Word Studies¶
Question¶
Does the New Testament repeat the same three-part pattern (gospel call, expose false system, warn of judgment) before Revelation 14? Examine: John the Baptist's ministry, Jesus' ministry, Stephen's speech in Acts 7, Paul at Athens (Acts 17:22-31), Paul to Rome (Rom 1-3).
G2097 — euangelizo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2097-euangelizo.md
Occurrences: 61
To announce good news, evangelize. 88% middle voice — the evangelist personally engages. Used in Luke 3:18 to label John's ENTIRE message (including judgment warnings) as gospel. The basar→euangelizo LXX bridge connects to OT good tidings.
Semantic categories: gospel proclamation, good news announcement, missionary preaching
Key verses: Luke 3:18, Rev 14:6, Acts 8:4, Gal 1:8, Heb 4:2
Relevance: Luke 3:18 uses euangelizo (imperfect middle) to describe John's entire message including judgment warnings as gospel. This parallels Rev 14:6 where the judgment announcement IS the everlasting gospel.
G2098 — euangelion¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2098-euangelion.md
Occurrences: 77
The gospel, the good message. Used in Rev 14:6 as euangelion aionion (everlasting gospel), Rom 1:16 (gospel is power of God), Rom 2:16 (according to my gospel). The noun denotes the content of the proclamation.
Semantic categories: good message content, gospel of kingdom, power of God
Key verses: Rev 14:6, Rom 1:16, Rom 2:16, Mark 1:14-15, 1 Cor 15:1
Relevance: The key content word — what the first angel carries (euangelion aionion) and what Paul explicitly ties to judgment (kata to euangelion mou, Rom 2:16).
G2920 — krisis¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2920-krisis.md
Occurrences: 47
Judgment — a decision, tribunal, justice. From krino (G2919). Used in Rev 14:7 (hora tes kriseos — hour of judgment), Matt 23:33 (krisis of geenna). Bridges OT riyb/mishpat through the LXX.
Semantic categories: judicial process, day of judgment, divine justice, court of justice
Key verses: Rev 14:7, Matt 23:33, John 5:24, Matt 12:41
Relevance: The central judgment term in the first angel's message. The riyb-to-krisis bridge (documented in 3am-02 and TR-riyb-krisis) means Rev 14:7 carries the full weight of the OT covenant lawsuit tradition.
G2919 — krino¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2919-krino.md
Occurrences: 132
To judge, to separate, to distinguish. Used in Acts 17:31 (krinen ten oikoumenen — judge the world), Rom 2:16 (God judges secrets), Rom 3:6 (how shall God judge the world).
Semantic categories: judicial activity, distinguishing, condemning
Key verses: Acts 17:31, Rom 2:16, Rom 3:6, John 5:22
Relevance: The verb form of the judgment concept. Acts 17:31 uses krino for Paul's judgment announcement at Athens; Rom 2:16 ties it to 'my gospel.'
G3340 — metanoeo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3340-metanoeo.md
Occurrences: 36
To repent — to think differently afterward, to change one's mind for the better. First NT occurrence Matt 3:2 (John's first word). Central to every NT preaching instance. Heaviest concentration in Revelation (10 of 32 uses).
Semantic categories: kingdom proclamation entry condition, divine command, apocalyptic refusal to repent
Key verses: Matt 3:2, Matt 4:17, Acts 2:38, Acts 17:30, Rev 2:5
Relevance: Central to the gospel-call element of every NT preaching instance. Acts 17:30 commands 'all men everywhere to repent' — universal scope matching Rev 14:6.
G3709 — orge¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3709-orge.md
Occurrences: 36
Wrath — properly, desire extended to violent passion. Used in Matt 3:7 (flee from orge to come), Rom 1:18 (orge theou revealed), 1 Thess 1:10 (orge erchomene — coming wrath).
Semantic categories: divine settled wrath, eschatological judgment, judicial punishment
Key verses: Matt 3:7, Rom 1:18, 1 Thess 1:10, Rev 6:16-17
Relevance: The wrath vocabulary appearing in John's preaching (Matt 3:7), Paul's theology (Rom 1:18), and 1 Thess 1:10. Bridges OT chemah/H639 through LXX.
G2372 — thumos¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2372-thumos.md
Occurrences: 18
Fury, fierceness, wrath — from thyo (to rush/breathe hard). Distinguished from orge as more passionate eruption. 10 of 18 NT occurrences in Revelation. Rev 14:10 uses thumos tou theou (fury of God).
Semantic categories: divine fury, apocalyptic judgment, passionate indignation
Key verses: Rev 14:10, Rev 14:19, Rev 15:1, Rev 16:1
Relevance: Rev 14:10 thumos tou theou connects through the chemah-thumos bridge (documented in TR-chemah-thymos and 3am-02) to the OT wrath tradition.
