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From Word Studies Library

nasa — H5375

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5375-nasa.md)

  • Word: נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ) — primitive root verb
  • Occurrences: 607 unique verses (759 tokens) across 37 books
  • Core meaning: to lift, carry, bear (great variety of applications)
  • Key semantic categories for this study:
  • Category 3 — Bearing consequences/burdens (moral/legal): nasa avon = "bear iniquity" means to suffer consequence or bear legal liability. The sinner bears his own guilt; alternatively, a substitute or God bears it away.
  • Category 4 — Forgiveness/pardoning sin: When God is subject, nasa + avon/pesha/chet = "lift off" guilt = forgive, pardon, absolve. Same verb for bearing and removing sin.
  • Four modes in Exo 28: nasa shemotam (v. 12, shoulders); nasa shemot (v. 29, heart); nasa mishpat (v. 30, heart); nasa avon (v. 38, forehead). All Qal perfect 3ms.
  • LXX mapping: Primary = αἴρω (G142, 164x co-occurrence, PMI 24.47) — "lift up, take away"
  • Collocation with avon (H5771): 37x — the nasa-avon formula is the core priestly bearing construction.

avon — H5771

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5771-avon.md)

  • Word: עָוֺן (ʻâvôn) — masculine noun
  • Occurrences: 213 unique verses (234 tokens) in 26 books
  • Three senses: (1) Iniquity — the wrongful act; (2) Guilt — culpable state; (3) Punishment/consequence
  • Category 4 — Bearing/carrying iniquity (priestly/vicarious): nasa avon appears 37x — used of priests bearing communal guilt, scapegoat ritual, and the Suffering Servant.
  • In Exo 28:38: "avon ha-qodashim" — iniquity OF the holy things. The construct chain indicates the iniquity belongs to/is associated with the holy things themselves, not general sin.
  • LXX mapping: ἀδικία (G93, 78x, PMI 24.64) and ἀνομία (G458, 70x, PMI 22.69)

qodesh — H6944

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6944-qodesh.md)

  • Word: קֹדֶשׁ (qōḏeš) — masculine noun
  • Occurrences: 468 unique verses
  • Inscription phrase: qodesh la-YHWH — "holiness to/for YHWH." The la- (ל) preposition + proper noun construction indicates dedication/belonging. The gold plate declares that the HP belongs wholly to YHWH.
  • "Holy things" (ha-qodashim, Exo 28:38): The plural refers to the sacred offerings/gifts Israel consecrates to God. These offerings carry "iniquity" (avon) — imperfection in the worshiper's presentation that the HP must bear away.

qadash — H6942

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6942-qadash.md)

  • Verb form: to be holy, to consecrate, to sanctify
  • In Exo 28:38: yaqddishu (Hiphil imperfect 3mp) — "which they shall consecrate/hallow" — the Israelites are the ones consecrating their gifts.
  • In Exo 29:21: the garments are hallowed together with the priest — they share his sanctified status.

nezer — H5145

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H5145-nezer.md)

  • Word: נֶזֶר (nezer) — masculine noun
  • Occurrences: 22 unique verses (26 tokens)
  • Root: nazar (H5144) — to hold aloof, separate, consecrate
  • Three semantic domains: (1) Nazirite consecration (10v, all Num 6); (2) Priestly crown/diadem — the golden plate on HP's turban (Exo 29:6; 39:30; Lev 8:9; 21:12); (3) Royal crown (2 Sam 1:10; 2 Ki 11:12; Psa 89:39; 132:18)
  • Key insight: The gold plate is called both tsiyts (H6731, "blossom/plate") and nezer ha-qodesh ("holy crown/consecration") — it is both a physical plate and a symbol of consecration status.
  • Priestly-royal merger: nezer bridges priestly and royal identity — the HP wears a crown of consecration; kings wear a crown of authority. In Christ, both offices merge (Zec 6:13; Heb 7).

kaphar — H3722

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3722-kaphar.md)

  • Word: כָּפַר (kāp̄ar) — verb, "to cover, make atonement"
  • In Lev 10:17: lekapper alehem lipney YHWH — "to make atonement for them before the LORD." Two purpose infinitives: laset avon (to bear iniquity) + lekapper (to make atonement). The eating/bearing IS the atoning.

