Raw Greek Parsing Data¶
Galatians 3:10¶
Ὅσοι γὰρ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου εἰσὶν, ὑπὸ κατάραν εἰσίν,
γέγραπται γὰρ ὅτι Ἐπικατάρατος πᾶς ὃς οὐκ ἐμμένει
πᾶσιν τοῖς γεγραμμένοις ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τοῦ νόμου τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτά.
Ὅσοι ὅσος G3745 Nom Pl M — "as many as"
ἐξ ἐκ G1537 PREP — "out of / of"
ἔργων ἔργον G2041 Gen Pl N — "works"
νόμου νόμος G3551 Gen Sg M — "of [the] law"
εἰσὶν εἰμί G1510 Pres Act Ind 3P — "are"
ὑπὸ ὑπό G5259 PREP — "under"
κατάραν κατάρα G2671 Acc Sg F — "a curse"
Ἐπικατάρατος ἐπικατάρατος G1944 Nom Sg M — "Cursed"
πᾶς πᾶς G3956 Nom Sg M — "every one"
ἐμμένει ἐμμένω G1696 Pres Act Ind 3S — "continues in"
πᾶσιν πᾶς G3956 Dat Pl N — "all [things]"
γεγραμμένοις γράφω G1125 Perf Pass Ptcp Dat Pl N — "written"
βιβλίῳ βιβλίον G975 Dat Sg N — "book"
ποιῆσαι ποιέω G4160 Aor Act Inf — "to do"
Quotation of Deut 27:26: Paul replaces the Hebrew "confirmeth not" (lo yaqim, Hiphil of qum) with "continueth not" (ouk emmenei, from emmeno — to abide/persist in). He also adds "all things" (pasin) and "written in the book of" (gegrammenois en to biblio) — expanding the scope explicitly beyond oral tradition to the written Torah. The compound prepositional phrase "under a curse" (hupo kataran) is Paul's own framework, not from the Deuteronomy text.
Galatians 3:13¶
Χριστὸς ἡμᾶς ἐξηγόρασεν ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου
γενόμενος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν κατάρα,
ὅτι γέγραπται Ἐπικατάρατος πᾶς ὁ κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου
Χριστὸς Χριστός G5547 Nom Sg M — "Christ" [SUBJECT]
ἡμᾶς ἐγώ G1473 Acc Pl — "us" [OBJECT]
ἐξηγόρασεν ἐξαγοράζω G1805 Aor Act Ind 3S — "redeemed/bought out"
ἐκ ἐκ G1537 PREP — "from / out of"
τῆς κατάρας κατάρα G2671 Gen Sg F — "the curse"
τοῦ νόμου νόμος G3551 Gen Sg M — "of the law"
γενόμενος γίνομαι G1096 Aor Mid Ptcp Nom Sg M — "having become"
ὑπὲρ ὑπέρ G5228 PREP — "on behalf of"
ἡμῶν ἐγώ G1473 Gen Pl — "us"
κατάρα κατάρα G2671 Nom Sg F — "a curse"
Ἐπικατάρατος ἐπικατάρατος G1944 Nom Sg M — "Cursed"
κρεμάμενος κρεμάννυμι G2910 Pres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg M — "hanging"
ξύλου ξύλον G3586 Gen Sg N — "a tree"
Key grammatical observations: 1. exegorasen (Aorist Active Indicative 3S): completed act — Christ purchased/extracted us. The ek- prefix + ek preposition = double extraction emphasis ("bought us OUT FROM the curse"). 2. genomenos (Aorist Middle Participle Nom Sg M): circumstantial participle of means — "by becoming a curse." The aorist participle is contemporaneous with or antecedent to the main verb. 3. huper hemon katara (on behalf of us a curse): The anarthrous katara (no article) in predicate nominative = Christ became what the curse is — a quality/condition, not the specific curse entity. 4. kremamenos (Present Middle Participle): "the one hanging" — durative aspect, describing the state during which the curse applies. 5. Paul quotes Deut 21:23 but modifies: Hebrew has qilelat elohim taluy ("a curse of God [is the one] hanging"); Paul drops "of God" and adds epikataratos pas ho kremamenos epi xylou.
