Raw Hebrew Parsing Data
Isaiah 53:11 — Triple tsadaq-root convergence
מֵעֲמַ֤ל נַפְשֹׁו֙ יִרְאֶ֣ה יִשְׂבָּ֔ע בְּדַעְתֹּ֗ו יַצְדִּ֥יק צַדִּ֛יק עַבְדִּ֖י לָֽרַבִּ֑ים וַעֲוֹנֹתָ֖ם ה֥וּא יִסְבֹּֽל׃
Word Lemma Parsing Gloss
מֵ מן Prep from
עֲמַ֤ל עמל Noun.s.Cst labour
נַפְשֹׁו֙ נפשׁ Noun.fs.Abs.+3ms soul
יִרְאֶ֣ה ראה Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms see
יִשְׂבָּ֔ע שׂבע Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms be sated/satisfied
בְּדַעְתֹּ֗ו דעת Noun.fs.Abs.+3ms knowledge
יַצְדִּ֥יק צדק Verb.HIPHIL.Impf.3ms JUSTIFY (make righteous)
צַדִּ֛יק צדיק Adj.ms.Abs JUST/RIGHTEOUS
עַבְדִּ֖י עבד Noun.ms.Abs.+1us servant (my servant)
לָֽרַבִּ֑ים רב Adj.mp.Abs many
וַעֲוֹנֹתָ֖ם עון Noun.mp.Abs.+3mp iniquities (their)
ה֥וּא הוא PersPron.3ms he
יִסְבֹּֽל סבל Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms bear
CRITICAL: Three tsadaq-root words in one verse:
1. יַצְדִּיק (yatsdiq) — Hiphil imperfect 3ms of צדק — "shall JUSTIFY" (causative)
2. צַדִּיק (tsaddiq) — adjective — "RIGHTEOUS" (describes the servant)
3. (And the cognate tsedaqah/tsedeq in the broader context)
The Hiphil stem of tsadaq = "to make/declare righteous" = the Hebrew equivalent of Greek dikaioo
The RIGHTEOUS (tsaddiq) servant JUSTIFIES (yatsdiq, Hiphil) MANY — same root appears as both subject-quality and verb-action
This is the exact same structure Paul achieves in Rom 3:26: dikaion (just) kai dikaionta (justifying)
Habakkuk 2:4 — "The just shall live by faith"
הִנֵּ֣ה עֻפְּלָ֔ה לֹא־יָשְׁרָ֥ה נַפְשֹׁ֖ו בֹּ֑ו וְצַדִּ֖יק בֶּאֱמוּנָתֹ֥ו יִחְיֶֽה׃
Word Lemma Parsing Gloss
הִנֵּ֣ה הנה Interj behold
עֻפְּלָ֔ה עפל Verb.Pual.Perf.3fs be puffed up/heedless
לֹא לא Neg not
יָשְׁרָ֥ה ישׁר Verb.Qal.Perf.3fs be upright/right
נַפְשֹׁ֖ו נפשׁ Noun.fs.Abs.+3ms soul (his)
בֹּ֑ו ב Prep.+3ms in him
וְצַדִּ֖יק צדיק Adj.ms.Abs JUST/RIGHTEOUS
בֶּאֱמוּנָתֹ֥ו אמונה Noun.fs.Abs.+3ms FAITHFULNESS (his)
יִחְיֶֽה חיה Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms shall LIVE
KEY TERMS:
- tsaddiq (צַדִּיק) — "just/righteous" — same adjective as in Isa 53:11
- be-emunatav (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֹ֥ו) — "by his faith/faithfulness" — emunah (H530) + 3ms suffix
- yichyeh (יִחְיֶֽה) — "shall live" — Qal imperfect of chayah
NOTE: The Hebrew has "by HIS faithfulness" (3ms suffix) — the question is whether "his" refers to
the righteous person's faith or God's faithfulness. Paul quotes this in Rom 1:17 as the thesis
statement: "The just shall live by faith" — ho de dikaios ek pisteos zesetai.
Daniel 9:24 — Six-fold prophetic purpose including "everlasting righteousness"
שָׁבֻעִ֨ים שִׁבְעִ֜ים נֶחְתַּ֥ךְ עַֽל־עַמְּךָ֣ וְעַל־עִ֣יר קָדְשֶׁ֗ךָ לְכַלֵּ֨א הַפֶּ֜שַׁע וּלְהָתֵ֤ם חַטָּאת֙ וּלְכַפֵּ֣ר עָוֹ֔ן וּלְהָבִ֖יא צֶ֣דֶק עֹֽלָמִ֑ים...
