Word Studies¶
Phase 1 Vocabulary — Inauguration¶
G1457 — enkainizo (inaugurate/dedicate)¶
Original: ἐγκαινίζω Transliteration: enkainizo Definition: To renew, inaugurate, dedicate, consecrate NT Occurrences: Only 2 — Heb 9:18 and Heb 10:20
Parsing in context: - Heb 9:18: enkekainistai — Perfect Passive Indicative 3S ("was dedicated/has been inaugurated"). The perfect tense indicates a completed past action with ongoing results. The first covenant was inaugurated and remains in its inaugurated state. - Heb 10:20: enekainisen — Aorist Active Indicative 3S ("he inaugurated"). The aorist captures the single, definitive act. Christ inaugurated a new and living way through the veil.
LXX Background: Used for Solomon's temple dedication (1 Ki 8:63), house dedication (Deut 20:5), and general inaugurations. Related noun enkainia (G1456) = Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah, John 10:22). Root: kainos (new) — inauguration makes something new/fresh.
Significance: This is the ONLY NT verb explicitly linking Christ's work to sanctuary dedication/inauguration. Its exclusive appearance in Hebrews and complete absence from Revelation is evidence that Revelation's sanctuary scenes are NOT about inauguration.
H4886 — mashach (to anoint)¶
Original: מָשַׁח Definition: To rub with oil, to anoint; by implication to consecrate Occurrences: 69 in OT Key uses: Anointing tabernacle (Exo 40:9-11; Lev 8:10-12); anointing priests (Exo 40:13,15); anointing kings (1 Sam 16:12-13); Dan 9:24 "to anoint the most Holy" (mashach qodesh qodashim) Significance: Root of "Messiah" (mashiach = anointed one). Dan 9:24 creates a deliberate wordplay: the Messiah (mashiach) would anoint (mashach) the most holy (qodesh qodashim). Links Christ's identity to His inaugural role.
G4274 — prodromos (forerunner)¶
Definition: One who runs ahead; a forerunner Only NT occurrence: Heb 6:20 — "Whither the forerunner is for us entered, even Jesus" Significance: Inauguration language — one who opens the way for others to follow. Does NOT fit DOA typology where the high priest entered ALONE (Lev 16:17).
Phase 2 Vocabulary — Intercession¶
G1793 — entygchano (to intercede)¶
Original: ἐντυγχάνω Definition: To chance upon; to confer with; by extension to intercede, make petition NT Occurrences: 5 total - Acts 25:24 — "have dealt with me" (secular petition) - Rom 8:27 — the Spirit "maketh intercession" for saints - Rom 8:34 — Christ "maketh intercession" for us (at right hand of God) - Rom 11:2 — Elijah "maketh intercession" against Israel (negative) - Heb 7:25 — Christ "ever liveth to make intercession [entygchanein, present active infinitive]" for them
Parsing in Heb 7:25: The present tense infinitive (entygchanein) indicates ongoing, continuous action. Christ's intercession is not a one-time event but a perpetual ministry. Combined with pantote (always) and zon (present participle of zao, "living"), the verse emphasizes unceasing, life-sustained intercession.
G3875 — parakletos (advocate/comforter)¶
Definition: One called alongside; an advocate, intercessor, comforter NT Occurrences: 5 — John 14:16,26; 15:26; 16:7 (Holy Spirit as Comforter); 1 John 2:1 (Jesus Christ as "advocate with the Father") Significance: In 1 John 2:1, the legal/courtroom meaning is primary — Christ is the defense attorney before the Father. This maps to Phase 2 intercessory ministry.
G3316 — mesites (mediator)¶
Original: μεσίτης Definition: A go-between, internunciator, mediator NT Occurrences: 6 - Gal 3:19,20 — Moses as mediator of the law - 1 Tim 2:5 — "one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus" - Heb 8:6 — "mediator of a better covenant" - Heb 9:15 — "mediator of the new testament" - Heb 12:24 — "Jesus the mediator of the new covenant"
Significance: Mediator language spans the entire ministry — Christ is mediator of the covenant throughout all phases, but the active mediation/advocacy function maps primarily to Phase 2.
