Verses¶

Primary Verses -- Leviticus 4:1-35 (Four Chattat Pericopes)¶

Pericope 1: Anointed Priest (4:1-12)¶

4:1-2 Introduction: sin through ignorance against commandments of the LORD 4:3 If the priest that is anointed do sin...a young bullock without blemish...for a sin offering. 4:4 Bring bullock to door of tabernacle; lay hand on head; kill before the LORD. 4:5 The priest that is anointed shall take of the bullock blood and bring it to the tabernacle of the congregation. 4:6 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle [nazah, Hiphil] of the blood seven times before the LORD, before the vail of the sanctuary [liphnei paroketh haqqodesh]. 4:7 The priest shall put [nathan] some of the blood upon the horns of the altar of sweet incense before the LORD...and shall pour [shaphakh] all the blood of the bullock at the bottom [yesod] of the altar of the burnt offering. 4:8-12 Fat burned on altar; whole bullock carried outside camp to clean place (shephek) and burned.

Blood path: nazah (7x before veil) + nathan (incense altar horns) + shaphakh (burnt offering altar base). Flesh: burned outside camp.

Pericope 2: Whole Congregation (4:13-21)¶

4:13-16 Congregation sins through ignorance; elders lay hands; priest brings blood to tabernacle. 4:17 Priest dips finger in blood, sprinkles [nazah] seven times before the LORD, before the vail. 4:18 Puts [nathan] blood upon horns of the altar before the LORD in tabernacle; pours [shaphakh] all blood at bottom [yesod] of burnt offering altar. 4:20 The priest shall make an atonement [kaphar, Piel] for them, and it shall be forgiven [nislach, Niphal] them. 4:21 Carry bullock outside camp and burn.

Blood path: IDENTICAL to Pericope 1. Flesh: burned outside camp.

Pericope 3: Ruler/Nasi (4:22-26)¶

4:22-24 Ruler sins through ignorance; male goat; lays hand; kills where burnt offering is killed. 4:25 Priest takes blood with finger, puts [nathan] it upon horns of altar of burnt offering, pours [shaphakh] blood at bottom [yesod] of altar of burnt offering. 4:26 Priest makes atonement [kaphar] for him...and it shall be forgiven [nislach] him.

Blood path: nathan (BURNT OFFERING altar horns) + shaphakh (base). NO nazah, NO Holy Place entry. Flesh: eaten by priest (6:26).

Pericope 4: Common Person (4:27-35)¶

4:27-29 Common person sins; female goat or lamb; lays hand; slays. 4:30 Priest takes blood with finger, puts [nathan] it upon horns of altar of burnt offering, pours [shaphakh] all blood at bottom [yesod] of altar. 4:31,35 Priest makes atonement [kaphar]...and it shall be forgiven [nislach] him.

Blood path: IDENTICAL to Pericope 3. Flesh: eaten by priest (6:26).

Leviticus 5:1-13 -- Graduated Chattat for Poverty¶

5:1-5 Cases: failure to testify; contact with unclean thing; rash oath. 5:6 Female from the flock for a sin offering; priest makes atonement. 5:7-8 If unable to bring a lamb: two turtledoves or pigeons. 5:9 Sprinkle blood of sin offering upon side of altar; rest wrung out at bottom. 5:10 Priest makes atonement...it shall be forgiven him. 5:11-12 If unable to bring birds: tenth of ephah of flour (no oil, no frankincense). 5:13 Priest makes atonement...it shall be forgiven him.

Leviticus 6:24-30 -- Law of the Sin Offering¶

6:25 The sin offering killed where burnt offering is killed: most holy. 6:26 The priest that offereth it for sin shall eat it in the holy place. 6:27 Whatsoever touches the flesh shall be holy. 6:30 No sin offering whose blood is brought into the tabernacle to reconcile in the holy place shall be eaten: it shall be burnt in the fire.

KEY: 6:30 = mutual exclusivity rule.

Leviticus 10:16-20 -- Priestly Eating Crisis¶

10:17 Why have ye not eaten the sin offering in the holy place...God hath given it you to bear [laset, infinitive construct of nasa] the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement [lekapper, infinitive construct of kaphar] for them before the LORD? 10:18 The blood of it was not brought in within the holy place: ye should indeed have eaten it.

Leviticus 15:31 -- Sanctuary Defilement Warning¶

15:31 Separate the children of Israel from their uncleanness; that they die not in their uncleanness, when they defile [betammeam, Piel infinitive construct of tame] my tabernacle [mishkani] that is among them.

Leviticus 16:14-19 -- Day of Atonement¶

16:14 Take blood of bullock and sprinkle [nazah] with finger upon mercy seat eastward; before the mercy seat sprinkle seven times. 16:15 Kill the goat...bring blood within the veil...sprinkle upon mercy seat and before it. 16:16 He shall make atonement [kaphar, Piel] for the holy place, because of the uncleanness [tumot] of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions [pishehem], in all their sins [chattotam]. 16:18-19 Go out to the altar...put blood upon the horns...sprinkle seven times, and cleanse [taher] it, and hallow [qadash] it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel.

Leviticus 17:11 -- Life-in-the-Blood¶

17:11 The life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul.

Exodus 29:10-14 -- Consecration Chattat¶

29:12 Take blood of bullock, put upon horns of altar with finger, pour all blood beside bottom of altar. 29:14 Flesh, skin, dung burned with fire outside camp: a sin offering.

Exodus 30:10 -- Annual Incense Altar Atonement¶

30:10 Aaron shall make atonement upon the horns of it once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: most holy unto the LORD.

Leviticus 8:15 -- Consecration Chattat Enacted¶

8:15 Moses took the blood, put upon horns of altar round about with finger, purified the altar, poured blood at bottom of altar, sanctified it, to make reconciliation upon it.

Leviticus 9:9 -- Aaron Inaugural¶

9:9 Sons of Aaron brought blood; he dipped finger, put upon horns of altar, poured out blood at bottom of altar.

Ezekiel 43:18-27 -- Ezekiel Altar Vision¶

43:20 Take blood, put on four horns of altar, on four corners of settle, upon border round about: thus cleanse and purge it. 43:21 Burn bullock of sin offering in appointed place outside sanctuary. 43:26 Seven days purge altar and purify it; consecrate themselves.

Numbers 19:13,20 -- Sanctuary Defilement by Dead¶

19:13 Toucheth dead body...purifieth not himself, defileth the tabernacle of the LORD. 19:20 Shall be cut off...because he hath defiled the sanctuary of the LORD.

Hebrews 9:7, 12-14, 22-23 -- NT Interpretation¶

9:7 Into the second went the high priest alone once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself and for the errors of the people. 9:12 By his own blood he entered in once [ephapax] into the holy place [ta hagia], having obtained eternal redemption. 9:13-14 If blood of bulls and goats...sanctifieth to purifying of flesh: how much more shall blood of Christ purge your conscience. 9:22 Almost all things purged with blood; without shedding of blood [haimatekchysia] no remission. 9:23 Necessary that patterns of heavenly things be purified with these; heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices.

Hebrews 13:10-13 -- Bodies Burned Outside Camp¶

13:11 Bodies of those beasts whose blood is brought into the sanctuary [ta hagia] by the high priest for sin are burned outside the camp. 13:12 Jesus also, that he might sanctify the people with his own blood, suffered outside the gate.