28 = haima+ekcheo+diatheke+hamartia together
WG-atonement.md -- Atonement Cluster (OT)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-atonement.md - Central verb kaphar linked to: chattaah (38x co-occ), kohen (27x), mizbeach (17x), dam (12x), salach (12x), taher (12x) - Complete role system: Action (kaphar), Price (kopher), Event (kippur), Place (kapporeth), Agent (kohen), Instrument (dam), Offering (chattaah), Location (mizbeach), Problem (avon), Result-divine (salach), Result-ritual (taher)
WG-cleansing.md -- Clean/Unclean System¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-cleansing.md - Exact antonym pair: taher/tame with verb, adjective, noun forms - Purification formula: kabas (wash clothes) + rachats (bathe body) -> taher (be clean) - The binary system governing access to sacred space
WG-sacrifice.md -- OT Offering Taxonomy¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-sacrifice.md - Seven core types: olah, shelem, zebach, qorban, minchah, chattaah, asham - Chattat distinctly addresses defilement/purification; asham addresses liability/restitution - olah+chattaah co-occur 47x -- the most common sacrificial pairing
WG-defile.md -- NT Defilement¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-defile.md - miaino (G3392, LXX of tame H2930, 86x); koinoo (G2840, make common/profane) - NT authors differentiate defilement types rather than stacking synonyms
WG-altar.md -- Altar/Sacrifice (NT)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-altar.md - thysiasteriom (G2379, place) + thysia (G2378, offering) + thyo (G2380, action) - LXX bridge: mizbeach -> thysiasteriom (299x)
WG-forgiveness.md -- Forgiveness (NT)¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-forgiveness.md - aphiemi/aphesis (release), apolytrosis (redemption), hilaskomai (propitiation), charizomai (grace) - OT bridge: salach -> aphiemi (14x) + hilaskomai (6x)
WG-holiness.md -- Holiness Cluster¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-holiness.md - All from root q-d-sh: qodesh (noun, 452x), qadash (verb, 172x), qadowsh (adj, 116x), miqdash (noun, 74x) - LXX: all -> hagios (G40) -- Greek collapses the noun/adj/place distinction
Grammar References¶
- Hiphil stem: nazah in Hiphil = causative sprinkling (stem-hiphil.md)
- Niphal stem: nislach = divine passive forgiveness (stem-niphal.md)