Phase 3 Vocabulary — Judgment¶
G2920 — krisis (judgment)¶
Original: κρίσις Definition: Decision, judgment (subjectively or objectively, for or against) NT Occurrences: 48 (BLB count) Key occurrences in Hebrews/Revelation: - Heb 9:27 — "after this the judgment [krisis]" - Heb 10:27 — "fearful looking for of judgment [krisis]" - Rev 14:7 — "the hour of his judgment [krisis] is come" (elthen, aorist — the hour HAS come) - Rev 16:7 — "true and righteous are thy judgments" - Rev 18:10 — "in one hour is thy judgment [krisis] come" - Rev 19:2 — "true and righteous are his judgments [kriseis]"
Rev 14:7 parsing: elthen (ἦλθεν) = Aorist Active Indicative 3S of erchomai. The aorist tense presents the coming of judgment as a completed, definitive event — it HAS arrived. Not future ("will come") but past/present ("has come/is come").
G2511 — katharizo (to cleanse/purify)¶
Original: καθαρίζω Definition: To cleanse, purify (literally or figuratively) NT Occurrences: 30 (BLB) Key in Hebrews: Heb 9:14 (purge conscience); 9:22 (almost all purged with blood); 9:23 (heavenly things purified — katharizesthai, present passive infinitive) LXX connection: Translates Hebrew taher (H2891) in Levitical purification contexts, especially Lev 16:19,30 (DOA purification)
H3722 — kaphar (to atone/cover)¶
Original: כָּפַר Definition: To cover; to expiate, condone, placate, cancel; make atonement Occurrences: 102 in OT (BLB) In Lev 16: Used 16 times! (v.6,10,11,16,17,18,20,24,27,30,32,33,34) — the dominant verb of the DOA Significance: The sheer frequency in Lev 16 marks this as THE Phase 3 verb. Translated "make atonement" throughout.
H6663 — tsadaq (to be righteous/vindicated)¶
Used in Dan 8:14: nitsdaq (Niphal) — "be cleansed" (KJV) / "be vindicated" (literal) Significance: NOT a purification verb (taher) but a forensic/legal verb — the sanctuary is declared righteous/vindicated. This is the judicial OUTCOME of the Phase 3 purification.
Phase 4 Vocabulary — Emergence/Appearing¶
G3708 — horao (to see/appear)¶
In Heb 9:28: ophthesetai — Future Passive Indicative 3S ("he shall be seen / shall appear") Significance: Future tense — the only future-tense verb in Heb 9:28's sequence (offered = aorist ptcp; bear = aorist inf; shall appear = future). This marks Phase 4 as STILL FUTURE from the author's perspective. "Appear the second time" (ek deuterou) — the second visible manifestation of Christ.
G553 — apekdechomai (to eagerly await)¶
In Heb 9:28: apekdechomenois — Present Middle/Passive Participle DPM Significance: Those who "eagerly await" him — present tense indicates ongoing expectation. The waiting community corresponds to the waiting congregation on the DOA (Lev 16:17 — no one in the tabernacle UNTIL the high priest comes out).
Vocabulary Distribution Across Phases¶
| Phase | Key Vocabulary | Location |
|---|---|---|
| 1-Inauguration | enkainizo (G1457), mashach (H4886), qadash (H6942), prodromos (G4274) | Heb 9:18; 10:20; Exo 40; Dan 9:24 |
| 2-Intercession | entygchano (G1793), parakletos (G3875), mesites (G3316), leitourgos (G3011) | Heb 7:25; 8:2; 1 Jn 2:1; Rom 8:34 |
| 3-Judgment | krisis (G2920), katharizo (G2511), kaphar (H3722), tsadaq (H6663) | Rev 14:7; Heb 9:23,27; Dan 8:14; Lev 16 |
| 4-Emergence | horao/ophthesetai (G3708), apekdechomai (G553), deuteros (G1208) | Heb 9:28; Rev 19:11-16 |
Each phase has DISTINCT vocabulary — the Bible itself marks the phases with different word families.