chattaah — H2403

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H2403-chattaah.md)

  • Word: חַטָּאת / חַטָּאָה — sin / sin offering (both senses from same word)
  • In Lev 10:16-17: The goat of the chattaah (sin offering) was to be eaten by the priests to "bear the iniquity of the congregation." When priests eat the sin offering, their person becomes the transfer medium for sin into the sanctuary.

tamid — H8548

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H8548-tamid.md)

  • Word: תָּמִיד (tāmîḏ) — masculine noun used adverbially, "continually, perpetually"
  • Occurrences: 104 in OT
  • In Exo 28:29: lipney YHWH tamid — "before the LORD continually" (bearing names on heart)
  • In Exo 28:30: lipney YHWH tamid — "before the LORD continually" (bearing judgment)
  • In Exo 28:38: al mitscho tamid — "always upon his forehead" (bearing iniquity)
  • The tamid web: The gold plate's continual function connects to the perpetual lamp (Exo 27:20), perpetual incense (Exo 30:8), perpetual showbread (Exo 25:30), and perpetual burnt offering (Exo 29:42). All tamid functions form a unified web of uninterrupted divine service.
  • NT fulfillment: Heb 7:25 "he ever liveth to make intercession" — Christ's intercession is the antitype of the tamid.

anaphero — G399

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G399-anaphero.md)

  • Word: ἀναφέρω — verb, "bear up, carry up, offer up"
  • Root: ana (up) + phero (to bear/carry)
  • Occurrences: 9 unique verses (12 tokens) across 6 NT books
  • Key theological uses:
  • Heb 7:27: anaphero in present infinitive (ἀναφέρειν) for the daily priestly offering, then aorist participle (ἀνενέγκας) for Christ's once-for-all self-offering.
  • Heb 9:28: anegenken (aorist active infinitive) — "to bear the sins of many." Directly echoes nasa chet rabbim of Isa 53:12.
  • 1 Pet 2:24: anegenken (aorist active indicative 3s) — "bare our sins in his own body on the tree."
  • Directional significance: The ana- prefix means "upward" — Christ bore sins upward (Godward), not outward (wilderness-ward like the scapegoat). This aligns with the priestly register of sin-bearing.

archiereus — G749

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G749-archiereus.md)

  • Word: ἀρχιερεύς — "high priest, chief priest"
  • In Heb 7:26: The five qualifications — hosios (holy/devout), akakos (innocent/harmless), amiantos (undefiled), kechorismenos apo ton hamartolon (separated from sinners), hypselos ton ouranon genomenos (made higher than the heavens).

hiereus — G2409

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2409-hiereus.md)

  • Word: ἱερεύς — "priest" (general)

mesites — G3316

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3316-mesites.md)

  • Word: μεσίτης — "mediator, go-between"
  • Relevance: The HP's garment-mediated bearing function is a form of mesiteia — standing between God and people.

entynchano — G1793

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1793-entynchano.md)

  • Word: ἐντυγχάνω — "intercede, make petition/appeal"
  • Heb 7:25: "seeing he ever liveth to make intercession [entynchanein] for them" — the perpetual intercession that fulfills the tamid function of the gold plate.
  • Rom 8:34: Christ at the right hand of God "who also maketh intercession [entynchanei] for us."

hosiotes — G3742

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3742-hosiotes.md)

  • Related to hosios (G3741) — in Heb 7:26, the first qualification of the HP.

hagios — G40

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G40-hagios.md)

  • Word: ἅγιος — "holy, sacred, set apart"
  • Primary Greek holiness adjective — the NT equivalent of qodesh/qadosh.

teleioo — G5048

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5048-teleioo.md)

  • Word: τελειόω — "to make perfect, bring to completion, consecrate"
  • In Heb 7:28: teteleiomenon (perfect passive participle) — "the Son, who is consecrated/perfected for evermore." The LXX rendered millu (H4394, priestly consecration) as teleiosis (G5050) — the same root. Christ's "perfecting" IS His priestly consecration.

