Raw Hebrew Parsing Data

Jeremiah 31:18

Hebrew Text: שָׁמֹועַ שָׁמַעְתִּי אֶפְרַיִם מִתְנֹודֵד יִסַּרְתַּנִי וָאִוָּסֵר כְּעֵגֶל לֹא לֻמָּד הֲשִׁיבֵנִי וְאָשׁוּבָה כִּי אַתָּה יְהוָה אֱלֹהָי

Hebrew	Lemma	Parsing	Gloss
שָׁמֹועַ	שׁמע	Verb.Qal.InfAbs	hear (emphatic)
שָׁמַעְתִּי	שׁמע	Verb.Qal.Perf.1s	I have heard
אֶפְרַיִם	אפרים	PropN	Ephraim
מִתְנֹודֵד	נוד	Verb.Hithpael.Ptcp.ms	wavering/bemoaning himself
יִסַּרְתַּנִי	יסר	Verb.Piel.Perf.2ms+1s	thou hast chastised me
וָאִוָּסֵר	יסר	Verb.Niphal.Wayq.1s	and I was chastised
כְּעֵגֶל	עגל	Noun.ms.Abs	as a bull/calf
לֹא	לא	Neg	not
לֻמָּד	למד	Verb.Pual.Perf.3ms	trained/accustomed
הֲשִׁיבֵנִי	שׁוב	Verb.Hiphil.Impv.2ms+1s	Turn me! (causative)
וְאָשׁוּבָה	שׁוב	Verb.Qal.Impf.1s	and I shall return
כִּי	כי	Conj	for/because
אַתָּה	אתה	PersPron.2ms	thou
יְהוָה	יהוה	PropN	YHWH
אֱלֹהָי	אלהים	Noun.mp+1s	my God

Key observation: hashiveni (Hiphil imperative) = "cause me to return" — the causative stem makes God the agent of repentance. ve'ashuva (Qal imperfect) = "and I shall return" — the simple stem shows the human response. Pattern: divine causation → human turning.

Lamentations 5:21

Hebrew Text: הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ יְהוָה אֵלֶיךָ וְנָשׁוּבָה חַדֵּשׁ יָמֵינוּ כְּקֶדֶם

Hebrew	Lemma	Parsing	Gloss
הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ	שׁוב	Verb.Hiphil.Impv.2ms+1p	Turn us! (causative)
יְהוָה	יהוה	PropN	YHWH
אֵלֶיךָ	אל+2ms	Prep+suffix	unto thee
וְנָשׁוּבָה	שׁוב	Verb.Qal.Impf.1p	and we shall return
חַדֵּשׁ	חדשׁ	Verb.Piel.Impv.2ms	renew!
יָמֵינוּ	יום	Noun.mp+1p	our days
כְּקֶדֶם	קדם	Noun.ms	as of old/before

Key observation: Identical pattern to Jer 31:18 but in communal form. hashivenu (Hiphil imperative 2ms + 1st plural suffix) = "Cause us to return." venashuva (Qal imperfect 1p) = "and we shall return." The community prays for God to be the agent of their repentance. Repentance is not portrayed as self-generated but as divinely initiated and enabled.