Strong's Lookups
================================================================ STRONG'S LOOKUPS Source: library entries (bible-studies/word-studies/) ================================================================
All critical Strong's numbers for this study HAVE LIBRARY ENTRIES; no fresh --lookup queries were needed. Library file paths listed below for reference.
| Strong's | Lemma | Library file | Used at |
|---|---|---|---|
| H5087 | nadar | H5087-nadar.md | Jdg 11:30 (verb) |
| H5088 | neder | H5088-neder.md | Jdg 11:30, 39 (noun) |
| H5927 | 'alah | H5927-alah.md | Jdg 11:31 Hiphil |
| H5930 | 'olah | H5930-olah.md | Jdg 11:31 burnt-off. |
| H2076 | zabach | H2076-zabach.md | ABSENT at Jdg 11:39 |
| H2763 | charam | H2763-charam.md | Lev 27:28-29 |
| H2764 | cherem | H2764-cherem.md | Lev 27:28 |
| H1330 | bethulah | H1330-bthuwlah.md | Jdg 11 implicit |
| H1331 | bethulim | H1331-bthuwliym.md | Jdg 11:37-38 |
| H3045 | yada' | H3045-yada.md | Jdg 11:39 |
| H5144 | nazar | H5144-nazar.md | Num 6 parallel |
| H8567 | tanah | H8567-tanah.md | Jdg 11:40 / Jdg 5:11 |
| H2403 | chattaah | H2403-chattaah.md | Lev 5 atonement |
| H7311 | rum | H7311-ruwm.md | semantic field |
| H8199 | shaphat | H8199-shaphat.md | Jdg 12:7 (Jephthah) |
| H3173 | yachiyd | H3173-yachiyd.md | Jdg 11:34 / Gen 22:2 |
| H6187 | 'erek | H6187-erek.md | Lev 27:2-8 (redemption) |
| H6942 | qadash | H6942-qadash.md | dedication semantics |
| H5414 | natan | H5414-nathan.md | 1 Sam 1:11 Hannah |
| H3318 | yatsa | H3318-yatsa.md | Jdg 11:31 hayyotze |
================================================================ KEY LEXICAL FINDINGS FROM LIBRARY ENTRIES ================================================================
H3318 yatsa hayyotze participle referent-scope (Jdg 11:31): - Out of 51 Qal ms absolute participle forms in OT, approx distribution: - Human individual (~14): named person exits a place - Human collective (~20): military/civic "going out" - Offspring from loins (4): Gen 15:4, Gen 17:6, 1 Ki 8:19, 2 Chr 6:9 - YHWH/divine agent (~5): Isa 26:21 etc. - Inanimate/natural (~15): rivers, lightning, word-from-mouth - Animal subject: ZERO direct cases - Specifically, "hayyotze + lo + lo-qeratiti" / "coming out to meet me" + "doors of my house" is UNIQUE to Jdg 11:31 in the OT. Closest idiomatic neighbors (Num 27:17 "goeth out and cometh in"; 1 Ki 3:7; Prov 7:15) invariably describe HUMAN leadership/social movement. - The formulaic frame SKEWS strongly toward a HUMAN referent (per the library entry): "The grammatical pattern yotze + liqrati ('coming out to meet me') is itself strongly human — meeting (qara / liqrat) is a social act performed by persons, not animals, across its ~100 OT occurrences." - COUNTER-POINT (from the Josephus paraphrase in Ant. 5.7.10): "what living creature soever should first meet him" — Josephus takes the participle as GENERIC creature, not specifically human. The Hebrew pattern + Gileadite house-courtyard setting (livestock sometimes kept inside family compounds) could admit a wider referent, but the GRAMMATICAL DEFAULT is human.
