Raw Hebrew Parsing Data¶

Deuteronomy 27:15 — First Arur Declaration¶

אָר֣וּר הָאִ֡ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַעֲשֶׂה֩ פֶ֨סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֜ה ...

אָר֗וּר    ארר    Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms.Abs    curse
הָאִ֡ישׁ    אישׁ   Noun.ms.Abs             man
אֲשֶׁ֣ר    אשׁר   Conj                    <relative>
יַעֲשֶׂה֩   עשׂה   Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms       make
פֶ֨סֶל     פסל    Noun.ms.Abs             idol
וּמַסֵּכָ֜ה  מסכה   Noun.fs.Abs             molten image

Parsing note: arur = Qal passive participle masculine singular absolute of arar (H779). Functions as a state-declaration ("cursed [is/be]"), not a finite verb.

Deuteronomy 27:26 — Comprehensive Closing Curse¶

אָר֗וּר אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־יָקִ֛ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַתֹּורָֽה־הַזֹּ֖את לַעֲשֹׂ֣ות אֹותָ֑ם

אָר֗וּר    ארר    Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms.Abs    curse
לֹא       לא     Neg                     not
יָקִ֛ים    קום    Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms    arise/establish/confirm
דִּבְרֵ֥י   דבר    Noun.mp.Cst             words
הַתֹּורָֽה  תורה   Noun.fs.Abs             instruction/law
הַזֹּ֖את    זאת    DemPron.fs              this
לַעֲשֹׂ֣ות  עשׂה   Verb.Qal.InfCon         to do/make
אֹותָ֑ם    את     Prep.+3mp               them

Key: "Cursed [is he] who does not establish/confirm (lo yaqim, Hiphil of qum) the words of this torah to do them." The verb yaqim = "cause to stand, uphold, confirm" — more than mere theoretical assent; it demands active establishment/maintenance of the law.

Deuteronomy 28:1 — Blessing Conditional¶

וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־שָׁמֹ֤ועַ תִּשְׁמַע֙ בְּקֹול֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ

וְהָיָ֗ה    היה    Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms        and-it-shall-be
אִם        אם     Conj                     if
שָׁמֹ֤ועַ   שׁמע   Verb.Qal.InfAbs          hear [intensifier]
תִּשְׁמַע֙  שׁמע   Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms        thou-shalt-hear
בְּקֹול֙    קול    Noun.ms.Cst              voice
יְהוָ֣ה    יהוה   PropN                    YHWH

Key construction: shamoa tishma = infinitive absolute + cognate finite verb = emphatic "if thou shalt diligently hearken." This is the paronomastic intensifier pattern (see grammar reference: infinitive-absolute-intensification.md). The protasis is conditional (im + yiqtol).

Deuteronomy 28:15 — Curse Conditional¶

וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־לֹ֤א תִשְׁמַע֙ בְּקֹול֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ

אִם        אם     Conj                     if
לֹ֤א       לא     Neg                      not
תִשְׁמַע֙  שׁמע   Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms        thou-shalt-hear

Note: The curse conditional (28:15) uses simple negated imperfect (lo tishma) without the infinitive absolute intensifier present in the blessing conditional (28:1, shamoa tishma). The blessing trigger is emphatic ("if thou shalt diligently hearken"); the curse trigger is simpler ("if thou wilt not hearken"). Also, 28:15 adds "and his statutes" (vechuqqotav) alongside "commandments" — broadening the scope.

Deuteronomy 30:1 — "When All These Things Come Upon Thee"¶

וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֙ אֶל־לְבָבֶ֔ךָ

וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֙  שׁוב   Verb.Hiphil.Perf.2ms     cause-to-return / call to mind
אֶל         אל     Prep                     to
לְבָבֶ֔ךָ    לבב    Noun.ms.Abs.+2ms         thy heart

Note: vahashevota = Hiphil perfect 2ms of shub — "thou shalt call [them] to mind" (literally: "cause to return to thy heart"). This is the starting point of the restoration sequence. Israel is the 2ms agent, recalling the covenant terms in exile.

Deuteronomy 30:2 — "And Shalt Return"¶

וְשַׁבְתָּ֞ עַד־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֣ בְקֹלֹ֔ו

וְשַׁבְתָּ֞   שׁוב   Verb.Qal.Perf.2ms        return (weqatal)
וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֣  שׁמע   Verb.Qal.Perf.2ms        hear/obey (weqatal)

Note: Both verbs are weqatal 2ms forms — continuing the 2ms chain from v.1. They describe Israel's action: returning to YHWH and obeying his voice. These are the human conditions for the divine response that follows in vv.3-6.

