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Question

What are the specific categories of offense that require an asham (Lev 5:14-6:7; Num 5:5-8), what does the mandatory restitution-plus-one-fifth accomplish that the chattat alone cannot, and why does the asham uniquely address both the Godward and humanward dimensions?

Topics

TRESPASS

  • General scriptures concerning EXO 22:9
  • Of an ox EXO 21:28-36
  • Of a brother MAT 18:15-18; LUK 17:3,4
  • A creditor must not enter a debtor's house to seize a pledge DEU 24:10
  • Trespass offering — See OFFERINGS

RESTITUTION

  • To be made for injury to life, limb, or property EXO 21:30-36; LEV 24:18
  • To be made for theft EXO 22:1-4; PRO 6:30,31; EZK 33:15
  • To be made for dishonesty LEV 6:2-5; NUM 5:7; JOB 20:18; EZK 33:15; LUK 19:8

SACRILEGE

(Profaning holy things) - Forbidden LEV 19:8; 1CO 3:17; TIT 1:11; 1PE 5:2 - INSTANCES OF: - Esau sells his birthright GEN 25:33 - Nadab and Abihu offer "strange" (unauthorized) fire LEV 10:1-7; NUM 3:4 - Of Uzzah 2SA 6:6,7 - Of Uzziah 2CH 26:16-21 - Of Korah and his group NUM 16:40 - Of the people of Beth-shemesh 1SA 6:19 - Of Ahaz 2CH 28:24 - Of the money-exchangers in the temple MAT 21:12,13; LUK 19:45; JHN 2:14-16 - Of those who profaned the Lord's Supper 1CO 11:29

PERJURY

  • General scriptures concerning LEV 6:2-7; 19:12; ISA 48:1; JER 5:2; 7:9; HOS 10:4; ZEC 5:4; 8:17; MAL 3:5; MAT 5:33; 1TI 1:9,10
  • INSTANCES OF: Zedekiah 2CH 36:13; Witnesses against Naboth 1KI 21:8-13; David PSA 35:11; Jesus MAT 26:59; MRK 14:56,57; Stephen ACT 6:11,13,14; Peter MAT 26:74; MRK 14:71

DISHONESTY

  • General scriptures concerning LEV 6:2-7; 19:13,35,36; DEU 25:13-16; JOB 24:2-11; PSA 37:21; 50:18; 62:10; PRO 3:27,28; 11:1; 20:10,14,17,23; ISA 32:7; JER 7:8-10; 9:4-6,8; 22:13; EZK 22:29; HOS 4:1,2; 12:7; AMO 3:10; 8:5; MIC 6:10,11; NAM 3:1; ZEP 1:9; ZEC 5:3,4; LUK 16:1-8; 1TH 4:6; JAS 5:4
  • INSTANCES OF: Abimelech's servants GEN 21:25; 26:15-22; Jacob GEN 25:29-33; 27:6-29; 30:31-43; Laban GEN 29:21-30; 31:36-42; Achan JOS 7:11-26; Ahab 1KI 21:2-16; Judas JHN 12:6

NEIGHBOR

  • General scriptures concerning EXO 20:16; 23:4,5; LEV 6:2-5; 19:13,16-18; DEU 22:1-4; PSA 15:1-3; PRO 3:28,29; ISA 58:6-14; JER 22:13; ZEC 8:16,17; MAT 7:12; 19:19; 22:39; 25:34-46; MRK 12:31; LUK 10:25-37; ROM 13:9,10; 15:2; GAL 5:14; 6:10; HEB 13:3; JAS 2:8,9

ATONEMENT

  • For tabernacle and furniture LEV 16:15-20,33
  • In consummation of the Levites NUM 8:21
  • For those defiled by the dead NUM 6:11
  • Made for houses LEV 14:53
  • By meat offerings LEV 5:11-13
  • By money EXO 30:12-16; LEV 5:15,16; 2KI 12:16
  • By incense NUM 16:46-50
  • DAY OF: Time EXO 30:10; LEV 23:27; 25:9; NUM 29:7; How observed EXO 30:10; LEV 16:2-34; 23:27-32; NUM 29:7-11
  • MADE BY ANIMAL SACRIFICES: EXO 29:36; 30:12-16; LEV 1:4; 4:20,22-35; 5:6-10; 6:7; 9:7; 10:17; 12:6-8; 14:12-32; 16:6,10,11,15-19,24-34; 17:11; 19:22; NUM 15:22-28; 28:22,30; 29:5,10,11; HEB 9:22
  • MADE BY JESUS: Divinely ordained LUK 2:30,31; GAL 4:4,5; EPH 1:3-12; COL 1:19,20; 1PE 1:20; REV 13:8
  • UNCLASSIFIED: PSA 40:6,7; ISA 53:4-12; DAN 9:24-27; ZEC 13:1; MAT 26:28; ROM 3:24-26; 5:1,2,6-11,15-21; HEB 9:12-15,25,26; 10:1-20; 1PE 1:18-20; 1JN 2:2

OFFERINGS — TRESPASS

  • Ordinances concerning LEV 5; 6:1-7; 7:1-7; 14:10-22; 15:15,29,30; 19:21,22; NUM 6:12; EZR 10:19
  • To be eaten by the priests LEV 7:6,7; 14:13; NUM 18:9,10
  • Offered by idolaters 1SA 6:3,8,17,18

OFFERINGS — SIN

  • Ordinances concerning EXO 29:10-14; LEV 4; 5; 6:1-7,26-30; 9:1-21; 12:6-8; 14:19,22,31; 15:30; 23:19; NUM 6:10,11,14,16; 8:8,12; 15:27; 28:15,22-24,30; 29:5,6,11,16-38

FRAUD

Cross-referenced from DISHONESTY — the same verse references (LEV 6:2-7) appear under both topics, confirming that the asham's Category 2 offenses include fraud.

OATH

GEN 14:22,23; GEN 21:22,23; EXO 20:7; NUM 5:19-24; DEU 5:11; 1KI 8:31,32 — connects to the swearing-falsely provision in Lev 6:3.

REPENTANCE

LEV 26:40-42; NUM 5:7; 2CH 7:14; EZK 33:15; LUK 19:8 — the asham requires confession (Num 5:7) as part of the restitution process.