Word Studies¶
Question¶
What is the structural significance of Revelation's time periods? Why does the 3.5-year period appear in three different expressions — 42 months (Rev 11:2, 13:5), 1,260 days (Rev 11:3, 12:6), and 'a time, and times, and half a time' (Rev 12:14)? Use Daniel 7:25 and 12:7 as the source texts. Do the three expressions map to different subjects or perspectives? What does the text of Revelation 20 explicitly state about the millennium — what happens before, during, and after the thousand years? Document the sequence of events in Rev 20:1-15 without importing external frameworks.
G5507 — chilioi¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5507-chilioi.md
Occurrences: 11
Adjective meaning 'thousand.' 11 NT occurrences: 9 in Revelation, 2 in 2 Peter. Six of nine Revelation uses cluster in Rev 20:2-7 defining the millennium (chilia ete = 'thousand years'). Also used in prophetic time periods (1260 days at Rev 11:3, 12:6). Related to G5505 chilias (noun, 'a group of a thousand' — used for the 144,000).
Semantic categories: millennium, prophetic time periods, divine timescale
Key verses: Rev 20:2, Rev 20:3, Rev 20:4, Rev 20:5, Rev 20:6, Rev 20:7, 2 Pet 3:8
Relevance: The core number word in chilia ete — the millennium formula repeated 6 times in Rev 20. The concentrated repetition within 6 verses is unique for any time expression in Revelation.
G2094 — etos¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2094-etos.md
Occurrences: 49
Neuter noun meaning 'year.' 49 NT occurrences across 12 books. 9 Revelation occurrences, all in Rev 20 as part of chilia ete ('thousand years'). Critical observation: etos is used for the millennium but NEVER for the prophetic 3.5-year periods (42 months, 1260 days, time-times-half). The prophetic periods use hemera (days), men (months), or kairos (times) — never etos. This deliberate avoidance may signal different symbolic registers.
Semantic categories: eschatological duration, historical time periods, age/lifespan, divine perspective on time
Key verses: Rev 20:2, Rev 20:3, Rev 20:4, Rev 20:6, 2 Pet 3:8
Relevance: Pfandl's point #5: the word 'year' never appears in Daniel-Revelation prophetic time expressions — except for the millennium. This exception may indicate the millennium operates under a different temporal framework than the 3.5-year period.
A5732 — iddan¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/A5732-iddan.md
Occurrences: 15
Aramaic masculine noun meaning 'a set time; technically a year' (BDB). All 15 occurrences in Daniel's Aramaic sections. Two senses: (1) general time/duration (Dan 2:8, 7:12), (2) definite time = year (Dan 4:16,23,25,32 — 'seven times/years'). The prophetic formula at Dan 7:25: iddan ve-iddanin u-pelag iddan = 1+2+0.5 = 3.5 iddan. Dan 4 establishes that iddan = year contextually.
Semantic categories: general time span, prophetic duration formula, divine sovereignty over time, year (contextually established)
Key verses: Dan 7:25, Dan 4:16, Dan 4:25, Dan 2:21
Relevance: The Aramaic source word for the 'time-times-half' formula. Its year-meaning established by Dan 4 refutes the Serapeum claim that iddan is merely generic. LXX renders it as kairos, which Rev 12:14 uses in virtually quoting the Dan 7:25 formula.
A2166 — zman¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/A2166-zman.md
Occurrences: 11
Aramaic masculine noun meaning 'appointed time, season.' 10 in Daniel, 1 in Ezra. Distinguished from iddan: zman = calendar/appointed times that are scheduled or changed, iddan = prophetic duration/year. Dan 7:25 uses BOTH: the horn 'thinks to change times (zimnin = zman) and laws' AND 'they shall be given into his hand until a time (iddan) and times and dividing of time.' Two different Aramaic words for 'time' in one verse serving different functions.
Semantic categories: divine sovereignty over calendar, appointed occasions, scheduled times
Key verses: Dan 7:25, Dan 2:21
Relevance: Dan 7:25 contains zimnin (zman) AND iddan — the horn changes the calendar-appointed times (zimnin) while being granted prophetic authority for a duration (iddan). The distinction is critical: the horn's activity involves both altering religious observances and exercising temporal authority.
