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G4204 — porne

Source: word-studies/G4204-porne.md

Occurrences: 12

Harlot/prostitute; 12 NT uses, 4 in Revelation's Babylon section. Figurative use for idolatrous/apostate community dominates Revelation usage. LXX translates zanah (H2181) consistently as porneia-group terms.

Semantic categories: Covenant infidelity/spiritual harlotry, Literal prostitution, Apocalyptic anti-church figure

Key verses: Rev 17:1, Rev 17:5, Rev 19:2

Relevance: The harlot of Revelation 17 — figurative use for idolatrous/apostate community. The covenant-unfaithfulness dimension is foundational.

G4202 — porneia

Source: word-studies/G4202-porneia.md

Occurrences: 26

Fornication/harlotry; 26 NT uses, 7 in Revelation. Foundation of the covenant-infidelity argument. Used both literally and figuratively for spiritual unfaithfulness.

Semantic categories: Covenant infidelity, Sexual immorality, Idolatrous worship

Key verses: Rev 14:8, Rev 17:2, Rev 18:3

Relevance: Figurative for idolatrous unfaithfulness throughout Revelation. The wine of her porneia = Babylon's corrupting influence.

G4203 — porneuo

Source: word-studies/G4203-porneuo.md

Occurrences: 8

To commit fornication (verb); 8 NT uses including Rev 2:14,20; 17:2; 18:3,9. Establishes the activity of nations with Babylon.

Semantic categories: Covenant unfaithfulness, Idolatrous alliance, Political-religious fornication

Key verses: Rev 17:2, Rev 18:3, Rev 18:9

Relevance: Kings of the earth commit fornication with the harlot — political alliance with apostate religion.

G4205 — pornos

Source: word-studies/G4205-pornos.md

Occurrences: 10

Fornicator/whoremonger; masculine agent noun. Used in vice lists and exclusion from the kingdom.

Semantic categories: Moral exclusion, Vice lists, Eschatological judgment

Key verses: Rev 21:8, Rev 22:15, Heb 12:16

Relevance: Pornos excluded from New Jerusalem (21:8, 22:15) — contrasts with Babylon where porneia fills the golden cup.

H2181 — zanah

Source: word-studies/H2181-zanah.md

Occurrences: 107

OT harlotry verb; 93 uses. Overwhelmingly applied to covenant entities who became unfaithful. Foundational for the covenant-presupposition argument that Babylon must be a once-faithful entity.

Semantic categories: Covenant unfaithfulness, Idolatrous worship, Political alliance

Key verses: Ezek 16:15, Hos 1:2, Isa 1:21

Relevance: The OT harlotry verb almost exclusively applied to covenant entities. This vocabulary eliminates pure paganism and secular empire readings of Babylon.

H8457 — taznuwth

Source: word-studies/H8457-taznuwth.md

Occurrences: 20

Whoredoms/harlotries; noun form of zanah. Used for the products/manifestations of harlotry.

Semantic categories: Covenant infidelity products, Idolatrous practices, Political alliances

Key verses: Ezek 23:19, Nah 3:4, Hos 2:2

Relevance: The noun form describing the whoredoms of covenant-unfaithful entities.

TR-zanah-porne — zanah → porne translation track

Source: word-studies/TR-zanah-porne.md

Occurrences: None

Translation-track study linking zanah (H2181) to porne (G4204) across Testaments. LXX consistently maps the zanah word family to the porneia word family.

Semantic categories: Cross-testament vocabulary chain, Covenant infidelity tradition, LXX translation consistency

Key verses: Ezek 16:15 → Rev 17:1, Hos 1:2 → Rev 17:5, Isa 1:21 → Rev 18:2

Relevance: Confirms the semantic continuity between OT zanah and NT porneia. Revelation's harlot language inherits the OT covenant-presupposition.

G897 — Babylon

Source: word-studies/G897-babylon.md

Occurrences: 12

12 NT uses; all Revelation uses in symbolic/figurative context. Derived from H894 babel/balal (to mix/confuse). The name itself signals mixture.

Semantic categories: Symbolic/apocalyptic city, Anti-God civilization, Confusion/mixture

Key verses: Rev 14:8, Rev 17:5, Rev 18:2

Relevance: The subject of the study. Every NT use except 1 Pet 5:13 is in Revelation's symbolic apocalyptic context.

H1101 — balal

Source: word-studies/H1101-balal.md

Occurrences: 45

To mix/confuse; 44 OT uses; 88% = mixing flour with oil in priestly offerings. Etymological root of Babel (Gen 11:9). Babylon's essential character is deliberate mixture.