Galatians 3:14¶
ἵνα εἰς τὰ ἔθνη ἡ εὐλογία τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ γένηται ἐν Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ,
ἵνα τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Πνεύματος λάβωμεν διὰ τῆς πίστεως.
ἵνα ἵνα G2443 CONJ — "in order that" [purpose]
εὐλογία εὐλογία G2129 Nom Sg F — "the blessing"
Ἀβραὰμ Ἀβραάμ G11 Gen Sg M — "of Abraham"
γένηται γίνομαι G1096 Aor Mid Subj 3S — "might come"
ἵνα ἵνα G2443 CONJ — "in order that" [purpose]
ἐπαγγελίαν ἐπαγγελία G1860 Acc Sg F — "the promise"
Πνεύματος πνεῦμα G4151 Gen Sg N — "of the Spirit"
λάβωμεν λαμβάνω G2983 Aor Act Subj 1P — "we might receive"
πίστεως πίστις G4102 Gen Sg F — "of faith"
Double hina clause: Two purpose clauses: (1) that the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus; (2) that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith. The redemption from the curse (v.13) has two results: blessing extended to nations + Spirit received through faith.
Romans 2:29¶
ἀλλ' ὁ ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ Ἰουδαῖος,
καὶ περιτομὴ καρδίας ἐν πνεύματι οὐ γράμματι
περιτομὴ περιτομή G4061 Nom Sg F — "circumcision"
καρδίας καρδία G2588 Gen Sg F — "of the heart"
πνεύματι πνεῦμα G4151 Dat Sg N — "in spirit"
γράμματι γράμμα G1121 Dat Sg N — "in letter"
Key: peritome kardias en pneumati = "circumcision of the heart in spirit." This is the NT articulation of Deut 30:6 (heart circumcision) mediated by the Spirit. The contrast en pneumati ou grammati (in spirit not in letter) parallels the old-covenant/new-covenant distinction.
Romans 6:3-4 (Vocabulary verification — Deuteronomic curse terms absent)¶
ἐβαπτίσθημεν βαπτίζω G907 Aor Pass Ind 1P — "we were baptized"
συνετάφημεν συνθάπτω G4916 Aor Pass Ind 1P — "we were buried together"
βαπτίσματος βάπτισμα G908 Gen Sg N — "of baptism"
θάνατον θάνατος G2288 Acc Sg M — "death"
ἠγέρθη ἐγείρω G1453 Aor Pass Ind 3S — "was raised"
περιπατήσωμεν περιπατέω G4043 Aor Act Subj 1P — "we might walk"
VERIFICATION RESULT: The vocabulary in Rom 6:3-6 consists entirely of baptism/death/resurrection/walking terminology (baptizo, synthaptō, thanatos, egeiro, peripateo, systauroō). NONE of the Deuteronomic covenant-curse vocabulary appears: no katara (G2671), no epikataratos (G1944), no exagorazo (G1805), no arar/arur (H779). Bohr's claim that Rom 6 connects baptism to the covenant-curse framework is typological inference at best — there is no direct textual linkage through shared vocabulary.
Hebrews 8:10¶
ὅτι αὕτη ἡ διαθήκη ἣν διαθήσομαι τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰσραὴλ...
διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν,
καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν ἐπιγράψω αὐτούς
διαθήκη διαθήκη G1242 Nom Sg F — "covenant"
διαθήσομαι διατίθημι G1303 Fut Mid Ind 1S — "I will make/dispose"
διδοὺς δίδωμι G1325 Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M — "giving/putting"
νόμους νόμος G3551 Acc Pl M — "laws"
διάνοιαν διάνοια G1271 Acc Sg F — "mind/understanding"
καρδίας καρδία G2588 Acc Pl F — "hearts"
ἐπιγράψω ἐπιγράφω G1924 Fut Act Ind 1S — "I will write upon"
Key: The Hebrews 8:10 quotation of Jer 31:33 uses didous (present active participle of didomi, "giving") for placing laws into the mind, and epigrapso (future active indicative of epigrapho, "I will inscribe/write upon") for writing on hearts. The dual placement (eis ten dianoian + epi kardias) = mind and heart — both cognitive and volitional centers. Compare Deut 30:6 where God circumcises the heart and Jer 31:33 where God writes the law on the heart — different metaphors, same divine initiative.