H4150 — moed¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H4150-moed.md
Occurrences: 229
Hebrew masculine noun meaning 'appointment, fixed time, season, festival, congregation.' 229 OT occurrences. 65.5% = 'congregation' (tabernacle of the congregation). Dan 12:7 uses moed in the time-times-half formula: le-moed moadim va-chetsi — the Hebrew equivalent of Aramaic Dan 7:25. Moed carries cultic/covenant-assembly connotations that iddan does not.
Semantic categories: appointed feast/assembly time, prophetic duration formula, tabernacle/congregation
Key verses: Dan 12:7, Gen 1:14, Lev 23:2
Relevance: Dan 12:7's Hebrew rendering of the time formula uses moed instead of iddan. The feast/assembly overtones may signal that the prophetic period has cultic-calendar significance — the time of appointed encounter with God.
G2540 — kairos¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2540-kairos.md
Occurrences: 84
Greek masculine noun meaning 'appointed time, season, opportunity.' 84 tokens across 19 books. 5 Revelation occurrences. Rev 12:14 uses kairos in the LXX Dan 7:25 formula (kairon kai kairous kai hemisy kairou). Rev 12:12 uses kairos for Satan's 'short time.' LXX renders Aramaic iddan as kairos (not chronos), preserving the 'appointed/decisive' semantic rather than mere duration.
Semantic categories: divinely appointed moment, eschatological times, prophetic formula rendering
Key verses: Rev 12:14, Rev 12:12, Rev 1:3, Rev 22:10
Relevance: The Greek word used in Rev 12:14's time-times-half formula. Kairos = appointed/decisive time (vs chronos = duration). The LXX chose kairos to render iddan, and Revelation follows this — the prophetic time is not mere duration but divinely appointed season.
G5550 — chronos¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5550-chronos.md
Occurrences: 49
Greek masculine noun meaning 'time, space of time, duration.' 49 occurrences across 15 books. 4 in Revelation. Rev 10:6 uses chronos in the angel's oath: chronos ouketi estai ('time/delay no longer'). Rev 20:3 uses chronos for the 'little season' (mikron chronon) after the millennium. Distinguished from kairos: chronos = elapsed duration, kairos = appointed moment.
Semantic categories: extended duration, fulfilled/completed time, eschatological cessation, prophetic delay ending
Key verses: Rev 10:6, Rev 20:3
Relevance: Rev 10:6 declares chronos (delay) ending; Rev 20:3 says Satan must be released for mikron chronon (little duration). The consistent distinction: kairos for prophetic appointed periods, chronos for measured elapsed duration.
G386 — anastasis¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G386-anastasis.md
Occurrences: 42
Greek feminine noun meaning 'resurrection, standing up again.' 42 NT occurrences. Appears in Revelation ONLY at 20:5 and 20:6. 41 of 42 NT occurrences refer to bodily/physical resurrection (the exception: Luke 2:34 figurative). The consistent bodily-resurrection usage across the NT is the foundation for the premillennial argument that 'first resurrection' at Rev 20:5-6 must be bodily.
Semantic categories: physical resurrection, Christ's resurrection, disputed doctrine, experiential participation
Key verses: Rev 20:5, Rev 20:6, John 5:29, 1 Cor 15:42, Acts 24:15
Relevance: TM176: anastasis in Revelation ONLY at 20:5-6. The 41/42 bodily-resurrection ratio is the grammatical-consistency argument against spiritualizing the first resurrection. Alford: 'If one resurrection is spiritual and the other physical, there is an end of all significance in language.'
G2198 — zao¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2198-zao.md
Occurrences: 147
Greek primary verb meaning 'to live.' 147 tokens (127 unique verses). The aorist active indicative (ezesan/ezesen, V-AAI-3P/3S) appears at Rev 20:4, 20:5, 2:8, and 13:14 — all four denoting bodily coming-to-life. Dominant form is present active participle (43%, 'the living God,' 'living water'). The aorist form is ingressive: 'came to life / revived.'