Semantic categories: Priestly mixing/blending, Linguistic confusion, Deliberate mixture

Key verses: Gen 11:9, Lev 2:4, Lev 14:10

Relevance: Etymology of Babylon. The dominant usage (mixing flour with oil) suggests Babylon's character is deliberate MIXTURE of sacred and profane, truth and error.

G3466 — mysterion

Source: word-studies/G3466-mystērion.md

Occurrences: 27

Mystery; 27 NT uses. Revelation of hidden divine purposes. At Rev 1:20 explicitly introduces symbolic interpretation. On harlot's forehead (17:5) signals that what follows is symbolic.

Semantic categories: Divine revelation, Symbolic interpretation signal, Hidden purposes unveiled

Key verses: Rev 17:5, Rev 1:20, 2 Thess 2:7

Relevance: The word mysterion on the harlot's forehead functions as an interpretive signal. At Rev 1:20, mysterion explicitly introduces symbolic interpretation.

WG-mystery — mystery (English reverse)

Source: word-studies/WG-mystery.md

Occurrences: None

English-reverse word group for 'mystery.' All NT instances translate mysterion (G3466). No Hebrew equivalent in OT.

Semantic categories: Pauline mystery theology, Apocalyptic revelation, Hidden wisdom

Key verses: Rev 17:5, Rev 1:20, Eph 3:3-6

Relevance: Confirms mysterion is the sole Greek word behind English 'mystery' in NT.

G3631 — oinos

Source: word-studies/G3631-oinos.md

Occurrences: 33

Wine; 33 NT uses, 8 in Revelation. Dual-function: Babylon's intoxicating influence AND God's wrath. Literal and symbolic uses.

Semantic categories: Babylon's corrupting influence, Divine judgment/wrath, Literal beverage

Key verses: Rev 14:8, Rev 14:10, Rev 18:3

Relevance: Used for both Babylon's wine (corrupting false doctrines) and God's wine (undiluted judgment). The two wines mirror each other.

G2372 — thumos

Source: word-studies/G2372-thumos.md

Occurrences: 18

Wrath/fury/passion; 18 NT uses, 10 in Revelation. Revelation's dominant wrath term. Both Babylon's passionate influence and God's passionate judgment.

Semantic categories: Divine judgment fury, Babylon's passionate seduction, Eschatological wrath

Key verses: Rev 14:8, Rev 14:10, Rev 19:15

Relevance: Creates a sustained drumbeat of divine wrath. Used in the complex genitive chain at 14:8: wine of the thumos of her porneia.

G4098 — pipto

Source: word-studies/G4098-pipto.md

Occurrences: 93

To fall; 90 NT uses. Doubled at Rev 14:8 and 18:2 (epesen epesen) quoting Isa 21:9 LXX via naphal (H5307).

Semantic categories: Prophetic fall announcement, Physical falling, Judgment/destruction

Key verses: Rev 14:8, Rev 18:2, Isa 21:9 (via LXX)

Relevance: The doubled epesen quoting Isa 21:9 LXX verbatim. Proleptic aorist declares certain future fall as past fact.

G946 — bdelygma

Source: word-studies/G946-bdelygma.md

Occurrences: 6

Abomination; 6 NT uses. In harlot's golden cup (17:4) and excluded from New Jerusalem (21:27). OT connection to idolatry (shiqquts).

Semantic categories: Idolatrous worship objects, Ritual defilement, Eschatological exclusion

Key verses: Rev 17:4, Rev 21:27, Matt 24:15

Relevance: Confirms the cup's contents are religious/idolatrous (abominations), not merely political corruption.

G684 — apoleia

Source: word-studies/G684-apoleia.md

Occurrences: 20

Perdition/destruction; beast goes to apoleia (17:8,11). Same word for Judas (John 17:12) and man of sin (2 Thess 2:3). Judas typology.

Semantic categories: Eschatological destruction, Betrayal from within, Anti-Christ trajectory

Key verses: Rev 17:8, Rev 17:11, John 17:12

Relevance: The beast-Judas-man-of-sin connection via shared apoleia vocabulary. Greatest betrayal from within the faith community.

G2296 — thaumazo

Source: word-studies/G2296-thaumazo.md

Occurrences: 47

To wonder/marvel; John's reaction at 17:6. Used for beast-worship at 13:3. May signal recognition of degradation rather than admiration.

Semantic categories: Shocked recognition, Beast-worship, Visionary response

Key verses: Rev 17:6, Rev 13:3, Rev 17:8

Relevance: John's thaumazo at 17:6 may signal recognition — if the harlot resembles the Rev 12 woman corrupted, John's shock is recognition of degradation.

G667 — apophero

Source: word-studies/G667-apopherō.md

Occurrences: 7

To carry away; only 5 NT uses total. Exclusive to Rev 17:3 and 21:10 for Spirit-transport. Strongest lexical proof of Babylon-bride mirror.