Word Lemma Parsing Gloss
שָׁבֻעִ֨ים שׁבוע Noun.mp.Abs weeks
שִׁבְעִ֜ים שׁבע Noun.mp.Abs seventy
נֶחְתַּ֥ךְ חתך Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms are determined/decreed
עַמְּךָ֣ עם Noun.ms.Abs.+2ms thy people
עִ֣יר קָדְשֶׁ֗ךָ עיר/קדשׁ Noun.fs.Cst + Noun.ms thy holy city
Six purposes (infinitive constructs):
1. לְכַלֵּ֨א הַפֶּ֜שַׁע — to FINISH the transgression (kalah + pesha)
2. לְהָתֵ֤ם חַטָּאת֙ — to MAKE AN END of sins (tamam Hiphil + chattat)
3. לְכַפֵּ֣ר עָוֹ֔ן — to MAKE RECONCILIATION for iniquity (KAPHAR Piel + avon)
4. לְהָבִ֖יא צֶ֣דֶק עֹֽלָמִ֑ים — to BRING IN EVERLASTING RIGHTEOUSNESS (bo Hiphil + TSEDEQ olamim)
5. לַחְתֹּם֙ חָזֹ֣ון וְנָבִ֔יא — to SEAL UP vision and prophecy (chatam + chazon/nabi)
6. לִמְשֹׁ֖חַ קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִֽׁים — to ANOINT the Most Holy (mashach + qodesh qodashim)
CRITICAL FOR ROM 3:21-26:
- Purpose 3: le-KAPPER avon — KAPHAR (Piel inf. construct) — to atone for iniquity
This is the SAME root behind kapporeth (H3727) → hilasterion (G2435) in Rom 3:25
- Purpose 4: le-habi TSEDEQ olamim — to bring in EVERLASTING RIGHTEOUSNESS
This is the SAME root (tsedeq H6664) behind dikaiosyne (G1343) in Rom 3:21-22
- The six purposes move from sin-resolution (1-3) to righteousness-establishment (4-6)
The SAME progression appears in Rom 3:21-26: sin problem (vv.23,25) → righteousness manifested (vv.21-22,26)
Psalm 143:1-2 — No flesh justified + appeal to God's righteousness
Psalm 143:1
מִזְמֹ֗ור לְדָ֫וִ֥ד יְהוָ֤ה שְׁמַ֬ע תְּפִלָּתִ֗י הַאֲזִ֥ינָה אֶל־תַּחֲנוּנַ֑י בֶּאֱמֻנָתְךָ֥ עֲ֝נֵ֗נִי בְּצִדְקָתֶֽךָ׃
Word Lemma Parsing Gloss
יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PropN YHWH
שְׁמַ֬ע שׁמע Verb.Qal.Impv.2ms hear!
תְּפִלָּתִ֗י תפלה Noun.fs.Abs.+1us my prayer
הַאֲזִ֥ינָה אזן Verb.Hiphil.Impv.2ms give ear!
תַּחֲנוּנַ֑י תחנון Noun.mp.Abs.+1us my supplications
בֶּאֱמֻנָתְךָ֥ אמונה Noun.fs.Abs.+2ms in thy FAITHFULNESS (emunah)
עֲ֝נֵ֗נִי ענה Verb.Qal.Impv.2ms.+1us answer me!
בְּצִדְקָתֶֽךָ צדקה Noun.fs.Abs.+2ms in thy RIGHTEOUSNESS (tsedaqah)
KEY: David appeals to God's EMUNAH (faithfulness) and TSEDAQAH (righteousness) as the basis for being heard.
These are the SAME two qualities Paul invokes in Rom 3:21-26:
- God's faithfulness (pistis/emunah)
- God's righteousness (dikaiosyne/tsedaqah)
Psalm 143:2
וְאַל־תָּבֹ֣וא בְ֭מִשְׁפָּט אֶת־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־יִצְדַּ֖ק לְפָנֶ֣יךָ כָל־חָֽי׃
Word Lemma Parsing Gloss
וְאַל ו+אל Conj+Neg and do not
תָּבֹ֣וא בוא Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms enter/come
בְמִשְׁפָּט משׁפט Noun.ms.Abs into JUDGMENT (mishpat)
אֶת עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ עבד Noun.ms.Abs.+2ms with thy servant
כִּ֤י כי Conj for
לֹֽא לא Neg not
יִצְדַּ֖ק צדק Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms shall be JUSTIFIED (tsadaq)
לְפָנֶ֣יךָ פנה Noun.mp.Abs.+2ms before thee (in thy sight)
כָל חָֽי כל+חי Noun.ms.Cst + Adj.ms any living (no man living)
KEY: lo yitsddaq — "not be justified" — Qal impf. of tsadaq (H6663)
This is the verse Paul echoes in Rom 3:20: "no flesh be justified (dikaioo) in his sight"
The LXX translates yitsddaq as dikaiothēsetai — future passive of dikaioo
Paul's quotation is not exact but theologically precise:
Hebrew: "no living thing" (kol chay) → Paul: "no flesh" (pasa sarx)
Hebrew: "before thee" (le-fanekha) → Paul: "in his sight" (enōpion autou)