Semantic categories: bodily resurrection/revival, ongoing life state, divine attribute
Key verses: Rev 20:4, Rev 20:5, Rev 2:8, Rev 13:14, Rom 14:9
Relevance: SP082 (Strong): ezesan identical form at all four Revelation occurrences consistently denotes bodily coming-to-life. Rev 2:8 = Christ's resurrection, Rev 13:14 = beast's revival, Rev 20:4 = saints lived, Rev 20:5 = rest of dead lived not. Grammatical consistency requires the same semantic value across all four.
G936 — basileuo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G936-basileuo.md
Occurrences: 23
Greek verb meaning 'to reign, rule as king.' 23 tokens (18 unique verses). 7 in Revelation (39%). Tense arc in Revelation: ebasileusan (aorist, 20:4 — 'reigned'), basileusousin (future, 20:6 — 'shall reign'), basileusousin (future, 22:5 — 'shall reign forever'). All tokens are active voice. The verb is exclusively intransitive: one reigns, not 'is reigned.'
Semantic categories: saints reigning with Christ, Christ's eschatological reign, personified forces reigning
Key verses: Rev 20:4, Rev 20:6, Rev 22:5, 1 Cor 15:25, Rev 11:15
Relevance: Basileuo tense arc from revs2-05: aorist (completed millennium reign) → future (ongoing reign) → future (eternal reign). The thread reaches temporal infinity at 22:5. Four threads converge at Rev 20:4-6: martyria Iesou, logos tou theou, basileuo, hiereus.
G1210 — deo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1210-deo.md
Occurrences: 49
Greek primary verb meaning 'to bind.' 49 tokens (41 unique verses) across 10 books. 2 in Revelation (20:2). Used for physical restraint, prison chains, binding/loosing authority formulae, and relational obligation. The deo/lyo (G3089) antonym pair frames the millennium: edesen (bound, 20:2) / lythenai-lythesetai (loosed, 20:3,7).
Semantic categories: physical binding, authority formulae, imprisonment
Key verses: Rev 20:2, Matt 12:29, Matt 16:19
Relevance: TM175: deo/lyo antonym pair creates the millennium's structural bookends. Satan bound (edesen, V-AAI-3S) at the beginning, released (lythesetai, V-FPI-3S) at the end. Matt 12:29 parallel: binding the strong man before plundering his house.
G3089 — lyo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3089-lyo.md
Occurrences: 46
Greek primary verb meaning 'to loose, release, dissolve.' 46 tokens (40 unique verses) across 10 books. 6 in Revelation. Rev 20:3 lythenai (aorist passive infinitive, 'to be loosed'), Rev 20:7 lythesetai (future passive indicative, 'shall be loosed'). Also used for the four Euphrates angels (Rev 9:14-15). Antonym of deo (G1210).
Semantic categories: release from restraint, authority formulae, destruction/dissolution
Key verses: Rev 20:3, Rev 20:7, Rev 9:14-15, Matt 16:19
Relevance: Pairs with deo to frame the millennium. The passive voice (lythenai/lythesetai) at Rev 20:3,7 — Satan is not released by his own power but by divine permission (the dei = 'it is necessary' at 20:3 makes this explicit).
G4972 — sphragizo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4972-sphragizo.md
Occurrences: 28
Greek verb meaning 'to seal, stamp, make secure.' 28 tokens (15 unique verse locations). 18 tokens in Revelation (dominant book). Rev 20:3 esphragisen (V-AAI-3S, aorist active indicative) — the angel 'sealed' the abyss over Satan. Part of the triple confinement sequence: cast (ebalen), shut (ekleisen), sealed (esphragisen).
Semantic categories: authentication/confirmation, sealing shut for security, identity marking
Key verses: Rev 20:3, Rev 7:3-8, Eph 1:13
Relevance: TM178: the third and most emphatic verb in the triple confinement chain. Cast → shut → sealed represents escalating security. The sealing ensures the binding is complete and tamper-proof.