Semantic categories: Spirit-transport, Visionary relocation, Structural mirror marker

Key verses: Rev 17:3, Rev 21:10, Mark 15:1

Relevance: The exclusivity of apophero for Spirit-transport in Revelation (only 17:3 and 21:10) is the strongest lexical evidence for the deliberate architectural pairing of the Babylon and bride visions.

G5558 — chrysoo

Source: word-studies/G5558-chrysóō.md

Occurrences: 2

To gild/overlay with gold; only 2 NT uses, both for Babylon (17:4; 18:16). Contrasts with NJ's pure gold (katharon chrysion).

Semantic categories: Surface appearance, Gilding/overlay, Deceptive exterior

Key verses: Rev 17:4, Rev 18:16

Relevance: Babylon is gilded (surface gold); New Jerusalem IS pure gold. Same material, opposite relationship — deceptive exterior vs authentic nature. VP023.

G3735 — oros

Source: word-studies/G3735-óros.md

Occurrences: 65

Mountain; 65 NT uses. Critical for seven mountains/hills debate at Rev 17:9. Never translated 'hill' in Revelation. OT: mountains = kingdoms in prophetic imagery.

Semantic categories: Prophetic kingdom symbol, Geographic feature, Eschatological transformation

Key verses: Rev 17:9, Rev 21:10, Dan 2:35

Relevance: The seven mountains debate. oros means mountain in every other Revelation occurrence. The seven-hills reading requires a unique meaning shift. OT prophetic usage supports reading mountains as kingdoms.

G4172 — polis

Source: word-studies/G4172-polis.md

Occurrences: 164

City; 164 NT uses. Critical for mapping 'the great city' (he polis he megale) across all Revelation occurrences.

Semantic categories: Urban center, Symbolic community, Eschatological destination

Key verses: Rev 17:18, Rev 11:8, Rev 21:2

Relevance: he polis he megale appears approximately 10 times in Revelation. At 11:8 = Jerusalem. At 17:18 = Babylon/the woman. Mapping every occurrence is essential.

G3173 — megas

Source: word-studies/G3173-megas.md

Occurrences: 212

Great; massive NT frequency. Dominant adjective in Revelation. Applied to the city, the harlot, the mountain, the voice.

Semantic categories: Scale/significance, Eschatological emphasis, Revelation's dominant modifier

Key verses: Rev 17:1, Rev 17:5, Rev 18:10

Relevance: The phrase he megale qualifies both the harlot (he porne he megale) and the city (he polis he megale). Revelation's most frequent adjective.

G194 — akratos

Source: word-studies/G194-akratos.md

Occurrences: 1

Unmixed/undiluted; NT hapax at Rev 14:10. Intensifies the cup-of-wrath judgment. God's wrath poured out without any dilution.

Semantic categories: Unmixed wrath, Judgment intensity, Hapax legomenon

Key verses: Rev 14:10

Relevance: NT hapax at Rev 14:10 describing God's undiluted judgment. The strongest possible wrath: akratos = without any mixture/water.

G3184 — methyo

Source: word-studies/G3184-methyo.md

Occurrences: 8

To be drunk; 7 NT uses. Harlot drunk with blood of saints (17:6). Nations drunk on her wine (17:2). Intoxication as both influence and violence.

Semantic categories: Intoxication, Blood-drunkenness, Spiritual stupefaction

Key verses: Rev 17:2, Rev 17:6, 1 Thess 5:7

Relevance: Dual intoxication: (1) the nations are drunk on Babylon's wine (corrupted by false teaching); (2) the harlot is drunk on the blood of saints (intoxicated by persecution).

G169 — akathartos

Source: word-studies/G169-akathartos.md

Occurrences: 30

Unclean; used for unclean spirits and birds in Babylon's desolation (18:2). Ritual and moral impurity.

Semantic categories: Ritual impurity, Demon association, Moral defilement

Key verses: Rev 18:2, Rev 16:13, Rev 17:4

Relevance: Babylon becomes the habitation of every unclean spirit and bird (18:2). The unclean vocabulary connects to OT purity/impurity boundaries.

G3088 — lychnos

Source: word-studies/G3088-lychnos.md

Occurrences: 14

Lamp; extinguished in Babylon (18:23) but eternal in New Jerusalem (21:23). VP026 antithetical contrast.

Semantic categories: Light/illumination, Worship lamp, Eschatological contrast

Key verses: Rev 18:23, Rev 21:23, Matt 5:15

Relevance: The Lamb IS the lychnos of New Jerusalem (21:23). In Babylon, the lychnos is extinguished (18:23). Same word, antithetical fates.