WG-holiness

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-holiness.md)

  • Members: H6944 qodesh, H6942 qadash, H6918 qadosh, H4720 miqdash
  • Cross-testament trace: qodesh → hagios (via TR-qodesh-hagios.md)

WG-atonement

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-atonement.md)

WG-sin

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-sin.md)

WG-priests

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-priests.md)

WG-cleansing

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/WG-cleansing.md)

TR-nasa-airo

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-nasa-airo.md) - nasa → αἴρω: 164x LXX co-occurrence, primary bridge.

TR-qodesh-hagios

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-qodesh-hagios.md)

TR-avon-adikia

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/TR-avon-adikia.md)

From Newly Generated Library Entries

ratsah — H7521

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H7521-ratsah.md) — newly generated

  • Word: רָצָה (râtsâh) — primitive root verb
  • Occurrences: 54 unique verses (68 tokens) across 20 books
  • Core meaning: to be pleased with; to accept; to satisfy a debt
  • In Exo 28:38: The noun form ratson (H7522) appears — "leratson lahem lipney YHWH" = "for acceptance for them before the LORD." The gold plate accomplishes ACCEPTANCE — it makes imperfect offerings receivable by God.
  • Stem distribution: Qal dominates (82%) — active divine pleasure/acceptance. Niphal (13%) — passive, especially for sacrificial acceptability in Leviticus.
  • Sacrificial acceptance category: Lev 1:4 ("accepted for him to make atonement"); Lev 7:18 ("not accepted" if eaten on third day); Lev 22:25-27 (acceptability criteria).
  • Prophetic rejection pattern: Jer 14:10-12; Hos 8:13; Amos 5:22 — God withholding ratsah from offerings because of sin. This confirms that acceptance is not automatic — it requires the HP's bearing function.
  • LXX mapping: εὐδοκέω (G2106, 21x, PMI 25.20) — "think well of, approve, be well pleased." This maps directly to Matt 3:17 "in whom I am well pleased."
  • TR connection: See TR-ratsah-eudokeo.md — the acceptance concept carries intact from OT through LXX into NT.
  • WG connection: See WG-acceptance.md — acceptance word group including ratsah, ratson, chaphets, and the offering terms.

beged — H899

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H899-beged.md) — newly generated

  • Word: בֶּגֶד (beged) — masculine noun
  • Occurrences: 190 unique verses (234 tokens) across 25 books
  • Core meaning: garment, clothing, covering
  • Root etymology: From bagad (H898) "to cover" → figuratively "to act covertly/treacherously." The etymological link between garment (covering) and treachery (concealing) is semantically significant.
  • Leviticus dominates: 45 occurrences (5.2/100v) — nearly all in purity regulations.
  • In Zech 3:3-4: begadim tso'im — "filthy garments." The removal of filthy garments = removal of iniquity (v. 4). The garments embody the HP's defilement.
  • Priestly usage: Exo 28:2 "holy garments for glory and beauty"; Exo 29:21 garments sprinkled with blood and oil; Lev 16:4,23 linen garments for DOA.
  • LXX mapping: ἱμάτιον (G2440, 130x, PMI 31.54) — primary equivalent; στολή (G4749, 34x) for ceremonial contexts.

mitsnepheth — H4701

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H4701-mitsnepheth.md) — newly generated

  • Word: מִצְנֶפֶת (mitsnepheth) — feminine noun
  • Occurrences: 9 unique verses (13 tokens) in 3 books (Exodus, Leviticus, Ezekiel)
  • Root: tsanaph (H6801) — to wrap, wind around
  • EXCLUSIVELY the high priest's turban. Never used for ordinary priests (who wear migba'ah, H4021).
  • Platform for the gold plate: Exo 28:37 "upon the forefront of the mitre it shall be"; Exo 29:6 "put the holy crown upon the mitre"; Lev 8:9 "upon the mitre... did he put the golden plate, the holy crown."
  • Material: fine linen (shesh, Exo 28:39; 39:28).
  • Prophetic judgment: Eze 21:26 "Remove the diadem [mitsnepheth]" — stripping the HP turban signals end of Judean priestly order.
  • CONTRAST with tsaniyph (H6797): Same root (tsanaph), but mitsnepheth is exclusively the HP's official turban, while tsaniyph is a general wrapped turban for anyone (Job 29:14; Isa 3:23; Zech 3:5). The vocabulary distinction in Zech 3:5 is significant.