G4105 — planao¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4105-planao.md
Occurrences: 51
Greek verb meaning 'to cause to wander, deceive, lead astray.' 51 occurrences. Rev 20:3 planao is the stated purpose of Satan's binding: hina me planese ta ethne (that he should not deceive the nations). Rev 20:8 planao is what Satan does when released. Rev 20:10 ho planon autous (the one deceiving them) — present active participle characterizing Satan.
Semantic categories: cosmic deception, end-time false teaching, spiritual straying
Key verses: Rev 20:3, Rev 20:8, Rev 20:10, Rev 12:9, Rev 13:14
Relevance: The ONLY stated purpose of Satan's millennium binding: prevention of national deception. Planao is Satan's characteristic activity: deceives the whole world (12:9), deceives earth-dwellers (13:14), deceives nations (20:3,8), is the deceiver cast into fire (20:10).
G2288 — thanatos¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2288-thanatos.md
Occurrences: 119
Greek masculine noun meaning 'death.' 119 tokens (106 unique verses) across 15 books. 15 in Revelation (3.7 per 100 verses). The 'second death' (deuteros thanatos) appears only 4x in NT: Rev 2:11, 20:6, 20:14, 21:8. Rev 20:14 defines it: 'the lake of fire.' Death is personified at Rev 20:14 (death and Hades cast into the lake of fire), fulfilling 1 Cor 15:26 ('the last enemy destroyed is death').
Semantic categories: physical death, second death, personified death, death as enemy
Key verses: Rev 20:6, Rev 20:14, Rev 2:11, Rev 21:8, 1 Cor 15:26
Relevance: TM180: deuteros thanatos 4x in NT — all in Revelation. SP083 paired ordinals: first resurrection + second death are explicitly named, implying first death + second resurrection. Rev 20:14 is the only definition of the second death: 'the lake of fire.'
G12 — abyssos¶
Occurrences: 9
Greek feminine noun meaning 'abyss, bottomless pit.' 9 NT occurrences: 7 in Revelation (9:1,2,11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3), 1 in Luke (8:31), 1 in Romans (10:7). KJV translates as 'bottomless pit' (5x), 'deep' (2x), 'bottomless' (2x). In Luke 8:31 the demons beg Jesus not to command them into the abyssos. In Rev 20:1-3 it is Satan's confinement location during the millennium.
Semantic categories: confinement location for evil beings, demonic realm, Satan's millennium prison
Key verses: Rev 20:1, Rev 20:3, Rev 9:1-2, Rev 9:11, Rev 11:7, Rev 17:8, Luke 8:31
Relevance: Satan's specific confinement location during the millennium. The text says abyssos, not 'desolate earth' — EGW's identification of the abyss with the desolate earth is an interpretive addition to the text. Luke 8:31 establishes the abyssos as a place demons fear being sent to. In Revelation, the beast 'ascends out of' the abyssos (11:7, 17:8) — it is a realm of confinement for evil powers.
G2917 — krima¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2917-krima.md
Occurrences: 27
Greek neuter noun meaning 'judgment, verdict, decree.' 27 occurrences across 15 books. 2 in Revelation (17:1, 20:4). At Rev 20:4 krima edothe autois ('judgment was given unto them') parallels Dan 7:22 ('judgment was given to the saints of the most High'). The krima word family: krino (G2919, verb), krisis (G2920, process), krima (verdict/result), krites (judge).
Semantic categories: divine verdict, judgment authority given to saints, legal disputes
Key verses: Rev 20:4, Dan 7:22, 1 Pet 4:17
Relevance: Krima edothe at Rev 20:4 — the divine passive grants judgment-authority to the enthroned saints, paralleling Dan 7:22. This is not judgment UPON the saints but judgment-authority given TO them.
G975 — biblion¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G975-biblion.md
Occurrences: 32
Greek neuter noun meaning 'book, scroll.' 32 tokens (28 unique verses). 18 of 28 in Revelation (64%). At Rev 20:12 two categories of books: biblia (plural, records of works) and biblion tes zoes (book of life). The judgment operates on both: judged by works-records, saved/condemned by presence in the book of life.
