Skip to content

Topics Research

Question

What is the theological structure of Romans 3:21-26, how does Paul combine multiple atonement frameworks (hilasterion/chattat, dikaioo/forensic, apolytrosis/redemption) in a single passage, and what does "the righteousness of God" mean in this context?

Topics

JUSTIFICATION

Source: Nave's Topical Dictionary (naves_db.py --topic "JUSTIFICATION")

General scriptures concerning: GEN 15:6; PSA 32:2; 71:16; 89:16; ISA 42:21; 45:24,25; 46:12,13; 50:8; 51:5,6; 53:11; 54:17; 56:1; 61:10; JER 23:6; HAB 2:4; ZEC 3:4; JHN 5:24; ACT 13:39; ROM 1:16,17; 2:13; 3:21,22,24-26,28,30; 4:3-25; 5:1,9,11-21; 6:22; 7:1-25; 8:1,30,31,33,34; 9:30-32; 10:1-21; 1CO 1:30; 6:11; 2CO 5:19,21; GAL 2:14-21; 3:6,8,9,11,21,22,24; 4:21-31; 5:4-6; EPH 6:14; PHP 3:8,9; COL 2:13,14; TIT 3:7; HEB 11:4,7; JAS 2:20-23,26

Kindred subjects: ADOPTION, FORGIVENESS, REGENERATION, SANCTIFICATION, SIN (CONFESSION OF, FORGIVENESS OF)

PROPITIATION

Source: Nave's Topical Dictionary

(Expiation, sin-offering): ROM 3:25; 5:1,10,11; 2CO 5:18,19; COL 1:20-22; 1JN 2:2; 4:10 (R.V. margin reads "And over it the propitiatory."): HEB 9:5 See ATONEMENT

ATONEMENT

Source: Nave's Topical Dictionary

  • For tabernacle and furniture: LEV 16:15-20,33
  • In consummation of the Levites: NUM 8:21
  • For those defiled by the dead: NUM 6:11
  • Made for houses: LEV 14:53
  • By meat offerings: LEV 5:11-13
  • By jewels: NUM 31:50
  • By money: EXO 30:12-16; LEV 5:15,16; 2KI 12:16
  • By incense: NUM 16:46-50
  • Day of — Time of: EXO 30:10; LEV 23:27; 25:9; NUM 29:7. How observed: EXO 30:10; LEV 16:2-34; 23:27-32; NUM 29:7-11; ACT 27:9; HEB 5:3; 9:7,19,22
  • Made by animal sacrifices: EXO 29:36; 30:12-16; LEV 1:4; 4:20,22-35; 5:6-10; 6:7; 9:7; 10:17; 12:6-8; 14:12-32; 16:6,10,11,15-19,24-34; 17:11; 19:22; NUM 15:22-28; 28:22,30; 29:5,10,11; HEB 9:22
  • Made by Jesus:
  • Divinely ordained: LUK 2:30,31; GAL 4:4,5; EPH 1:3-12,17-22; 2:4-10; COL 1:19,20; 1PE 1:20; REV 13:8
  • A mystery: 1CO 2:7
  • Made but once: HEB 7:27; 9:24-28; 10:10,12,14; 1PE 3:18
  • Redemption by: MAT 20:28; ACT 20:28; GAL 3:13; 1TI 2:6; HEB 9:12; REV 5:9
  • Typified: GEN 4:4 with HEB 11:4; GEN 22:2 with HEB 11:17,19; EXO 12:5,11,14 with 1CO 5:7; EXO 24:8 with HEB 9:20; LEV 16:30,34 with HEB 9:7,12,28; LEV 17:11 with HEB 9:22
  • Unclassified scriptures: PSA 40:6,7; ISA 53:4-12; DAN 9:24-27; ZEC 13:1; MAT 26:28; LUK 22:20; 24:46,47; JHN 1:29,36; 6:51; 11:49-51; ACT 17:2,3; 20:28; ROM 3:24-26; 4:25; 5:1,2,6-11,15-21; 1CO 1:17,18,23,24; 15:3; 2CO 5:18,19; GAL 1:3,4; 4:4,5; EPH 1:7; 2:13-18; 5:2,25; COL 1:14,19-22; 1TH 5:9,10; 1TI 2:5,6; TIT 2:14; HEB 1:3; 2:9,17; 9:12-15,25,26; 10:1-20; 12:24; 13:12,20,21; 1PE 1:18-20; 2:24; 3:18; 1JN 1:7; 2:2; 3:5; 4:10; 5:6; REV 1:5; 5:9; 7:14; 12:11