tsow — H6674

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6674-tsow.md) — newly generated

  • Word: צוֹא (tsow) — adjective/masculine noun
  • Occurrences: 2 tokens in 2 verses (Zech 3:3 and 3:4 only)
  • Near-hapax: Appears only in the Joshua investiture vision.
  • Root: Unused root meaning "to issue" (excrete)
  • Definition: Soiled as if excrementitious — not generic dirtiness or ritual impurity but filth associated with bodily waste. Visceral, physically repulsive defilement.
  • NOT the Levitical purity vocabulary: Standard ritual impurity uses tame (H2930/2931) and tum'ah (H2932). Zechariah's choice of tsow over tame intensifies the image beyond standard ritual-impurity language.
  • Theological equation: Removal of tsow garments = removal of avon (iniquity) in Zech 3:4. The garments externalize the HP's iniquity.

millu — H4394

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H4394-millu.md) — newly generated

  • Word: מִלֻּא (milluʼ) — masculine noun
  • Occurrences: 15 unique verses (16 tokens)
  • Root: male' (H4390) — to fill; Piel = "fill the hand" = consecrate
  • Two senses: (1) Priestly consecration sacrifice — "ram of consecration" (73%); (2) Gem setting — stones set into a mount (27%)
  • Consecration process: Seven-day ceremony. Ram of consecration (ayil hammillu'im) with blood applied to ear/thumb/toe, wave offering, sacrificial meal.
  • LXX mapping: τελείωσις (G5050, 11x, PMI 10.21) — "completion, perfecting." This root (τελειόω) is used in Hebrews for Christ's perfecting of believers (Heb 7:11; 9:9; 10:1,14) and for His own perfecting/consecration (Heb 7:28 teteleiomenon). The LXX translators interpreted priestly ordination as a "perfecting" process.

bad — H906

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H906-bad.md) — newly generated

  • Word: בַּד (bad) — masculine noun
  • Occurrences: 19 unique verses (23 tokens) across 7 books
  • Root: Perhaps from H909 (divided fibres) — flaxen thread or yarn
  • Core meaning: Linen (specifically priestly/liturgical white linen)
  • Three usage domains: (1) Priestly garments for regular ministry (Exo 28:42; Lev 6:10); (2) Day of Atonement garments — when the HP sets aside glory garments and enters Most Holy Place in plain bad (Lev 16:4,23,32); (3) Angelic/heavenly figures — "the man clothed in linen" (Eze 9:2; 10:2; Dan 10:5; 12:6-7).
  • Distinction from shesh (H8336): shesh = fine bleached linen of glory garments and tabernacle; bad = the white linen specifically of priestly service garments. The DOA garment change (glory → bad → glory) is theologically significant.
  • LXX mapping: στολή (G4749, 7x) for the garment itself; ἐνδύω (G1746, 14x) for the wearing action. In Rev 1:13 the risen Christ is described with poderes (G4158), the same word LXX uses for bad garments in Ezekiel.
  • WG connection: See WG-linen.md for the full linen word group.

labash — H3847

Source: Word Studies Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3847-labash.md) — newly generated

  • Word: לָבַשׁ (labash) — primitive root verb
  • Occurrences: 102 unique verses (126 tokens) across 25 books
  • Core meaning: to wrap around, put on, clothe (self or another)
  • Qal (61) vs Hiphil (30) distinction: Qal = reflexive ("put on oneself"); Hiphil = causative ("clothe someone else"). The Hiphil regularly has God or an authority figure as subject.
  • Divine clothing (Hiphil): Gen 3:21 (God clothes Adam/Eve — first occurrence); Isa 61:10 ("He hath clothed me with the garments of salvation"); Zech 3:4 ("I will clothe thee with change of raiment"); Zech 3:5 (they clothed him with garments — Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp+3ms).
  • Spirit-clothing idiom: Judg 6:34 (Spirit "clothed" Gideon); 1 Chr 12:18; 2 Chr 24:20.
  • Figurative clothing: Psa 93:1 (LORD clothed with majesty); Psa 132:9 ("Let thy priests be clothed with righteousness"); Psa 132:16 ("I will clothe her priests with salvation").
  • LXX mapping: ἐνδύω (G1746, 80x, PMI 33.72) — dominant bridge. NT usage: Gal 3:27 "put on Christ"; Eph 6:11 "put on the whole armour of God"; Col 3:10,12 "put on the new man."

