Raw Hebrew Parsing Output¶
Deuteronomy 21:22¶
Hebrew: וְכִֽי־יִהְיֶ֣ה בְאִ֗ישׁ חֵ֛טְא מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֖וֶת וְהוּמָ֑ת וְתָלִ֥יתָ אֹתֹ֖ו עַל־עֵֽץ׃
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וְכִֽי | כי | Conj | and if |
| יִהְיֶ֣ה | היה | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | there be |
| בְאִ֗ישׁ | אישׁ | Prep+Noun.ms.Abs | in a man |
| חֵ֛טְא | חטא | Noun.ms.Cst | sin/offense of |
| מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֖וֶת | משׁפט + מות | Noun.ms.Cst + Noun.ms.Abs | judgment of death |
| וְהוּמָ֑ת | מות | Verb.Hophal.Perf.3ms | and he be put to death |
| וְתָלִ֥יתָ | תלה (H8518) | Verb.Qal.Perf.2ms | and you hang |
| אֹתֹ֖ו | את | Prep+3ms | him |
| עַל־עֵֽץ | עץ (H6086) | Prep+Noun.ms.Abs | upon a tree |
Key observations: - וְהוּמָ֑ת (wehumat): Hophal perfect of מות — "and he be put to death" — passive, the execution is PRIOR to the hanging - וְתָלִ֥יתָ (wetalita): Qal perfect of תלה — "and you hang" — the hanging follows the execution, indicating POST-MORTEM display - Sequence: sin worthy of death → he is put to death → THEN you hang him on a tree - This confirms the original Deuteronomic context: hanging is DISPLAY of an already-executed criminal, not death by hanging
Deuteronomy 21:23¶
Hebrew: לֹא־תָלִ֨ין נִבְלָתֹ֜ו עַל־הָעֵ֗ץ כִּֽי־קָבֹ֤ור תִּקְבְּרֶ֨נּוּ֙ בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֔וּא כִּֽי־קִלְלַ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים תָּל֑וּי וְלֹ֤א תְטַמֵּא֙ אֶת־אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| לֹא | לא | Neg | not |
| תָלִ֨ין | לין | Verb.Qal.Impf.3fs | shall remain/lodge |
| נִבְלָתֹ֜ו | נבלה | Noun.fs.Abs+3ms | his corpse |
| עַל־הָעֵ֗ץ | עץ (H6086) | Prep+Art+Noun.ms.Abs | upon the tree |
| כִּֽי | כי | Conj | for/because |
| קָבֹ֤ור | קבר | Verb.Qal.InfAbs | surely (emphatic infinitive absolute) |
| תִּקְבְּרֶ֨נּוּ֙ | קבר | Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms+3ms | you shall bury him |
| בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֔וּא | יום | Prep+Art+Noun.ms.Abs | on that day |
| כִּֽי | כי | Conj | for/because |
| קִלְלַ֥ת | קללה (H7045) | Noun.fs.Cst | a curse of |
| אֱלֹהִ֖ים | אלהים | Noun.mp.Abs | God |
| תָּל֑וּי | תלה (H8518) | Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms.Abs | one who is hung/hanging |
| וְלֹ֤א תְטַמֵּא֙ | טמא | Verb.Piel.Impf.2ms | and you shall not defile |
| אֶת־אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔ | אדמה | Noun.fs.Abs+2ms | your land |
Key observations: - נִבְלָתֹ֜ו (niblatô): "his corpse" — confirms the body is already dead (not dying by hanging) - קָבֹ֤ור תִּקְבְּרֶ֨נּוּ֙: emphatic construction (inf. abs. + imperfect) — "you shall surely bury him" - קִלְלַ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים (qilelat elohim): construct chain — "a curse of God" — the genitive is ambiguous: (a) subjective genitive = "a curse FROM God" or (b) objective genitive = "a curse/offense TO God" - תָּל֑וּי (taluy): Qal passive participle — "one who is hung/hanging" — the cursed state - Land defilement rationale: the corpse on the tree defiles the land YHWH gave as inheritance
Joshua 10:26¶
Hebrew: וַיַּכֵּ֨ם יְהֹושֻׁ֤עַ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵן֙ וַיְמִיתֵ֔ם וַיִּתְלֵ֕ם עַ֖ל חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה עֵצִ֑ים וַיִּֽהְי֛וּ תְּלוּיִ֥ם עַל־הָעֵצִ֖ים עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וַיַּכֵּ֨ם | נכה | Verb.Hiphil.Wayq.3ms+3mp | and he struck them |
| יְהֹושֻׁ֤עַ | יהושׁע | PropN | Joshua |
| אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵן֙ | אחר | after that | |
| וַיְמִיתֵ֔ם | מות | Verb.Hiphil.Wayq.3ms+3mp | and he put them to death |
| וַיִּתְלֵ֕ם | תלה (H8518) | Verb.Qal.Wayq.3ms+3mp | and he hung them |
| עַ֖ל חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה עֵצִ֑ים | עץ (H6086) | Prep+Noun.mp.Abs | upon five trees |
| תְּלוּיִ֥ם | תלה (H8518) | Verb.Qal.Ptcp.mp.Abs | hanging |
| עַל־הָעֵצִ֖ים | עץ | Prep+Art+Noun.mp.Abs | upon the trees |
| עַד־הָעָֽרֶב | ערב | Prep+Art+Noun.ms.Abs | until the evening |
Key observations: - Same execution-then-hanging pattern as Deut 21:22: struck (nakah) → put to death (hemit) → THEN hung (talah) on trees - Same vocabulary: talah (H8518) + ets (H6086) — identical to Deuteronomy - "until the evening" (ad ha-erev) — compliance with Deut 21:23 same-day burial - Josh 10:27 adds: taken down at sundown, cast into the cave, great stones over mouth — compare Gospel burial accounts
Numbers 25:4¶
Hebrew: וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה קַ֚ח אֶת־כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֣י הָעָ֔ם וְהֹוקַ֥ע אֹותָ֛ם לַיהוָ֖ה נֶ֣גֶד הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| וְהֹוקַ֥ע | יקע (H3363) | Verb.Hiphil.Impv.2ms | and expose/impale them |
| אֹותָ֛ם | את | Prep+3mp | them |
| לַיהוָ֖ה | יהוה | Prep+PropN | to/before YHWH |
| נֶ֣גֶד | נגד | Noun.ms.Cst | before/opposite |
| הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ | שׁמשׁ | Noun.s.Abs | the sun |
Key observations: - הֹוקַ֥ע (hoqa'): verb is יקע (yaqa', H3363), NOT תלה (talah, H8518) — this is a DIFFERENT verb meaning to dislocate/dismember and impale/expose - "before YHWH against the sun" — public exposure, facing the sun (daytime display) - This is NOT the same procedure as Deut 21:22-23 hanging. Different verb, different procedure. Num 25:4 uses yaqa' (impale/expose); Deut 21:22 uses talah (hang).