Hebrew Parsing — Raw Output¶
Isaiah 53:10¶
וַיהוָ֞ה חָפֵ֤ץ דַּכְּאֹו֙ הֶֽחֱלִ֔י אִם־תָּשִׂ֤ים אָשָׁם֙ נַפְשֹׁ֔ו יִרְאֶ֥ה זֶ֖רַע יַאֲרִ֣יךְ יָמִ֑ים וְחֵ֥פֶץ יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדֹ֥ו יִצְלָֽח׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
וַ ו Conj and
יהוָ֞ה יהוה PropN.ms.Abs YHWH
חָפֵ֤ץ חפץ Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms desire
דַּכְּאֹו֙ דכא Verb.Piel.InfCon+3ms oppress/crush [him]
הֶֽחֱלִ֔י חלה Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms make sick/cause to grieve
אִם אם Conj if
תָּשִׂ֤ים שׂים Verb.Qal.Impf.3fs put/make
אָשָׁם֙ אשׁם Noun.ms.Abs guilt/guilt offering
נַפְשֹׁ֔ו נפשׁ Noun.fs.Abs+3ms his soul
יִרְאֶ֥ה ראה Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms he shall see
זֶ֖רַע זרע Noun.ms.Abs seed
יַאֲרִ֣יךְ ארך Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms he shall prolong
יָמִ֑ים יום Noun.mp.Abs days
וְ ו Conj and
חֵ֥פֶץ חפץ Noun.ms.Cst pleasure/delight of
יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PropN.ms.Abs YHWH
בְּ ב Prep in
יָדֹ֥ו יד Noun.s.Abs+3ms his hand
יִצְלָֽח צלח Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms shall prosper
Key observations: - דַּכְּאֹו (dakko): Piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix — intensive crushing; YHWH is agent - הֶֽחֱלִ֔י (hecheli): Hiphil perfect 3ms of חלה — causative: "he caused to be sick/grieve" - תָּשִׂ֤ים (tasim): Qal imperfect 3fs — subject is feminine (nephesh? or impersonal?) - אָשָׁם (asham): masculine singular absolute — the guilt offering identification - יִרְאֶ֥ה (yireh): Qal imperfect 3ms of ראה — "he shall see" (result 1) - יַאֲרִ֣יךְ (yaarik): Hiphil imperfect 3ms of ארך — "he shall prolong" (result 2) - יִצְלָֽח (yitslach): Qal imperfect 3ms of צלח — "shall prosper" (result 3)
Isaiah 53:11¶
מֵעֲמַ֤ל נַפְשֹׁו֙ יִרְאֶ֣ה יִשְׂבָּ֔ע בְּדַעְתֹּ֗ו יַצְדִּ֥יק צַדִּ֛יק עַבְדִּ֖י לָֽרַבִּ֑ים וַעֲוֹנֹתָ֖ם ה֥וּא יִסְבֹּֽל׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
מֵ מן Prep from
עֲמַ֤ל עמל Noun.s.Cst labour/travail of
נַפְשֹׁו֙ נפשׁ Noun.fs.Abs+3ms his soul
יִרְאֶ֣ה ראה Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms he shall see
יִשְׂבָּ֔ע שׂבע Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms he shall be satisfied
בְּדַעְתֹּ֗ו דעת Noun.fs.Abs+3ms by his knowledge
יַצְדִּ֥יק צדק Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms he shall justify/declare righteous
צַדִּ֛יק צדיק Adj.ms.Abs righteous
עַבְדִּ֖י עבד Noun.ms.Abs+1cs my servant
לָֽרַבִּ֑ים רב Adj.mp.Abs (with art.) the many
וַעֲוֹנֹתָ֖ם עון Noun.mp.Abs+3mp their iniquities
ה֥וּא הוא PersPron.3ms he
יִסְבֹּֽל סבל Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms he shall bear
Key observations: - יִשְׂבָּ֔ע (yisba): Qal imperfect of שׂבע — "be satisfied/sated" — satisfaction with result - יַצְדִּ֥יק (yatsdiq): Hiphil imperfect 3ms of צדק — causative: "he shall cause to be righteous / declare righteous" — this is the restitution action - לָֽרַבִּ֑ים (larabbim): "to/for the many" — the beneficiaries of the asham - יִסְבֹּֽל (yisbol): Qal imperfect of סבל — "he shall bear" (ongoing bearing)
