Raw Greek Parsing Data¶
Romans 3:25¶
Greek: ὃν προέθετο ὁ Θεὸς ἱλαστήριον διὰ πίστεως ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι, εἰς ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν τῶν προγεγονότων ἁμαρτημάτων
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ὃν | ὅς | G3739 | R-ASM (Relative pronoun, Accusative Singular Masculine) |
| προέθετο | προτίθημι | G4388 | V-2AMI-3S (Aorist Middle Indicative, 3rd Singular) |
| ὁ | ὁ | G3588 | T-NSM |
| Θεὸς | θεός | G2316 | N-NSM |
| ἱλαστήριον | ἱλαστήριος | G2435 | N-ASN (Accusative Singular Neuter — ANARTHROUS) |
| διὰ | διά | G1223 | PREP |
| πίστεως | πίστις | G4102 | N-GSF |
| ἐν | ἐν | G1722 | PREP |
| τῷ | ὁ | G3588 | T-DSN |
| αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | G846 | P-GSM |
| αἵματι | αἷμα | G129 | N-DSN |
| εἰς | εἰς | G1519 | PREP |
| ἔνδειξιν | ἔνδειξις | G1732 | N-ASF |
| τῆς δικαιοσύνης | δικαιοσύνη | G1343 | N-GSF |
| αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | G846 | P-GSM |
| διὰ | διά | G1223 | PREP |
| τὴν πάρεσιν | πάρεσις | G3929 | N-ASF (passing over — hapax) |
| τῶν προγεγονότων | προγίνομαι | G4266 | V-2RAP-GPN (Perfect Active Participle) |
| ἁμαρτημάτων | ἁμάρτημα | G265 | N-GPN |
Key observations: - ἱλαστήριον is ANARTHROUS (no article) — emphasizes function/quality: Christ IS a propitiatory - προέθετο (aorist middle of προτίθημι) = "set forth publicly / displayed" — God is the subject who publicly presents Christ - πάρεσις (G3929, hapax) = "passing over" — NOT ἄφεσις (remission/forgiveness) — divine forbearance toward past sins, not full cancellation - εἰς ἔνδειξιν = "for a demonstration/proof of" his righteousness — purpose clause
Romans 3:26¶
Greek: ἐν τῇ ἀνοχῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ, πρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ, εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἀνοχῇ | ἀνοχή | G463 | N-DSF (forbearance/tolerance) |
| πρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν | ἔνδειξις | G1732 | N-ASF (toward the demonstration) |
| δικαιοσύνης | δικαιοσύνη | G1343 | N-GSF |
| εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν | εἰμί | G1510 | V-PAN (purpose infinitive: "so that he might be") |
| δίκαιον | δίκαιος | G1342 | A-ASM (just/righteous) |
| καὶ δικαιοῦντα | δικαιόω | G1344 | V-PAP-ASM (Present Active Participle: "the one justifying") |
Key observations: - The εἰς τὸ + infinitive construction = purpose clause: "in order that he might be" - δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα = "just AND the justifier" — dual purpose: God maintains his own justice WHILE justifying the sinner - Present active participle δικαιοῦντα = ongoing justifying action, not one-time event
Hebrews 2:17¶
Greek: ὅθεν ὤφειλεν κατὰ πάντα τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὁμοιωθῆναι, ἵνα ἐλεήμων γένηται καὶ πιστὸς ἀρχιερεὺς τὰ πρὸς τὸν Θεόν, εἰς τὸ ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ λαοῦ.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ὤφειλεν | ὀφείλω | G3784 | V-IAI-3S (Imperfect: "he was obligated") |
| ὁμοιωθῆναι | ὁμοιόω | G3666 | V-APN (Aorist Passive Infinitive: "to be made like") |
| ἵνα ... γένηται | γίνομαι | G1096 | V-2ADS-3S (Aorist Middle Subjunctive: purpose — "so that he might become") |
| ἐλεήμων | ἐλεήμων | G1655 | A-NSM (merciful) |
| πιστὸς | πιστός | G4103 | A-NSM (faithful) |
| ἀρχιερεὺς | ἀρχιερεύς | G749 | N-NSM (high priest) |
| εἰς τὸ ἱλάσκεσθαι | ἱλάσκομαι | G2433 | V-PPN (Present Passive Infinitive — purpose) |
| τὰς ἁμαρτίας | ἁμαρτία | G266 | N-APF (the sins — accusative direct object) |
| τοῦ λαοῦ | λαός | G2992 | N-GSM (of the people — genitive) |
Key observations: - ἱλάσκεσθαι is Present Passive Infinitive — ongoing priestly action, not a one-time event - The accusative τὰς ἁμαρτίας makes "sins" the direct object of propitiation — Christ propitiates/expiates THE SINS, not God - τὰ πρὸς τὸν Θεόν = "in things pertaining to God" — the Godward aspect of priestly work - ἐλεήμων + πιστός = "merciful AND faithful" — two qualities needed for propitiation
