Raw Greek Parsing Output¶

Galatians 3:13¶

Greek Text: Χριστὸς ἡμᾶς ἐξηγόρασεν ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου γενόμενος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν κατάρα, ὅτι γέγραπται Ἐπικατάρατος πᾶς ὁ κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου,

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
Χριστὸς	Χριστός	G5547	N-NSM Nom Sg M
ἡμᾶς	ἐγώ	G1473	P-1AP Acc Pl
ἐξηγόρασεν	ἐξαγοράζω	G1805	V-AAI-3S Aor Act Ind
ἐκ	ἐκ	G1537	PREP
τῆς κατάρας	κατάρα	G2671	N-GSF Gen Sg F
τοῦ νόμου	νόμος	G3551	N-GSM Gen Sg M
γενόμενος	γίνομαι	G1096	V-2ADP-NSM Aor Mid Ptcp Nom Sg M
ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	G5228	PREP
ἡμῶν	ἐγώ	G1473	P-1GP Gen Pl
κατάρα	κατάρα	G2671	N-NSF Nom Sg F
ὅτι	ὅτι	G3754	CONJ
γέγραπται	γράφω	G1125	V-RPI-3S Perf Pass Ind
Ἐπικατάρατος	ἐπικατάρατος	G1944	A-NSM Nom Sg M
πᾶς	πᾶς	G3956	A-NSM Nom Sg M
ὁ κρεμάμενος	κρεμάννυμι	G2910	V-PMP-NSM Pres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg M
ἐπὶ	ἐπί	G1909	PREP
ξύλου	ξύλον	G3586	N-GSN Gen Sg N

Key observations: - γενόμενος (genomenos): aorist middle participle, "having become" — Christ became a curse - κατάρα (nom sg f): anarthrous predicate nominative — qualitative force ("a curse") - κρεμάμενος: present middle participle — "the one hanging" (habitual/gnomic) - ξύλου: genitive singular — "on a tree" (epi + genitive = location/surface)

Acts 5:30¶

Greek Text: ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἤγειρεν Ἰησοῦν, ὃν ὑμεῖς διεχειρίσασθε κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου·

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ὁ Θεὸς	θεός	G2316	N-NSM Nom Sg M
τῶν πατέρων	πατήρ	G3962	N-GPM Gen Pl M
ἡμῶν	ἐγώ	G1473	P-1GP Gen Pl
ἤγειρεν	ἐγείρω	G1453	V-AAI-3S Aor Act Ind
Ἰησοῦν	Ἰησοῦς	G2424	N-ASM Acc Sg M
ὃν	ὅς	G3739	R-ASM Acc Sg M
ὑμεῖς	σύ	G4771	P-2NP Nom Pl — "YOU (emphatic)"
διεχειρίσασθε	διαχειρίζω	G1315	V-AMI-2P Aor Mid Ind — "you killed/dispatched"
κρεμάσαντες	κρεμάννυμι	G2910	V-AAP-NPM Aor Act Ptcp Nom Pl M — "having hanged"
ἐπὶ ξύλου	ξύλον	G3586	N-GSN Gen Sg N — "on a tree"

Key observations: - ὑμεῖς (hymeis): emphatic second person plural — "YOU" — direct accusation - διεχειρίσασθε: aorist middle, "you dispatched/killed with your own hands" (G1315, only 2x in NT: Acts 5:30 and 26:21) - κρεμάσαντες: aorist ACTIVE participle — "having hanged" — the accusers are the agents of the hanging - Construction: relative clause (hon hymeis diecheirisasthe) + participial apposition (kremasantes epi xylou) = accusatory formula

Acts 10:39¶

Greek Text: καὶ ἡμεῖς μάρτυρες πάντων ὧν ἐποίησεν ἔν τε τῇ χώρᾳ τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ Ἱερουσαλήμ· ὃν καὶ ἀνεῖλαν κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ἡμεῖς	ἐγώ	G1473	P-1NP Nom Pl — "we (are witnesses)"
ὃν	ὅς	G3739	R-ASM Acc Sg M
καὶ	καί	G2532	CONJ — "also/even"
ἀνεῖλαν	ἀναιρέω	G337	V-2AAI-3P Aor Act Ind Pl 3rd — "THEY killed"
κρεμάσαντες	κρεμάννυμι	G2910	V-AAP-NPM Aor Act Ptcp Nom Pl M — "having hanged"
ἐπὶ ξύλου	ξύλον	G3586	N-GSN Gen Sg N

Key observations: - ἀνεῖλαν: THIRD person plural — "they killed" (not "you killed" as in Acts 5:30) - Same kremasantes epi xylou formula as Acts 5:30, but with different killing verb (anaireo G337 vs. diacheirizomai G1315) and different person (3rd vs. 2nd) - Henry's observation confirmed: Peter shifts from "whom YOU killed" (5:30, Jewish audience) to "whom THEY killed" (10:39, Gentile audience)

Acts 13:29¶

Greek Text: ὡς δὲ ἐτέλεσαν πάντα τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ γεγραμμένα, καθελόντες ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου ἔθηκαν εἰς μνημεῖον.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ἐτέλεσαν	τελέω	G5055	V-AAI-3P Aor Act Ind — "they fulfilled"
γεγραμμένα	γράφω	G1125	V-RPP-APN Perf Pass Ptcp — "having been written"
καθελόντες	καθαιρέω	G2507	V-2AAP-NPM Aor Act Ptcp — "having taken down"
ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου	ξύλον	G3586	N-GSN Gen Sg N — "from the tree"
ἔθηκαν	τίθημι	G5087	V-AAI-3P Aor Act Ind — "they placed"
εἰς μνημεῖον	μνημεῖον	G3419	N-ASN Acc Sg N — "in a tomb"