Deuteronomy 30:3 — "The LORD Will Turn Thy Captivity"¶

וְשָׁ֨ב יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ אֶת־שְׁבוּתְךָ֖ וְרִחֲמֶ֑ךָ וְשָׁ֗ב וְקִבֶּצְךָ֙

וְשָׁ֨ב      שׁוב   Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms        gather/return (weqatal)
יְהוָ֧ה     יהוה   PropN                    YHWH [SUBJECT]
שְׁבוּתְךָ֖  שׁבות  Noun.fs.Abs.+2ms         thy captivity
וְרִחֲמֶ֑ךָ  רחם    Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms.+2ms  have compassion on thee
וְשָׁ֗ב      שׁוב   Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms        return (weqatal)
וְקִבֶּצְךָ֙  קבץ    Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms.+2ms  gather thee

CRITICAL SHIFT: The subject changes from 2ms (Israel, vv.1-2) to 3ms (YHWH, vv.3-6). From here, all verbs describe divine action: YHWH turns the captivity, has compassion, returns, gathers. These are predictive weqatal forms — promises of what God will do when Israel turns.

Deuteronomy 30:6 — Heart Circumcision (God as Agent)¶

וּמָ֨ל יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ אֶת־לְבָבְךָ֖ וְאֶת־לְבַ֣ב זַרְעֶ֑ךָ

וּמָ֨ל      מול    Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms        circumcise (weqatal)
יְהוָ֧ה    יהוה   PropN                    YHWH [SUBJECT]
לְבָבְךָ֖   לבב    Noun.ms.Abs.+2ms         thy heart
לְבַ֣ב     לבב    Noun.ms.Cst              heart of
זַרְעֶ֑ךָ   זרע    Noun.ms.Abs.+2ms         thy seed
לְאַהֲבָ֞ה  אהב    Verb.Qal.InfCon          to love

CENTRAL FINDING: umal YHWH elohekha et-levavekha = "And the LORD your God will circumcise your heart." Subject = YHWH. Object = levavekha (thy heart) + levav zar'ekha (the heart of thy seed). Purpose clause: le'ahavah et-YHWH (to love the LORD). This is the divine solution to the heart problem diagnosed in Deut 5:29 ("O that there were such a heart in them"). Israel was commanded to circumcise their own hearts (10:16) but could not — God promises to do it himself.

Deuteronomy 30:8 — "And Thou Shalt Return and Obey"¶

וְאַתָּ֣ה תָשׁ֔וּב וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֖ בְּקֹ֣ול יְהוָ֑ה וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֹתָ֔יו

וְאַתָּ֣ה   אתה    PersPron.2ms             and-thou
תָשׁ֔וּב    שׁוב   Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms        shalt return
וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֖ שׁמע   Verb.Qal.Perf.2ms        and-shalt-hear (weqatal)
וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ֙  עשׂה   Verb.Qal.Perf.2ms        and-shalt-do (weqatal)

On Henry's claim: tashub is Qal Imperfect 2ms (not weqatal — no waw on the imperfect). It is preceded by the emphatic personal pronoun ve'attah ("and thou"). Following tashub are two weqatal forms (veshamata, ve'asita). In context, this verse follows divine promises (vv.3-7) and could be read as either: (a) imperatival — a command resuming from the 2ms chain of vv.1-2; or (b) consequential/predictive — describing the result of God's heart-circumcision (v.6). Henry's reading ("rather a promise than a precept") is grammatically possible because the imperfect can carry either imperatival or predictive force, and the verse's position after the divine promises of vv.3-7 supports a consequential reading.

Deuteronomy 21:23 — The Hanging Curse¶

קִלְלַ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים תָּל֑וּי

קִלְלַ֥ת   קללה   Noun.fs.Cst              curse of
אֱלֹהִ֖ים  אלהים  Noun.mp.Abs              God
תָּל֑וּי   תלה    Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms.Abs     [one] hanging

Construct chain: qilelat elohim = "a curse of God" (H7045 construct + H430). The genitive "of God" is ambiguous: it could mean (a) a curse pronounced by God, (b) a curse that defiles in relation to God, or (c) an accursed [thing/person] of God. The KJV renders "accursed of God." Paul reads it as a divine pronouncement that applies to anyone hanged on a tree.

Deuteronomy 10:16 — Heart Circumcision (Human Agent)¶

וּמַלְתֶּ֕ם אֵ֖ת עָרְלַ֣ת לְבַבְכֶ֑ם וְעָ֨רְפְּכֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַקְשׁ֖וּ עֹֽוד

וּמַלְתֶּ֕ם  מול    Verb.Qal.Perf.2mp        circumcise (weqatal — imperatival)
עָרְלַ֣ת   ערלה   Noun.fs.Cst              foreskin of
לְבַבְכֶ֑ם  לבב    Noun.ms.Abs.+2mp         your heart
וְעָ֨רְפְּכֶ֔ם ערף   Noun.ms.Abs.+2mp         your neck
לֹ֥א       לא     Neg                      not
תַקְשׁ֖וּ   קשׁה   Verb.Hiphil.Impf.2mp     make hard

Note: umalthem = weqatal 2mp — imperatival force in legal context. Israel is commanded to circumcise the foreskin of their heart AND to stop being stiffnecked. The 2mp plural addresses the covenant community. Compare with 30:6 where God does the circumcision — same verb (mul), different subject.