1 John 2:2¶
Greek: καὶ αὐτὸς ἱλασμός ἐστιν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν, οὐ περὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων δὲ μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ ὅλου τοῦ κόσμου.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| αὐτὸς | αὐτός | G846 | P-NSM (he himself — emphatic) |
| ἱλασμός | ἱλασμός | G2434 | N-NSM (propitiation — predicate nominative) |
| ἐστιν | εἰμί | G1510 | V-PAI-3S (is — present tense) |
| περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν | ἁμαρτία | G266 | N-GPF (concerning/for our sins) |
| ὅλου τοῦ κόσμου | κόσμος | G2889 | N-GSM (the whole world) |
Key observations: - ἱλασμός is predicate nominative — Christ IS the propitiation (identity statement) - περί + genitive = "concerning/for" — sin as the problem addressed, not God as the one placated - Universal scope: "not for ours only but for the whole world" - Present tense ἐστιν = Christ IS (ongoing) the propitiation
1 John 4:10¶
Greek: ἐν τούτῳ ἐστὶν ἡ ἀγάπη, οὐχ ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠγαπήκαμεν τὸν Θεόν, ἀλλ' ὅτι αὐτὸς ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς καὶ ἀπέστειλεν τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἱλασμὸν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἡ ἀγάπη | ἀγάπη | G26 | N-NSF (the love — articular, definite) |
| ἠγαπήκαμεν | ἀγαπάω | G25 | V-RAI-1P (Perfect: "we have loved" — our love as completed action) |
| ἠγάπησεν | ἀγαπάω | G25 | V-AAI-3S (Aorist: "he loved" — God's love as decisive historical act) |
| ἀπέστειλεν | ἀποστέλλω | G649 | V-AAI-3S (Aorist: "he sent" — the sending as completed act) |
| ἱλασμὸν | ἱλασμός | G2434 | N-ASM (propitiation — accusative, purpose/result) |
| περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν | ἁμαρτία | G266 | N-GPF (concerning our sins) |
Key observations: - God's love is the CAUSE of propitiation, not propitiation the cause of love - The contrast: NOT that we loved (ἠγαπήκαμεν, perfect) BUT that he loved (ἠγάπησεν, aorist) — God's initiative - ἱλασμὸν is accusative — describing the purpose/role for which the Son was sent
Romans 5:9¶
Greek: πολλῷ οὖν μᾶλλον δικαιωθέντες νῦν ἐν τῷ αἵματι αὐτοῦ σωθησόμεθα δι' αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς.
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| δικαιωθέντες | δικαιόω | G1344 | V-APP-NPM (Aorist Passive Participle: "having been justified") |
| ἐν τῷ αἵματι | αἷμα | G129 | N-DSN (by/in his blood — instrumental dative) |
| σωθησόμεθα | σῴζω | G4982 | V-FPI-1P (Future Passive: "we SHALL BE saved") |
| ἀπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς | ὀργή | G3709 | N-GSF (from THE wrath — articular, definite) |
Key observations: - Explicit blood-wrath connection: justified BY blood → saved FROM wrath - τῆς ὀργῆς is articular (THE wrath) — specific, known, definite divine wrath - Future tense σωθησόμεθα: salvation from wrath is still future (eschatological) - The a fortiori argument: if blood already justified (past), how much MORE will it save from wrath (future)
Hebrews 9:5¶
Greek: ὑπεράνω δὲ αὐτῆς Χερουβεὶν δόξης κατασκιάζοντα τὸ ἱλαστήριον
| Word | Lemma | Strong's | Parsing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Χερουβεὶν | Χερούβ | G5502 | N-PRI (cherubim — indeclinable) |
| δόξης | δόξα | G1391 | N-GSF (of glory — genitive of quality) |
| κατασκιάζοντα | κατασκιάζω | G2683 | V-PAP-NPN (overshadowing — present active participle) |
| τὸ ἱλαστήριον | ἱλαστήριος | G2435 | N-ASN (the mercy seat — ARTICULAR, with article) |
Key observations: - ἱλαστήριον here is ARTICULAR (τὸ ἱλαστήριον) — referring to the specific object, the known mercy seat - Contrast with Rom 3:25 where ἱλαστήριον is ANARTHROUS — functional/qualitative - The author of Hebrews uses the same word for the physical mercy seat that Paul uses for Christ