Semantic categories: sealed scroll, book of life, book of judgment/records, book of prophecy
Key verses: Rev 20:12, Rev 13:8, Rev 21:27, Rev 5:1-9
Relevance: Rev 20:12 distinguishes two types of books in the judgment scene: works-records (biblia) and the book of life (biblion tes zoes). Dan 7:10 parallel: 'the books were opened.' The dual-book system at the great white throne: works determine sentence, book-of-life determines destiny.
G5055 — teleo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5055-teleo.md
Occurrences: 30
Greek verb meaning 'to end, complete, finish, expire.' 30 tokens (26 unique verses). 8 in Revelation (highest concentration). Rev 20 uses teleo for the millennium's completion: telesthe (V-APS-3S, aorist passive subjunctive) at 20:3,5 and 20:7 — 'should be fulfilled/are expired.' The passive voice means the thousand years are completed by God's sovereign timing, not by any action of Satan or the saints.
Semantic categories: narrative closure, prophetic fulfillment, eschatological completion
Key verses: Rev 20:3, Rev 20:5, Rev 20:7, Rev 11:7, John 19:30
Relevance: Three occurrences in Rev 20 mark the millennium's temporal boundaries: 20:3 (till fulfilled), 20:5 (until finished), 20:7 (when expired). All passive voice — the millennium's duration is divinely determined.
G4442 — pyr¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4442-pyr.md
Occurrences: 73
Greek neuter noun meaning 'fire.' 73 unique verses across 14 books. 25 in Revelation (34% of all uses). Rev 20:9 fire from heaven devours the post-millennium armies. Rev 20:10,14,15 lake of fire (limne tou pyros) — the destination of Satan, beast, false prophet, death, Hades, and the unsaved. The lake of fire = the second death (20:14).
Semantic categories: eschatological punishment, divine theophany, cosmic judgment, testing/purifying
Key verses: Rev 20:9, Rev 20:10, Rev 20:14, Rev 20:15
Relevance: Fire appears at two post-millennium moments: (1) fire from heaven consuming the Gog/Magog armies (20:9, paralleling Ezek 39:6), (2) lake of fire as the second death (20:10,14,15). The lake of fire is Revelation's final judgment destination.
H3117 — yowm¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H3117-yowm.md
Occurrences: 2742
Hebrew masculine noun meaning 'day.' 2742 tokens (1926 unique verses, most frequent Hebrew time-word). At Num 14:34 and Ezek 4:6 appears in the yom lashshanah formula ('day for the year'). The LXX renders ~77% of yom as hemera (G2250). Prophetic/eschatological use: 'the day of the LORD' in prophetic books.
Semantic categories: calendar day, historical period, day of the LORD, prophetic day
Key verses: Num 14:34, Ezek 4:6, Gen 1:5
Relevance: Foundation unit in the day-year principle. The yom lashshanah formula at Num 14:34 and Ezek 4:6 establishes the day-for-year ratio. The 1260 'days' of Rev 11:3 and 12:6 use the Greek equivalent hemera.
G2250 — hemera¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2250-hemera.md
Occurrences: 388
Greek feminine noun meaning 'day.' 388 tokens (365 unique verses) across 23 books. 21 in Revelation. Used in prophetic time: 1260 hemeras (Rev 11:3, 12:6), hemeras treis kai hemisy (3.5 days, Rev 11:9,11). Primary Hebrew equivalent: yowm (H3117) with 1485 LXX co-occurrences.
Semantic categories: calendar day, eschatological day, prophetic time unit, historical epoch
Key verses: Rev 11:3, Rev 12:6, Rev 11:9, Rev 11:11
Relevance: The unit of the 1260-day expression. Hemera (not etos) is chosen for prophetic time in Revelation — the word 'year' is deliberately avoided in prophetic time expressions.
H8141 — shaneh¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H8141-shaneh.md
Occurrences: 972
Hebrew feminine noun meaning 'year.' 972 tokens (647 unique verses) across 32 books. Used in regnal dating, lifespan formulas, sabbatical/jubilee structures. Dan 9:2 uses shanah for 'seventy years' but Dan 7:25 does NOT use shanah for the prophetic formula (uses Aramaic iddan instead). The Aramaic equivalent is H8140 shenah.