Fresh Lookups (No Library Entry)

tsaniyph — H6797

Source: Fresh lookup (search_strongs.py --lexicon H6797)

  • Word: צָנִיף (tsânîyph) — masculine noun
  • Occurrences: 6 (BLB count); 8 total tokens across 5 verses
  • Root: Same as mitsnepheth — tsanaph (H6801) — to wrap, wind around
  • Definition: A head-dress (piece of cloth wrapped around) — diadem, hood, mitre
  • All occurrences: Job 29:14; Isa 3:23; Isa 62:3; Zech 3:5 (2x)
  • KJV translations: mitre (2x in Zech 3:5), diadem (1x), hoods (1x)
  • Comparison with mitsnepheth (H4701):
  • Same root (tsanaph = to wrap/wind)
  • mitsnepheth = EXCLUSIVELY the HP's official turban (9 verses, all priestly/Pentateuchal + Eze 21:26)
  • tsaniyph = GENERAL wrapped turban for anyone: Job wears righteousness like a tsaniyph (Job 29:14); women's hoods (Isa 3:23); Israel as a royal diadem (Isa 62:3); Joshua's mitre in Zech 3:5
  • In Zech 3:5: The use of tsaniyph rather than mitsnepheth is vocabulary distinct from the Pentateuchal priestly turban. However, the function is priestly (placed on the HP Joshua's head), and the adjective tahor (pure/clean) echoes the gold plate's inscription context.
  • Verdict on EGW connection (Zech 3 mitre = Exo 28:36): The vocabulary is distinct but the functional parallel is clear — both are head-coverings for the HP in the divine presence. The choice of tsaniyph may reflect that Zechariah is describing a prophetic vision, not the technical Pentateuchal legislation.

machalatsot — H4254

Source: Fresh lookup (search_strongs.py --lexicon H4254)

  • Word: מַחֲלָצָה (machălâtsâh) — feminine noun
  • Occurrences: 2 (Isa 3:22; Zech 3:4)
  • Root: From H2502 chalats — to draw off, withdraw (easily drawn off/changed)
  • Definition: A mantle (as easily drawn off) — changeable suit of apparel, change of raiment
  • In Zech 3:4: "I will clothe thee with machalatsot" — festive, easily changed robes. These are NOT the technical priestly garments (bigdey qodesh) but festive robes replacing the excrement-soiled ones.
  • In Isa 3:22: Part of a list of women's luxury clothing items removed in judgment — "changeable suits of apparel."
  • Comparison with Isa 61:10: Isa 61:10 uses different vocabulary — bigdey yesha ("garments of salvation") and me'il tsedaqah ("robe of righteousness"). The garment-exchange concept is similar but the specific vocabulary differs.

metsach — H4696

Source: Fresh lookup (search_strongs.py --lexicon H4696)