G4352 — proskyneo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4352-proskyneo.md
Occurrences: 65
To worship, to prostrate oneself in homage. Used in Rev 14:7 (proskynesate — worship the Creator) and Rev 14:9,11 (worship the beast). LXX renders Hebrew shachah (H7812).
Semantic categories: divine worship, false worship, prostration
Key verses: Rev 14:7, Rev 14:9, Rev 14:11, Matt 4:10, John 4:24
Relevance: The worship polarity — proskyneo the Creator (first angel) vs. proskyneo the beast (third angel). The shachah-proskyneo bridge documented in TR-shachah-proskyneo.
G5399 — phobeo¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5399-phobeo.md
Occurrences: 110
To fear, to reverence. Used in Rev 14:7 as phobethete ton theon (fear God). Bridges OT yare through the LXX.
Semantic categories: reverent fear, terror, godly awe
Key verses: Rev 14:7, Matt 10:28, Luke 12:5
Relevance: The opening command of the first angel's message. The yare-phobeo bridge documented in TR-yare-phobeo.
G2784 — kerysso¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2784-kerysso.md
Occurrences: 63
To herald, to proclaim as a public crier. 74% active voice. First occurrence Matt 3:1 (John kerysso). Used of John, Jesus, Peter, Paul — the standard preaching verb. The herald speaks with delegated authority.
Semantic categories: authoritative proclamation, herald function, missionary preaching
Key verses: Matt 3:1, Matt 4:17, Mark 1:14, Acts 8:5, 1 Cor 1:23
Relevance: The preaching verb used across all NT episodes — John (Matt 3:1), Jesus (Matt 4:17), apostles. Establishes continuity of the proclamation function.
G2782 — kerygma¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2782-kerygma.md
Occurrences: 8
Proclamation, what is preached. The noun form of kerysso. Used in Matt 12:41 of Jonah's preaching, 1 Cor 1:21, 15:14 of apostolic preaching. Dodd's analysis reconstructs this as the core apostolic message pattern.
Semantic categories: formal proclamation content, apostolic message, prophetic announcement
Key verses: Matt 12:41, 1 Cor 1:21, 1 Cor 15:14, Rom 16:25
Relevance: Dodd's kerygma analysis identifies the consistent pattern across apostolic preaching — the formal content that maps to the three-part structure.
G1484 — ethnos¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1484-ethnos.md
Occurrences: 164
Nation, people, race. Used in Rev 14:6 (panti ethnei — every nation), Acts 17:26 (all nations), Rom 1:5 (obedience among all nations). The universal scope of the gospel message.
Semantic categories: nations, Gentiles, peoples
Key verses: Rev 14:6, Acts 17:26, Rom 1:5, Matt 24:14
Relevance: The universal scope marker — present in the first angel's message AND in all NT preaching episodes.
G1497 — eidolon¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1497-eidolon.md
Occurrences: 11
Idol — an image for worship. From eidos (form/appearance). Used in Acts 7:41 (golden calf), 1 Thess 1:9 (turned from idols), Acts 17:16 (city full of idols). The exposure object in the second-angel-parallel episodes.
Semantic categories: false worship objects, heathen gods, images
Key verses: Acts 7:41, 1 Thess 1:9, Acts 17:16, 1 Cor 8:4, 1 John 5:21
Relevance: The exposure element across multiple episodes targets idolatry: Stephen exposes the golden calf (Acts 7:41), Paul confronts Athenian idols (17:16), Thessalonians turned FROM idols (1 Thess 1:9), Romans exposes idolatry (1:23).
G4098 — pipto¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4098-pipto.md
Occurrences: 93
To fall, to collapse. Used in Rev 14:8 (epesen Babylon — Babylon is fallen). The verb of Babylon's collapse.
Semantic categories: physical falling, judgment collapse, prostration
Key verses: Rev 14:8, Rev 18:2, Matt 7:27
Relevance: The verb of the second angel's announcement — Babylon IS FALLEN. The aorist tense declares the fall as accomplished fact.
G166 — aionios¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G166-aionios.md
Occurrences: 71
Eternal, everlasting — pertaining to an age or ages. Used in Rev 14:6 (euangelion aionion — everlasting gospel). The gospel is not new but eternal.
Semantic categories: eternal duration, age-spanning, perpetual
Key verses: Rev 14:6, John 3:16, Matt 25:46, Rom 6:23
Relevance: Modifies euangelion in Rev 14:6 — the everlasting gospel. The pattern being traced through the NT is not a new invention but the eternal gospel recurring.