Semantic categories: calendar/liturgical year, age/lifespan, regnal dating, prophetic periods
Key verses: Num 14:34, Ezek 4:6, Dan 9:2, Jer 25:11-12
Relevance: Pfandl's point #5: shanah appears in Daniel for historical years (Dan 9:2, 'seventy years') but NOT in the prophetic time formulas (Dan 7:25 uses iddan, Dan 12:7 uses moed). The deliberate absence of 'year' vocabulary from prophetic time expressions supports the symbolic-time interpretation.
G1325 — didomi¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1325-didomi.md
Occurrences: 430
Greek verb meaning 'to give.' 430 tokens (377 unique verses). The divine passive edothe (V-API-3S) is a signature Revelation construction marking God's sovereign permission. Appears across the time-period passages: Rev 11:1 (reed given to John), 11:2 (court given to Gentiles), 13:5 (mouth+authority given to beast ×2), 13:7 (war-ability+authority given ×2), 12:14 (wings given to woman). The SAME divine passive grants both hostile authority and preservation means.
Semantic categories: divine passive/sovereign permission, delegation of authority, gracious provision
Key verses: Rev 13:5, Rev 13:7, Rev 12:14, Rev 11:1-3, Rev 20:4
Relevance: SP080 divine passive symmetry: the same verb form (edothe) grants the beast its persecution authority (13:5,7) AND the woman her escape means (12:14 edothesan). Voice shift: 11:3 uses doso (future active 1st person = God directly commissioning) for the witnesses. Three different voices of didomi across the time-period passages reveal different agency layers.
G5142 — trepho¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5142-trepho.md
Occurrences: 8
Greek primary verb meaning 'to nourish, feed, bring up.' 8 NT occurrences across 5 books. Both Revelation uses in ch. 12: trephosin (V-PAS-3P, present active subjunctive, 12:6) vs trephetai (V-PPI-3S, present passive indicative, 12:14). The voice shift from active ('they nourish her') to passive ('she is nourished') in describing the same event is a key recapitulation indicator.
Semantic categories: divine provision for creation, wilderness nourishment, child-rearing
Key verses: Rev 12:6, Rev 12:14, Mat 6:26
Relevance: The trepho voice shift between 12:6 (active, 'they feed') and 12:14 (passive, 'she is nourished') is one of five shared elements (VP162) proving recapitulation within Rev 12. The active voice has unnamed plural agents; the passive foregrounds the woman as recipient of divine care.
G3961 — pateo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3961-pateo.md
Occurrences: 5
Greek verb meaning 'to tread, trample.' Only 5 NT occurrences (3 in Revelation, 2 in Luke). Rev 11:2 patesousin (V-FAI-3P) — Gentiles 'shall tread under foot' the holy city for 42 months. All Revelation uses involve hostile/authoritative trampling. Hostile-exclusive vocabulary: pateo never appears in preservation contexts.
Semantic categories: hostile trampling, authority over enemies, eschatological judgment
Key verses: Rev 11:2, Rev 14:20, Luke 21:24
Relevance: Pateo is hostile-exclusive — appears only in 42-month passages (Rev 11:2) and winepress judgment (Rev 14:20), never in 1260-day preservation passages. Luke 21:24 uses pateo for 'Jerusalem trodden down of the Gentiles' — same vocabulary field as Rev 11:2. This supports the subject-expression differentiation pattern (SP079).
G3376 — men¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3376-men.md
Occurrences: 18
Greek masculine noun meaning 'month.' 18 occurrences across 5 books. Rev 11:2 and 13:5 use menas in the 42-month expression (menas tessarakonta dyo, accusative of duration). The month is the unit for the hostile-subject time expressions.
Semantic categories: calendar month, prophetic time unit
Key verses: Rev 11:2, Rev 13:5
Relevance: The unit of the 42-month expression. Both 42-month passages use menas (accusative plural) — months for hostile subjects, days for preservation subjects.