H3173 yachiyd (Jdg 11:34): - 12 OT occurrences — LXX splits as ἀγαπητός (7x, in sacrifice/mourning frames — Gen 22:2, 12, 16 Isaac; Jdg 11:34; Jer 6:26; Amos 8:10; Zech 12:10) and μονογενής (4x, in the Psalmist's "one irreplaceable life" frame). - Jdg 11:34 is the ONLY OT verse where LXX uses BOTH ἀγαπητή AND μονογενής (paired — "only [and] beloved") — importing the full Akedah-echo vocabulary into the Jephthah narrative. - 42% of yachid occurrences cluster in "only-child-threatened-with- sacrifice" contexts: Gen 22 (Isaac averted), Jdg 11 (Jephthah's daughter — contested), Zech 12:10 (Messianic pierced one — arrested by resurrection).
H6187 'erek (Lev 27:2-8 redemption valuation): - 35 OT tokens in 29 verses; 20 of those in Leviticus (Lev 27 redemption tariff + Lev 5 trespass-offering). - The canonical off-ramp: "Lev 27:1-8 establishes the canonical Torah mechanism for discharging a vow that has devoted a person to YHWH: (1) the vow is binding, (2) but the person is not to be literally offered; instead the priest assigns a silver valuation, (3) the poverty clause scales the tariff, (4) only objects placed under cherem are non-redeemable. The category EXPLICITLY CONTEMPLATES THE SCENARIO OF JDG 11 — a hastily-sworn person-vow. Torah's answer is: pay the priestly valuation. The silver discharges the vow; the person goes home."
H5414 natan vs H5927 Hiphil 'alah (vow-verb contrast): - natan laYHWH + kol yemei chayyav = Hannah/Levite LIVING-SERVICE dedication - Hiphil 'alah + 'olah (burnt offering) = technical cultic immolation - Jdg 11:31 uses HAYAH laYHWH (plain) + Hiphil 'alah + 'olah (technical sacrificial collocation). Neither Hannah-pattern (natan) nor Lev 27:2 person-vow-pattern (yaphli neder + 'erek) is lexically present.
H1331 bethulim (abstract virginity-state): - 10 OT tokens in 9 verses. Every occurrence describes a LIVING woman's sexual status (Lev 21:13 priestly marriage; Deut 22:14-20 bride-defamation trial; Ezek 23:3, 8 figurative of Israel's youth; Jdg 11:37-38 Jephthah's daughter) — NONE describes a deceased woman. The abstract plural signals "state of virginity as a CONDITION," the condition Jephthah's daughter mourns for TWO MONTHS.
H8567 tanah (dis legomenon): - Only Jdg 5:11 (Piel impf. "they shall recount") and Jdg 11:40 (Piel inf. const.) — confined to Judges. - LXX splits: Jdg 5:11 → διηγέομαι (recount); Jdg 11:40 → θρηνεῖν (lament). - The 5:11 control is CELEBRATIVE — "they shall rehearse the righteous acts of the LORD." If Jdg 5:11 governs Jdg 11:40, the annual rite is celebrative commemoration, not funeral lament. - Syntactic frame in 11:40: ל (of interest) + bat-Yiftach, NOT עַל (of object-of-mourning). One mourns עַל someone; one recounts ל someone.
H2076 zabach: - 127 OT verses, 149 tokens; the standard sacrifice-slaughter verb. - CONSPICUOUS ABSENCE from Jdg 11:39. The narrator does not say "wayyizbahch et bitto" ("and he sacrificed his daughter"). Instead: wayya'as (plain "do/make") — a lexical restraint that cannot be read as the equivalent of a sacrifice-verb elsewhere.
H2763 charam / H2764 cherem: - The PUBLIC JUDICIAL BAN category (Achan, Amalek, Arad-cities). - Lev 27:28-29 explicitly restricts non-redemption + death-penalty to cherem cases. Lev 27:1-8 covers ordinary neder — ALL redeemable. - Num 21:2 Israel's vow uses charam (not olah); it is a LAWFUL public judicial ban. NOT a precedent for private person-immolation. - Jephthah's vow is נֶדֶר (Jdg 11:30: "vayyiddar Yiphtach NEDER la-YHWH"), NOT חֵרֶם. So Lev 27:28-29 does not apply; Lev 27:1-8 does.