G1831 — exerchomai¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1831-exerchomai.md
Occurrences: 230
To come out, to go forth. Used in Rev 18:4 (exelthate ex autes — come out of her). Bridges OT yatsa (H3318) — the separation-from-Babylon call.
Semantic categories: departure, separation, deliverance
Key verses: Rev 18:4, 2 Cor 6:17
Relevance: The yatsa-exerchomai bridge (documented in 3am-02) connects the OT come-out-of-Babylon call to Rev 18:4. The separation element is implicit in the second angel.
G1391 — doxa¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1391-doxa.md
Occurrences: 168
Glory — opinion, estimation, honor, splendor. Used in Rev 14:7 (dote auto doxan — give him glory) and Rom 1:23 (changed the glory of the incorruptible God). Glory given vs. glory exchanged.
Semantic categories: divine glory, honor, splendor
Key verses: Rev 14:7, Rom 1:23, John 17:5
Relevance: Rev 14:7 commands 'give glory to him.' Rom 1:23 describes the antiparallel: they 'changed the glory' of God into images. The glory exchange is the heart of the idolatry exposure.
G3759 — ouai¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G3759-ouai.md
Occurrences: 47
Woe — a primary exclamation of grief. Matthew 14 occurrences, Luke 15, Revelation 14. In Matt 23 used as the prophetic denunciation formula against scribes and Pharisees (7x). In Revelation shifts to cosmic lament and eschatological events.
Semantic categories: prophetic denunciation, judgment on unrepentant, eschatological lament, reversal woes
Key verses: Matt 23:13, Matt 23:23, Matt 23:27, Matt 11:21, Rev 8:13, Rev 18:10
Relevance: Jesus' seven woes in Matt 23 use ouai as the prophetic denunciation formula — the systematic exposure element. The OT prophetic 'woe oracle' genre (Isa 5, Hab 2) is the precedent. Collocates with hupokrites (G5273) 7 times.
G5273 — hupokrites¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5273-hupokrites.md
Occurrences: 20
Hypocrite — from hupokrinomai (to act a part, to play a role). 15 of 20 occurrences in Matthew. The theatrical metaphor: outward performance concealing inner reality. Central to Jesus' seven-woe exposure in Matt 23.
Semantic categories: performative religion, self-righteous judgment, systematic exposure
Key verses: Matt 23:13, Matt 23:15, Matt 23:23, Matt 23:25, Matt 23:27, Matt 23:29
Relevance: Central to the exposure element in Jesus' Matt 23 discourse. The false system Jesus exposes is religious hypocrisy — the Pharisaic system of outward conformity concealing inner corruption.
G4644 — sklerotrochelos¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4644-sklērotráchēlos.md
Occurrences: 1
Stiff-necked — hapax legomenon in NT (Acts 7:51). Compound of skleros (hard) + trachelos (neck). LXX uses it 5x for Israel as a people collectively resistant to God. Stephen invokes the full covenant lawsuit tradition.
Semantic categories: national obstinacy, rejection pattern, covenant lawsuit language
Key verses: Acts 7:51
Relevance: Stephen's climactic accusation uses this Deuteronomic covenant term (Deut 9:6 LXX), invoking the riyb pattern documented in 3am-02. The stiff-necked designation connects Stephen's indictment to the OT covenant lawsuit tradition.
G496 — antipipto¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G496-antipíptō.md
Occurrences: 2
To fall against, to resist — compound of anti (against) + pipto (fall). Only 2 NT occurrences (both Acts). Present active indicative in Acts 7:51 — 'ye do always resist' — ongoing, continuous resistance against the Holy Spirit.
Semantic categories: active opposition to God, deliberate spiritual resistance
Key verses: Acts 7:51
Relevance: The present tense in Acts 7:51 (antipiptete) indicates not a one-time act but a persistent pattern of resistance — 'ye do ALWAYS resist.' This reinforces Stephen's argument that Israel's rejection pattern is continuous.
G5610 — hora¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G5610-hora.md
Occurrences: 108
Hour — literal clock hour, the decisive moment, appointed eschatological moment, unknown moment. In Rev 14:7 'the hour of his judgment is come' — the appointed eschatological moment has arrived. In John's Gospel, Jesus' 'hour' is the Christological turning point.
Semantic categories: literal clock hour, decisive moment, appointed eschatological moment, unknown moment
Key verses: Rev 14:7, Rev 3:10, Rev 14:15, John 12:23, Matt 24:36
Relevance: Rev 14:7 uses hora as the appointed eschatological moment — 'the hour of his judgment IS COME.' The temporal distinction between NT preaching (judgment anticipated) and Rev 14:7 (judgment arrived) is encoded in this word.