  • Word: מֵצַח (mētsach) — masculine noun
  • Occurrences: 13 (BLB count), 14 total tokens
  • Root: Unused root meaning "to be clear, conspicuous"
  • Definition: The forehead (as open and prominent) — brow, forehead, impudent
  • Key occurrences:
  • Exo 28:38 (3x) — "upon Aaron's forehead... upon his forehead... upon his forehead" — the gold plate location
  • 1 Sam 17:49 — David's stone sank into Goliath's forehead
  • 2 Chr 26:19-20 — Leprosy rose upon King Uzziah's forehead (when he usurped priestly function!)
  • Isa 48:4 — "thy brow [was] brass" (stubbornness)
  • Jer 3:3 — "thou hadst a whore's forehead" (brazenness)
  • Ezk 3:7-9 — Israel's forehead is hard; God makes Ezekiel's forehead harder
  • Ezk 9:4 — mark (tav) set upon FOREHEADS of the faithful
  • Forehead as locus of character/identity: The forehead reveals what is inside — stubbornness (Isa 48:4), shamelessness (Jer 3:3), or holiness (Exo 28:38). Placing "HOLINESS TO THE LORD" on the HP's forehead declares his fundamental identity.
  • Uzziah connection (2 Chr 26:19-20): When King Uzziah usurped the priestly incense function, leprosy rose on his metsach — the same location where the gold plate should be. The forehead reveals what the person is before God: consecrated (gold plate) or condemned (leprosy).
  • NT continuation: μέτωπον (metopon, G3359) — forehead. Rev 7:3 "sealed in their foreheads"; Rev 14:1 "Father's name in their foreheads"; Rev 22:4 "his name in their foreheads." Also the mark of the beast on the forehead (Rev 13:16; 14:9; 20:4).

Grammar Reference Data

Construct State — qodesh la-YHWH

Source: Grammar Reference Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/grammar-reference/hebrew/construct-state.md)

The inscription "qodesh la-YHWH" (Exo 28:36) is NOT a standard construct chain but a prepositional phrase: qodesh (noun, ms, Abs) + la- (preposition "to/for") + YHWH (proper noun). The la- preposition indicates dedication or belonging — "Holiness belonging to / dedicated to YHWH." This is distinct from a construct chain (which would be qodesh-YHWH without the preposition) and carries a dedicatory rather than possessive nuance.

Hiphil Stem — he'evarti (Zech 3:4)

Source: Grammar Reference Library (D:/bible/bible-studies/grammar-reference/hebrew/stem-hiphil.md)

In Zech 3:4, he'evarti (הֶעֱבַרְתִּי) is Hiphil perfect 1s of avar (H5674, "to pass over/through"). The Hiphil causative means "I have CAUSED [your iniquity] to pass from you." The divine subject (God) is the causer; the iniquity is the object caused to move. God does not merely forgive — He actively causes the removal of iniquity. This is the causative-factitive function of the Hiphil (the primary function), where the subject causes the object to perform the Qal action ("pass" → "cause to pass away").

Hebrew/Greek Parsing Summary

Exodus 28:36

  • tsiyts (ציץ) — Noun.ms.Cst "blossom/plate" (construct with zahab "gold")
  • pittachta (פתחת) — Verb.Piel.Perf.2ms of patach "engrave" (Piel intensive = engrave carefully)
  • pittuchey chotam — "engravings of a signet" (construct chain)
  • qodesh la-YHWH — "holiness to/for YHWH" (prepositional dedication phrase)

Exodus 28:38

  • al metsach Aharon — "upon the forehead of Aaron"
  • nasa Aharon et avon ha-qodashim — "Aaron shall bear the iniquity of the holy things" (nasa = Qal.Perf.3ms; avon = Noun.ms.Cst; ha-qodashim = Art + Noun.mp.Abs)
  • asher yaqdishu beney Yisrael — "which the children of Israel shall consecrate" (yaqdishu = Hiphil.Impf.3mp of qadash)
  • lekhol mattenot qodshehem — "for all the gifts of their holy things" (construct chain)
  • tamid — Noun.ms.Abs "continuity/continually"
  • leratson lahem lipney YHWH — "for acceptance for them before the LORD" (ratson = H7522, noun)

Exodus 28:43

  • lo yis'u avon vametu — "that they bear not iniquity and die" (yis'u = Qal.Impf.3mp of nasa; avon = Noun.ms.Abs; vametu = Qal.Perf.3p of mut "die")
  • chuqqat olam — "statute of eternity" = "perpetual statute"

Leviticus 10:17

  • laset et avon ha-edah — "to bear the iniquity of the congregation" (laset = Qal.InfCon of nasa; avon = Noun.ms.Cst; ha-edah = Art + Noun.fs.Abs "gathering/congregation")
  • lekapper alehem lipney YHWH — "to make atonement for them before the LORD" (lekapper = Piel.InfCon of kaphar)

