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Question

How does Peter layer multiple atonement frameworks in 1 Peter 2:21-25 (priestly bearing + curse language + Isaiah 53 allusion) and 3:18 ("that he might bring us to God"), and what does Peter's convergence reveal about the cross's purpose?

Topics

ATONEMENT

  • For tabernacle and furniture: LEV 16:15-20,33
  • In consummation of the Levites: NUM 8:21
  • For those defiled by the dead: NUM 6:11
  • Made for houses: LEV 14:53
  • By meat offerings: LEV 5:11-13
  • By jewels: NUM 31:50
  • By money: EXO 30:12-16; LEV 5:15,16; 2KI 12:16
  • By incense: NUM 16:46-50
  • Day of: Time: EXO 30:10; LEV 23:27; 25:9; NUM 29:7. How observed: EXO 30:10; LEV 16:2-34; 23:27-32; NUM 29:7-11; ACT 27:9; HEB 5:3; 9:7,19,22
  • Made by animal sacrifices: EXO 29:36; 30:12-16; LEV 1:4; 4:20,22-35; 5:6-10; 6:7; 9:7; 10:17; 12:6-8; 14:12-32; 16:6,10,11,15-19,24-34; 17:11; 19:22; NUM 15:22-28; 28:22,30; 29:5,10,11; HEB 9:22
  • Made by Jesus:
  • Divinely ordained: LUK 2:30,31; GAL 4:4,5; EPH 1:3-12,17-22; 2:4-10; COL 1:19,20; 1PE 1:20; REV 13:8
  • A mystery: 1CO 2:7
  • With context: 1PE 1:8-12
  • Made but once: HEB 7:27; 9:24-28; 10:10,12,14; 1PE 3:18
  • Redemption by: MAT 20:28; ACT 20:28; GAL 3:13; 1TI 2:6; HEB 9:12; REV 5:9
  • Typified: GEN 4:4 with HEB 11:4; GEN 22:2 with HEB 11:17,19; EXO 12:5,11,14 with 1CO 5:7; EXO 24:8 with HEB 9:20; LEV 16:30,34 with HEB 9:7,12,28; LEV 17:11 with HEB 9:22
  • Unclassified scriptures: PSA 40:6,7; ISA 53:4-12; DAN 9:24-27; ZEC 13:1; MAT 26:28; LUK 22:20; 24:46,47; JHN 1:29,36; 6:51; 11:49-51; ACT 17:2,3; 20:28; ROM 3:24-26; 4:25; 5:1,2,6-11,15-21; 1CO 1:17,18,23,24; 15:3; 2CO 5:18,19; GAL 1:3,4; 4:4,5; EPH 1:7; 2:13-18; 5:2,25; COL 1:14,19-22; 1TH 5:9,10; 1TI 2:5,6; TIT 2:14; HEB 1:3; 2:9,17; 9:12-15,25,26; 10:1-20; 12:24; 13:12,20,21; 1PE 1:18-20; 2:24; 3:18; 1JN 1:7; 2:2; 3:5; 4:10; 5:6; REV 1:5; 5:9; 7:14; 12:11

RECONCILIATION

  • Between man and man: MAT 5:23-26
  • Between Esau and Jacob: GEN 33:4,11
  • Between Pilate and Herod Antipas: LUK 23:12
  • Between God and Man: LEV 8:15; EZK 45:15; DAN 9:24; ROM 5:1,10; 11:15; 2CO 5:18-21; EPH 2:15-18; COL 1:20-22; HEB 2:17

SHEPHERD

  • One who cares for flocks of sheep: GEN 31:38-40; PSA 78:52,53; JER 31:10; AMO 3:12; LUK 2:8
  • David defends his flock against a lion and a bear: 1SA 17:34,35
  • Causes the flock to rest: PSA 23:2; So 1:7; JER 33:12
  • Counts the flock: LEV 27:32; JER 33:13
  • Knows each one by name: JHN 10:3-5
  • Keeps sheep and goats apart: MAT 25:32
  • Waters the flocks: GEN 29:2-10
  • Keeps flocks in folds: NUM 32:16; 1SA 24:3; 2SA 7:8; JHN 10:1
  • Figurative: GEN 49:24
  • Of God's care: PSA 23; 78:52; 80:1
  • Of prophets, priests, Levites, civil authorities: EZK 34
  • Of Christ: ZEC 13:7; MAT 26:31; JHN 10:1-16; HEB 13:20; 1PE 2:25
  • A name given to Jesus: ISA 40:11; MRK 14:27; JHN 10:11; 1PE 2:25; 5:4

HANGING

  • Capital punishment by: GEN 40:19-22; JOS 8:29; 2SA 4:12; EST 7:10
  • The curse of death by: DEU 21:22,23; GAL 3:13

CRUCIFIXION

  • The reproach of: GAL 3:13; 5:11
  • Of Jesus (see JESUS, HISTORY OF)
  • Of two criminals: MAT 27:38
  • Of disciples, foretold: MAT 23:34
  • Figurative: ROM 6:6; GAL 2:20; 5:24; 6:14

LAMB OF GOD

  • A name of Jesus: JHN 1:29; REV 6:16; 7:9,10,14,17; 12:11; 13:8; 14:1,4; 15:3; 17:14; 19:17; 21:9,14,22,23,27; 22:1,3

PRIEST (excerpted — sin-bearing and atonement duties)

  • Duties of: To offer sacrifices: LEV 1:4-17; 2:2,16; 3:5,11,13,16; 4:5-12,17,25,26,30-35; 1CH 16:40; HEB 10:11
  • Atonement for: LEV 16:6,24; EZK 44:27
  • High Priest duties: Had charge of sanctuary and altar: NUM 18:2,5,7. To offer sacrifices: HEB 5:1; 8:3. On Day of Atonement: EXO 30:10; LEV 16; HEB 5:3; 9:7,22,23
  • Figurative: EXO 19:6; ISA 61:6; 1PE 2:9; REV 1:6; 5:10; 20:6
  • Suffering of Christ (cross-referenced from ATONEMENT and CRUCIFIXION)
  • Salvation, Plan of (cross-referenced from ATONEMENT)
  • Blood (cross-referenced from ATONEMENT)
  • Redemption (cross-referenced from RECONCILIATION)