REDEMPTION

Source: Nave's Topical Dictionary

  • Of persons or property: LEV 25:25-34; 27:2-13,14-33; RUT 4:3-10
  • Redemption money paid to priests: NUM 3:46-51
  • Of our souls: PSA 111:9; 130:7; MAT 20:28; MRK 10:45; LUK 2:38; ACT 20:28; ROM 3:24-26; 1CO 1:30; 6:20; 7:23; GAL 1:4; 2:20; 4:4,5; EPH 1:7; 5:2; COL 1:14,20-22; 1TI 2:6; TIT 2:14; HEB 9:12,15; 1PE 1:18,19; REV 5:9,10

RIGHTEOUSNESS

Source: Nave's Topical Dictionary

  • By faith: GEN 15:6; ROM 4:3,5,9,11,13,20,22,24
  • Garment of: JOB 29:14; MAT 22:11-14
  • Counted for the sake of obedience: DEU 6:25; JOB 33:26
  • Fruits of: DEU 6:25; JOS 22:31; PSA 1:3; 15:1-5; 24:3-5; 101:3,4; 106:3; 112:4-8; PRO 2:5-20; 10:2,16; 11:5,6,18,19,30; 12:28; 13:6; 14:34; 21:3; 29:7; ISA 28:17; 32:16-18; 33:15-17; 55:12,13; 58:6-14; 62:1; EZK 18:5-9; 33:15; DAN 12:3; HOS 10:12; MAL 3:3; 4:2; MAT 5:20; 12:35,50; MRK 3:33-35; LUK 3:10-14; 8:15; JHN 3:21,33; 8:47,49; 13:35; 14:21-24; 15:4,5,8,12; ACT 9:36; 11:29,30; 19:19; ROM 5:1-5; 6:19-22; 7:4-6; 8:4-6; 14:17-19; 15:1-7; (and many more)

GRACE OF GOD

Source: Nave's Topical Dictionary

General scriptures: GEN 15:6; 20:6; DEU 7:6-9; 9:4-6; JOB 10:12; 22:2,3; PSA 94:17-19; 138:3; 143:11; DAN 9:18; 10:18,19; JHN 6:44,45; 17:11,12,15; ACT 4:29,30; 26:22; ROM 3:22-24; 4:4,5,16; 5:2,6-8,15-21; 9:10-16; 11:5,6; 1CO 1:4-8; 10:13; 15:10; 2CO 1:12; GAL 1:15,16; EPH 1:5-9,11,12; 2:8,9; 3:16; 4:7; 6:10; PHP 1:19; 2:13; 1TH 1:1; 5:28; 1TI 1:14; 2TI 1:1,9; TIT 3:7; 1PE 1:5; 4:10; 5:10; 2PE 1:2; JUDE 1:21,24,25; REV 3:10

Growth in: PSA 84:7; PRO 4:18; PHP 1:6,9-11; 3:12-15; COL 1:10,11; 2:19; 1TH 3:10,12,13; 2TH 1:3; HEB 6:1-3; 1PE 2:1-3; 2PE 3:18

MERCY-SEAT

Source: Nave's Topical Dictionary

  • Description: EXO 25:17-22
  • Placed on the ark of the testimony: EXO 26:34; 30:6; 31:7; 40:20; HEB 9:5
  • Materials, freewill offering: EXO 35:4-12
  • Made by Bezaleel: EXO 37:1,6-9
  • Sprinkled with blood: LEV 16:14,15
  • The shekinah upon: EXO 25:22; 30:6,36; LEV 16:2; NUM 7:89; 17:4; 1SA 4:4; 2SA 6:2; 2KI 19:15; 1CH 13:6; PSA 80:1; 99:1; ISA 37:16; HEB 4:16
  • In Solomon's temple: 1CH 28:11

MYSTERIES OF REDEMPTION

Source: Nave's search ("salvation plan")

DEU 29:29; JOB 15:8; PSA 25:14; PRO 3:32; AMO 3:7; MAT 11:25; 13:11,35; MRK 4:11; LUK 8:10; JHN 3:8-12; ROM 16:25,26; 1CO 2:7-10; 2CO 3:12-18; EPH 1:9,10; 3:3-5,9,18,19; 6:19; COL 1:25-27; 2:2; 4:3,4; 2TH 2:7; 1TI 3:9,16; HEB 5:11; 1PE 1:10-12; REV 10:7