Numbers 18:1

  • tis'u et avon ha-miqdash — "ye shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary" (tis'u = Qal.Impf.2mp of nasa; avon Noun.ms.Cst; ha-miqdash = Art + Noun.ms.Abs "sanctuary")
  • tis'u et avon kehunnatekhem — "ye shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood" (kehunnah = Noun.fs.Abs+2mp "priesthood")

Zechariah 3:4

  • hasiru — Hiphil.Impv.2mp of sur "take away/remove" (causative imperative)
  • ha-begadim ha-tso'im — "the filthy garments" (tso'im = Adj.mp.Abs of tsow H6674)
  • he'evarti me'alekha avonekha — "I have caused your iniquity to pass from you" (Hiphil.Perf.1s of avar)
  • vehalbbesh otkha machalatsot — "and I will clothe you with festive robes" (Hiphil.InfAbs of labash; machalatsot = Noun.fp.Abs)

Zechariah 3:5

  • tsaniyph tahor — "clean turban" (tsaniyph = Noun.ms.Abs, NOT mitsnepheth)
  • vayyalbishuhu begadim — "and they clothed him with garments" (Hiphil.Wayq.3mp+3ms of labash)

Zechariah 14:20

  • qodesh la-YHWH — same phrase as Exo 28:36, now applied to horse bells
  • ha-sirot — "the pots" (Noun.fp.Abs) — common cooking vessels become like altar bowls

Isaiah 53:12

  • nasa — Qal.Perf.3ms "he bore"
  • chet rabbim — "sin of many" (Noun.ms.Cst + Adj.mp.Abs)
  • yaphgia — Hiphil.Impf.3ms of paga (H6293) "he will intercede" — the Hiphil of paga means "cause to meet/encounter" = intercede. NASA + YAPHGIA in the same verse = the pairing of sin-bearing with intercession that defines the priestly framework.

Hebrews 7:26

  • hosios (G3741) — Nom.Sg.M "holy, devout, pious" (ritual/moral purity)
  • akakos (G172) — Nom.Sg.M "innocent, harmless, without evil"
  • amiantos (G283) — Nom.Sg.M "undefiled, unstained" (from a-miaino "without staining")
  • kechorismenos (G5563) — Perf.Pass.Ptcp.Nom.Sg.M of chorizo "separate" — "having been separated from sinners"
  • hypselos (G5308) — comparative "higher than" — genitive ton ouranon "the heavens"

Hebrews 7:27

  • anaphero (G399) — appears twice: (1) ἀναφέρειν (Pres.Act.Inf) "to offer up" — describing the daily priestly duty; (2) ἀνενέγκας (Aor.Act.Ptcp.Nom.Sg.M) "having offered up" — describing Christ's once-for-all act
  • ephapax (G2178) — "once for all"
  • heauton — "himself" — Christ is both priest and offering

Hebrews 7:28

  • teteleiomenon (G5048) — Perf.Pass.Ptcp.Acc.Sg.M of teleioo "having been perfected/consecrated" — describes the Son. The perfecting is completed and permanent (perfect tense). This word links to millu (H4394) via the LXX teleiosis (G5050) bridge.

Hebrews 9:28

  • prosenentheis (G4374) — Aor.Pass.Ptcp.Nom.Sg.M of prosphero "having been offered" — passive: Christ was offered (by whom? — divine passive implies God)
  • anenenkein (G399) — Aor.Act.Inf of anaphero "to bear up" — active: Christ actively bore the sins upward
  • hamartias — Acc.Pl.F "sins"
  • pollon — Gen.Pl.M "of many" — echoes Isa 53:12 rabbim

1 Peter 2:24

  • anenengken (G399) — Aor.Act.Ind.3S of anaphero "he bore up" — active indicative: a definitive historical act
  • en to somati autou — "in his own body" — the priest's PERSON as the bearing medium (parallel to priestly eating in Lev 10:17)
  • epi to xylon — "upon the tree" — the cross as the altar