Key observations: - Paul's version uses DIFFERENT vocabulary from Peter's: no kremannymi; instead kathaireō ("take down") + apo ("from") the xylon - Uses xylon (the tree) not stauros (the cross) - Focus is on REMOVAL from the tree and burial — connects to Deut 21:23 sundown requirement - "All things that were written" (panta ta peri autou gegrammena) explicitly frames the events as Scripture fulfillment

1 Peter 2:24¶

Greek Text: ὃς τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον, ἵνα ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ἀπογενόμενοι τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ ζήσωμεν· οὗ τῷ μώλωπι ἰάθητε.

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ὃς	ὅς	G3739	R-NSM Nom Sg M
τὰς ἁμαρτίας	ἁμαρτία	G266	N-APF Acc Pl F — "the sins" (direct object)
ἡμῶν	ἐγώ	G1473	P-1GP Gen Pl — "of us"
αὐτὸς	αὐτός	G846	P-NSM Nom Sg M — "he himself" (emphatic)
ἀνήνεγκεν	ἀναφέρω	G399	V-AAI-3S Aor Act Ind — "bore up / offered up"
ἐν τῷ σώματι	σῶμα	G4983	N-DSN Dat Sg N — "in the body"
αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	G846	P-GSM Gen Sg M — "of him"
ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον	ξύλον	G3586	N-ASN Acc Sg N — "onto the tree"
ἵνα	ἵνα	G2443	CONJ — purpose clause
ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις	ἁμαρτία	G266	N-DPF Dat Pl F — "to sins" (dative of reference)
ἀπογενόμενοι	ἀπογίνομαι	G581	V-2ADP-NPM Aor Mid Ptcp — "having died to"
τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ	δικαιοσύνη	G1343	N-DSF Dat Sg F — "to/for righteousness"
ζήσωμεν	ζάω	G2198	V-AAS-1P Aor Act Subj — "we might live"
οὗ τῷ μώλωπι	μώλωψ	G3468	N-DSM Dat Sg M — "by whose stripe/wound"
ἰάθητε	ἰάομαι	G2390	V-API-2P Aor Pass Ind — "you were healed"

Key observations: - ἀνήνεγκεν (anenēnken): G399 anaphero — priestly offering verb ("bore upward"), same word used for offering sacrifices (Heb 7:27, 1 Pet 2:5) - ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον: epi + ACCUSATIVE (motion toward/onto) — different from Acts/Galatians which use epi + GENITIVE (location/surface). Peter uses the accusative to express directional bearing of sins ONTO the tree. - αὐτὸς: intensive pronoun — "he HIMSELF" — emphasizes personal, voluntary action - ἀπογενόμενοι: G581, only here in NT (hapax) — "having ceased to exist with respect to" sins - μώλωπι: singular "stripe/wound" — direct allusion to Isaiah 53:5 LXX - Three frameworks converge: priestly bearing (anaphero), Deuteronomic curse (epi to xylon), Isaianic suffering servant (mōlōps)

John 19:31¶

Greek Text: Οἱ οὖν Ἰουδαῖοι, ἐπεὶ Παρασκευὴ ἦν, ἵνα μὴ μείνῃ ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ τὰ σώματα ἐν τῷ σαββάτῳ...

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
μείνῃ	μένω	G3306	V-AAS-3S — "might remain"
ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ	σταυρός	G4716	N-GSM Gen Sg M — "on the CROSS"
σαββάτῳ	σάββατον	G4521	N-DSN Dat Sg N — "on the sabbath"

Key observation: - John uses σταυροῦ (stauros), NOT ξύλον (xylon). The word choice here is purely narrative — no Deuteronomic curse invocation. John frames the removal request as Sabbath/festival purity (Paraskeue = "Preparation"), not as Deut 21:23 compliance. - The request is that bodies not "remain" (μείνῃ) on the cross — echoing Deut 21:23 "his body shall not remain all night upon the tree" — but John does not cite or quote Deuteronomy.

Colossians 2:14¶

Greek Text: ἐξαλείψας τὸ καθ' ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον τοῖς δόγμασιν ὃ ἦν ὑπεναντίον ἡμῖν, καὶ αὐτὸ ἦρκεν ἐκ τοῦ μέσου, προσηλώσας αὐτὸ τῷ σταυρῷ·

Word	Lemma	Strong's	Parsing
ἐξαλείψας	ἐξαλείφω	G1813	V-AAP-NSM Aor Act Ptcp — "having blotted out"
χειρόγραφον	χειρόγραφον	G5498	N-ASN Acc Sg N — "handwriting/certificate of debt"
δόγμασιν	δόγμα	G1378	N-DPN Dat Pl N — "in/by ordinances"
ἦρκεν	αἴρω	G142	V-RAI-3S Perf Act Ind — "has taken"
προσηλώσας	προσηλόω	G4338	V-AAP-NSM Aor Act Ptcp — "having nailed"
τῷ σταυρῷ	σταυρός	G4716	N-DSM Dat Sg M — "to the cross"

Key observation: - Paul uses σταυρῷ (stauros) here, not xylon. Col 2:14 is about nailing the cheirographon (debt certificate) to the cross — a legal-metaphorical use. This is NOT a Deut 21:23 passage. The complementary distribution holds: xylon = curse invocation, stauros = cross-as-event/instrument.