G2316 — theos¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2316-theos.md
Occurrences: 1343
God — the supreme divinity. Used throughout the study in Creator contexts (Acts 17:24, Rev 14:7) and judgment contexts (Rom 1:18, 2:16).
Semantic categories: supreme deity, Creator, Judge
Key verses: Acts 17:24, Rev 14:7, Rom 1:18, Rom 2:16
Relevance: The consistent God-concept across all episodes: Creator (Acts 17:24 = Rev 14:7), Judge (Rom 2:16, Acts 17:31), object of true worship.
G4102 — pistis¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4102-pistis.md
Occurrences: 244
Faith — persuasion, conviction, trust. Used in Rev 14:12 (pistis Iesou — faith of Jesus), Rom 1:17 (from faith to faith).
Semantic categories: trust, conviction, faithfulness
Key verses: Rev 14:12, Rom 1:17, Heb 11:1
Relevance: Rev 14:12 pairs commandment-keeping with faith of Jesus. The result clause of the three-part pattern.
G1411 — dynamis¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1411-dynamis.md
Occurrences: 120
Power, ability, strength. Used in Rom 1:16 (dynamis theou — power of God unto salvation) and Luke 1:17 (dynamei Heliou — power of Elijah).
Semantic categories: divine power, miracle power, ability
Key verses: Rom 1:16, Luke 1:17, 1 Cor 1:18
Relevance: Links the gospel to divine power (Rom 1:16) and John the Baptist to Elijah (Luke 1:17 — 'in the spirit and POWER of Elijah').
G2250 — hemera¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2250-hemera.md
Occurrences: 388
Day — a natural day, a period of time. Used in Acts 17:31 (estesen hemeran — appointed a day) and Rom 2:5 (hemera orges — day of wrath).
Semantic categories: eschatological day, appointed time, judgment day
Key verses: Acts 17:31, Rom 2:5, 2 Tim 4:8
Relevance: The temporal marker in Acts 17:31 — God 'appointed a day' (estesen hemeran, aorist). This is the day anticipated by NT preachers; Rev 14:7 uses hora (hour) to announce it has arrived.
G932 — basileia¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G932-basileia.md
Occurrences: 162
Kingdom — royal power, reign, kingdom. Used in Matt 3:2 (basileia ton ouranon — kingdom of heaven is at hand) and Matt 4:17.
Semantic categories: divine reign, messianic kingdom
Key verses: Matt 3:2, Matt 4:17, Mark 1:15, Matt 24:14
Relevance: The gospel-call vocabulary of John and Jesus: 'the kingdom of heaven is at hand.' The kingdom announcement is the gospel element.
G266 — hamartia¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G266-hamartia.md
Occurrences: 174
Sin — missing the mark, deviation from God's standard. Used throughout Romans 1-3 as the universal condition exposed.
Semantic categories: moral failure, universal condition
Key verses: Rom 3:9, Rom 3:23, 1 Cor 15:3
Relevance: The universal condition that the exposure element reveals: all have sinned (Rom 3:23). The judgment is justified because sin is universal.
G1343 — dikaiosyne¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G1343-dikaiosyne.md
Occurrences: 92
Righteousness — judicial equity, justness. Used in Rom 1:17 (righteousness of God revealed), Acts 17:31 (judge in righteousness), Acts 24:25 (reasoned of righteousness).
Semantic categories: divine justice, imputed righteousness, moral rectitude
Key verses: Rom 1:17, Acts 17:31, Acts 24:25
Relevance: Links the gospel (God's righteousness revealed, Rom 1:17) to judgment (judge in righteousness, Acts 17:31). Paul before Felix reasons of 'righteousness, temperance, judgment' — three connected concepts.
G2631 — katakrima¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G2631-katakrima.md
Occurrences: 3
Condemnation — an adverse sentence. Only 3 occurrences (Rom 5:16, 5:18, 8:1). Distinguished from krisis (judicial process) — katakrima is the verdict itself.
Semantic categories: adverse judicial verdict
Key verses: Rom 5:16, Rom 8:1
Relevance: The distinction between krisis (process) and katakrima (adverse verdict) clarifies that believers face krisis but not katakrima (Rom 8:1) — judgment is evaluative, not automatically condemnatory.
G4283 — proeuangelizomai¶
Source: D:/bible/bible-studies/word-studies/G4283-proeuangelizomai.md
Occurrences: 1
To preach the gospel beforehand. Hapax in Gal 3:8 — 'the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham.'
Semantic categories: anticipatory gospel
Key verses: Gal 3:8
Relevance: The gospel was preached BEFORE (pro-) to Abraham — supporting the thesis that the three-part pattern is the 'everlasting gospel,' not a new invention.