H6256 — eth¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/H6256-eth.md
Occurrences: 379
Hebrew feminine noun meaning 'time, occasion.' 379 tokens (258 unique verses) across 33 books. The general Hebrew time-word NOT used in Daniel's prophetic formulas. Daniel uses iddan (Aramaic) and moed (Hebrew) instead. Eth appears in Daniel for general time expressions ('at that time,' 'time of the end') but never in the prophetic duration formulas.
Semantic categories: general time/occasion, appointed moment, time of the end
Key verses: Dan 12:1, Dan 12:4, Ecc 3:1
Relevance: The deliberate non-use of eth in Dan 7:25/12:7's prophetic formula — replaced by iddan/moed — suggests the prophetic-time vocabulary is specialized and distinct from ordinary time-language.
G1849 — exousia¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1849-exousia.md
Occurrences: 103
Greek feminine noun meaning 'authority, power, right.' 103 tokens (93 unique verses). Rev 13:5 edothe autoi exousia poiesai menas 42 ('authority was given to him to act 42 months'). Rev 13:7 edothe autoi exousia ('authority given over every tribe'). Rev 20:6 the second death ouk echei exousian ('has no authority') over first-resurrection participants.
Semantic categories: delegated authority, supernatural powers, right/privilege
Key verses: Rev 13:5, Rev 13:7, Rev 20:6
Relevance: Exousia in the 42-month passages describes delegated hostile authority — the beast acts only within God's sovereign permission (edothe). At Rev 20:6 exousia switches to describe what the second death LACKS — no authority over those in the first resurrection.
G4160 — poieo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4160-poieo.md
Occurrences: 597
Greek verb meaning 'to do, make.' 597 tokens (518 unique verses). At Rev 13:5 poiesai (V-AAN, aorist active infinitive) + menas tessarakonta dyo = 'to act/continue 42 months' — the poieo + accusative of duration idiom (BDAG 4.2, 'to spend/stay/continue for a duration'). Also at Rev 13:7 poiesai polemon = 'to make war.'
Semantic categories: performing action, duration idiom, creative making
Key verses: Rev 13:5, Rev 13:7
Relevance: The poiesai + accusative duration idiom at Rev 13:5 is covered in the grammar reference aorist-infinitive-accusative-of-duration.md. The construction packages the beast's entire 42-month career as one bounded act seen from outside.
G254 — halysis¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G254-halysis.md
Occurrences: 10
Greek feminine noun meaning 'chain, fetter.' 10 verses across 6 books. Rev 20:1 halysin megalen ('a great chain') — the instrument of Satan's binding. The chain is described as 'great' (megale), emphasizing the supernatural scale of the confinement.
Semantic categories: physical restraints, prison chains, apocalyptic binding instrument
Key verses: Rev 20:1, Mark 5:3-4, Acts 12:6-7
Relevance: The instrument of Satan's binding. Mark 5:3-4 shows chains could not restrain the demoniac (supernatural breaking); Rev 20:1's 'great chain' succeeds because the angel's authority exceeds Satan's power.
G988 — blasphemia¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G988-blasphemia.md
Occurrences: 19
Greek feminine noun meaning 'vilification, blasphemy, evil speaking.' 19 tokens (18 unique verses) across 9 books. 5 in Revelation (highest concentration). Rev 13:5 edothe autoi stoma laloun megala kai blasphemias — the beast's mouth speaks 'great things and blasphemies.' The blasphemy vocabulary is exclusive to the 42-month hostile passages. Prophecy of blasphemy: Rev 13:1,5,6; 16:9,11,21; 17:3.
Semantic categories: speech against God, beast's speech, prophetic blasphemy
Key verses: Rev 13:5, Rev 13:6, Rev 13:1, Dan 7:25, Mat 12:31
Relevance: Blasphemia appears in the 42-month hostile vocabulary cluster (Rev 13:5-6) but never in the 1260-day preservation passages. This supports the subject-expression differentiation pattern (SP079): hostile vocabulary clusters with 42-month expression.