Hebrew Parsing — Raw Data¶
Isaiah 53:10¶
Hebrew: וַיהוָ֞ה חָפֵ֤ץ דַּכְּאֹו֙ הֶֽחֱלִ֔י אִם־תָּשִׂ֤ים אָשָׁם֙ נַפְשֹׁ֔ו
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וַיהוָה | יהוה | PropN.ms | and YHWH |
| חָפֵץ | חפץ | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | desired/pleased |
| דַּכְּאֹו | דכא | Verb.Piel.InfCon.+3ms | to crush him |
| הֶחֱלִי | חלה | Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms | he caused to be sick/put to grief |
| אִם | אם | Conj | if |
| תָּשִׂים | שׂים | Verb.Qal.Impf.3fs | she/it shall make/place |
| אָשָׁם | אשׁם | Noun.ms.Abs | guilt offering |
| נַפְשֹׁו | נפשׁ | Noun.fs.+3ms | his soul |
| יִרְאֶה | ראה | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | he shall see |
| זֶרַע | זרע | Noun.ms | seed/offspring |
Key observation: אָשָׁם (asham) is parsed as a masculine singular absolute noun — "guilt offering" (not the verb "to be guilty"). The construct "tasim asham naphsho" = "when thou shalt make his soul an asham." The Servant's soul/life IS the asham — the guilt/trespass offering. This is the most precise sacrificial identification in the Servant Songs.
Isaiah 53:11¶
Hebrew: בְּדַעְתֹּ֗ו יַצְדִּ֥יק צַדִּ֛יק עַבְדִּ֖י לָֽרַבִּ֑ים וַעֲוֹנֹתָ֖ם ה֥וּא יִסְבֹּֽל
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| בְּדַעְתֹּו | דעת | Noun.fs.+3ms | by his knowledge |
| יַצְדִּיק | צדק | Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms | shall justify/declare righteous |
| צַדִּיק | צדיק | Adj.ms.Abs | righteous |
| עַבְדִּי | עבד | Noun.ms.+1us | my servant |
| לָרַבִּים | רב | Adj.mp | for the many |
| וַעֲוֹנֹתָם | עון | Noun.mp.+3mp | and their iniquities |
| הוּא | הוא | PersPron.3ms | he |
| יִסְבֹּל | סבל | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | shall bear |
Key observations: 1. יַצְדִּיק (yatsdiq) = Hiphil imperfect 3ms of tsadaq — "shall declare righteous / shall justify." This is the CAUSATIVE stem — the Servant CAUSES righteousness to be attributed to the many. This is the identical stem that Paul's dikaioo translates. 2. צַדִּיק (tsaddiq) immediately precedes yatsdiq — "my righteous servant shall justify many." The tsaddiq-yatsdiq pairing mirrors Rom 3:26's dikaion-dikaiunta — the righteous one who justifies. 3. סבל (sabal) = "bear/carry" — distinct from nasa (H5375) used in v.12. Two different bearing verbs: sabal (v.11, burden-bearing) and nasa (v.12, lifting/carrying away). 4. The dual action: The Servant justifies (yatsdiq, Hiphil) AND bears iniquities (yisbol, Qal). Justification and sin-bearing are simultaneous acts of the same person.
Isaiah 53:12¶
Hebrew: הֶעֱרָ֤ה לַמָּוֶת נַפְשֹׁו... חֵטְא רַבִּים נָשָׂא וְלַפֹּשְׁעִים יַפְגִּיעַ
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| הֶעֱרָה | ערה | Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms | poured out |
| לַמָּוֶת | מות | Noun.ms | unto death |
| נַפְשֹׁו | נפשׁ | Noun.fs.+3ms | his soul |
| פֹּשְׁעִים | פשׁע | Verb.Qal.Ptcp.mp | transgressors |
| נִמְנָה | מנה | Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms | was numbered/counted |
| חֵטְא | חטא | Noun.ms.Cst | sin of |
| רַבִּים | רב | Adj.mp | many |
| נָשָׂא | נשׂא | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | bore/carried |
| יַפְגִּיעַ | פגע | Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms | shall intercede/make intercession |
Key observations: 1. נָשָׂא (nasa) = Qal perfect 3ms of nasa — "he bore." This is the priestly sin-bearing verb. The priest nasa (bears/carries) the sin of the people (cf. Lev 10:17; Num 18:1). 2. יַפְגִּיעַ (yaphgia) = Hiphil imperfect 3ms of paga — "he shall intercede / make intercession." The Hiphil of paga means to cause to meet, to interpose, to intercede. This is the priestly mediation/intercession function. 3. Framework mapping for 53:12: (a) poured out soul unto death = sacrifice/death, (b) numbered with transgressors = curse-like identification, (c) nasa chet rabbim = priestly sin-bearing, (d) yaphgia = priestly intercession.
Isaiah 50:8¶
Hebrew: קָרֹוב מַצְדִּיקִי מִי יָרִיב אִתִּי... מִי בַעַל מִשְׁפָּטִי יִגַּשׁ אֵלָי
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| קָרֹוב | קרוב | Adj.ms | near |
| מַצְדִּיקִי | צדק | Verb.Hiphil.Ptcp.ms.+1us | the one justifying me |
| מִי | מי | IntPron | who |
| יָרִיב | ריב | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | shall contend |
| אִתִּי | את | Prep.+1us | with me |
| נַעַמְדָה | עמד | Verb.Qal.Impf.1p | let us stand together |
| מִי | מי | IntPron | who |
| בַעַל | בעל | Noun.ms.Cst | master/owner of |
| מִשְׁפָּטִי | משׁפט | Noun.ms.+1us | my judgment/legal case |
| יִגַּשׁ | נגשׁ | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | let him approach |
Key observations: 1. מַצְדִּיקִי (matsdiqiy) = Hiphil participle of tsadaq + 1st person suffix — "the one who justifies me / my justifier." Same Hiphil stem as Isa 53:11. This is FORENSIC language — a courtroom scene. 2. מִשְׁפָּטִי (mishpati) = "my legal case / my judgment." The context is explicitly juridical: contending (riyb), standing together in court, the master of the legal case. 3. Structural parallel to Rom 8:33: "Who shall lay anything to the charge? It is God that justifieth" directly echoes "Who shall contend with me? He who justifies me is near." Both are courtroom challenges followed by identification of the divine justifier. 4. Both Isa 50:8 and Isa 53:11 use the Hiphil of tsadaq — the same stem. The Servant who IS justified (50:8, as the speaker) IS ALSO the one who justifies others (53:11, as the agent).