Isaiah 53:12¶
לָכֵ֞ן אֲחַלֶּק־לֹ֣ו בָרַבִּ֗ים וְאֶת־עֲצוּמִים֮ יְחַלֵּ֣ק שָׁלָל֒ תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶעֱרָ֤ה לַמָּ֨וֶת֙ נַפְשֹׁ֔ו וְאֶת־פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים נִמְנָ֑ה וְהוּא֙ חֵטְא־רַבִּ֣ים נָשָׂ֔א וְלַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים יַפְגִּֽיעַ׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
לָכֵ֞ן לכן Adv therefore
אֲחַלֶּק חלק Verb.Piel.Impf.1s I will divide
לֹ֣ו ל+3ms for him
בָרַבִּ֗ים ב+ה+רב Prep+Art+Adj.mp among/with the great
וְאֶת עֲצוּמִים עצום Adj.mp.Abs the mighty
יְחַלֵּ֣ק חלק Verb.Piel.Impf.3ms he shall divide
שָׁלָל שׁלל Noun.ms.Abs spoil/plunder
תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר because (that)
הֶעֱרָ֤ה ערה Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms he poured out
לַמָּ֨וֶת ל+ה+מות Prep+Art+Noun unto death
נַפְשֹׁ֔ו נפשׁ Noun.fs.Abs+3ms his soul
וְאֶת פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים פשׁע Verb.Qal.Ptcp.mp.Abs transgressors
נִמְנָ֑ה מנה Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms he was numbered
חֵטְא חטא Noun.ms.Cst sin of
רַבִּ֣ים רב Adj.mp.Abs many
נָשָׂ֔א נשׂא Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms he bore/lifted
וְלַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים and for the transgressors
יַפְגִּֽיעַ פגע Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms he shall make intercession
Key observations: - אֲחַלֶּק (achalleq): Piel 1st person — YHWH speaks: "I will divide for him" - יְחַלֵּ֣ק (yechalleq): Piel 3ms — the Servant divides spoil - הֶעֱרָ֤ה (heerah): Hiphil of ערה — "he poured out" (active: the Servant chose to pour out) - נָשָׂ֔א (nasa): Qal perfect 3ms — "he bore/lifted" the sin of many - יַפְגִּֽיעַ (yaphgia): Hiphil imperfect 3ms of פגע — "he shall make intercession" — causative pressing upon God for transgressors
Isaiah 53:6¶
כֻּלָּ֨נוּ֙ כַּצֹּ֣אן תָּעִ֔ינוּ אִ֥ישׁ לְדַרְכֹּ֖ו פָּנִ֑ינוּ וַֽיהוָה֙ הִפְגִּ֣יעַ בֹּ֔ו אֵ֖ת עֲוֹ֥ן כֻּלָּֽנוּ׃
Key parsing:
הִפְגִּ֣יעַ (hipgia): Hiphil.Perf.3ms of פגע — "caused to impinge/meet upon"
- YHWH is subject; "him" (bo) is the indirect object; avon kullanu ("iniquity of us all") is what was caused to meet/fall upon him
- Same root (paga) used in 53:12 for intercession — the debt-transfer verb (53:6) becomes the restitution-action verb (53:12)
Isaiah 52:15¶
כֵּ֤ן יַזֶּה֙ גֹּויִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים עָלָ֛יו יִקְפְּצ֥וּ מְלָכִ֖ים פִּיהֶ֑ם
Key parsing:
יַזֶּה (yazzeh): Hiphil.Impf.3ms of נזה (H5137) — "he shall sprinkle"
- This is the priestly sprinkling verb used for blood application in sin-offering rituals
- Object: goyim rabbim ("many nations") — the Servant's priestly action extends to gentiles
- The same root appears in Lev 4:6,17; 14:7,16,27; 16:14,15,19 for ritual purification sprinkling
- Literary structure: the prologue (52:13-15) introduces the Servant in priestly terms (sprinkle) before the body of the song identifies his death as an asham (53:10) — uniting priestly and guilt-offering functions