G1062 — gamos

Source: word-studies/G1062-gamos.md

Occurrences: 16

Wedding/marriage; bride-harlot marriage contrast. The Lamb's marriage (19:7) follows immediately after Babylon's fall.

Semantic categories: Covenant relationship, Eschatological celebration, Marriage supper

Key verses: Rev 19:7, Rev 19:9, Matt 22:2

Relevance: The marriage of the Lamb (19:7-9) immediately follows Babylon's judgment. The harlot represents the perversion of the marriage covenant; the bride represents its fulfillment.

G129 — haima

Source: word-studies/G129-haima.md

Occurrences: 99

Blood; persecution and vindication vocabulary. Harlot drunk with blood of saints (17:6). Blood of prophets found in her (18:24). VP025 blood vs water of life.

Semantic categories: Persecution/martyrdom, Atonement/sacrifice, Vindication

Key verses: Rev 17:6, Rev 18:24, Rev 19:2

Relevance: Central to the persecution identification of Babylon. The altar vindication arc (SP037) tracks from the blood cry at 6:9-10 to vindication at 19:2.

TR-am-laos — am → laos translation track

Source: word-studies/TR-am-laos.md

Occurrences: None

Translation-track linking am (H5971) to laos (G2992). Covenant-people designation. 'My people' (ammi/ho laos mou) at Rev 18:4.

Semantic categories: Covenant people, Cross-testament continuity, Divine ownership

Key verses: Rev 18:4, Jer 51:45, Hos 1:9

Relevance: ho laos mou (my people) at Rev 18:4 uses the covenant-people term. God claims people as covenant members while they are still inside Babylon.

H5971 — am

Source: word-studies/H5971-am.md

Occurrences: 1962

People; covenant-people designation in OT. ammi (my people) at Jer 51:45 is the source for Rev 18:4 ho laos mou.

Semantic categories: Covenant community, National identity, Divine relationship

Key verses: Jer 51:45, Hos 1:9, Hos 2:23

Relevance: The OT covenant-people term. When God calls people ammi while they are in Babylon, he claims them as covenant members — they are genuinely his people in the wrong place.

WG-people — people (English reverse)

Source: word-studies/WG-people.md

Occurrences: None

English-reverse word group for 'people.' Multiple Greek terms: laos (covenant people), ochlos (crowd), ethnos (nation/gentile), demos (citizenry).

Semantic categories: Covenant community, General populace, Ethnic/national group

Key verses: Rev 18:4, Rev 17:15, Rev 21:3

Relevance: Distinguishes laos (covenant people, Rev 18:4) from ochlos/ethnos (crowds/nations, Rev 17:15). The come-out call uses laos, not ochlos.

G5357 — phiale

Source: word-studies/G5357-phiale.md

Occurrences: 12

Bowl/vial; the bowl-angel connection to the Babylon vision. One of the seven bowl-angels introduces both the harlot (17:1) and the bride (21:9).

Semantic categories: Judgment vessel, Worship/offering bowl, Visionary frame marker

Key verses: Rev 17:1, Rev 21:9, Rev 16:1

Relevance: The bowl-angel introduces both visions (17:1 and 21:9), connecting the bowl judgments to both the Babylon and bride revelations.

G3709 — orge

Source: word-studies/G3709-orge.md

Occurrences: 36

Wrath; complement to thumos in Revelation. Together they represent complete divine judgment. Settled disposition of wrath (orge) vs passionate fury (thumos).

Semantic categories: Divine judgment, Settled wrath, Eschatological punishment

Key verses: Rev 19:15, Rev 16:19, Rev 6:16

Relevance: Rev 19:15 combines both: tou thumou tes orges tou theou = the fury of the wrath of God. Maximum expression of divine judgment.

G4561 — sarx

Source: word-studies/G4561-sarx.md

Occurrences: 151

Flesh; eating the harlot's flesh at 17:16. Physical and metaphorical uses across the NT.

Semantic categories: Physical body, Human nature, Destructive consumption

Key verses: Rev 17:16, Rev 19:18, Gal 5:19

Relevance: tas sarkas autes phagontai (they shall eat her flesh) at 17:16 — the beast/horns consume the harlot. Total destruction imagery.

G646 — apostasia

Source: word-studies/G646-apostasia.md

Occurrences: 2

Apostasy/falling away; 2 NT uses. 2 Thess 2:3 — the falling away precedes the man of sin. Connected to the mystery of iniquity tradition.

Semantic categories: Departure from faith, End-time rebellion, Corporate defection

Key verses: 2 Thess 2:3, Acts 21:21

Relevance: The apostasia of 2 Thess 2:3 is connected to the mystery of iniquity (2:7) which parallels Rev 17:5 MYSTERY inscription. Babylon represents the culmination of apostasy.