Raw Hebrew Parsing Output¶
Daniel 8:14¶
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י עַ֚ד עֶ֣רֶב בֹּ֔קֶר אַלְפַּ֖יִם וּשְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵאֹ֑ות וְנִצְדַּ֖ק קֹֽדֶשׁ׃
וַיֹּאמֶר אמר Verb.Qal.Wayq.3ms say
אֵלַי אל Prep.+1us to
עַד עד Prep unto
עֶרֶב ערב Noun.ms.Abs evening
בֹּקֶר בקר Noun.ms.Abs morning
אַלְפַּיִם אלף Noun.d.Abs thousand
וּשְׁלֹשׁ שׁלשׁ Noun.s.Cst three
מֵאֹות מאה Noun.fp.Abs hundred
וְנִצְדַּק צדק Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms be just *** KEY: Niphal Perfect ***
קֹדֶשׁ קדשׁ Noun.ms.Abs holiness
CRITICAL NOTE: נִצְדַּק (nitsdaq) = Niphal Perfect 3ms of צדק (tsadaq) - Niphal stem = passive/reflexive: "shall be vindicated/declared righteous" - NOT taher (cleanse) or kaphar (atone) -- Daniel chose forensic/legal vocabulary - Paired with קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh, holiness/sanctuary) as subject
Daniel 9:24¶
שָׁבֻעִים שִׁבְעִים נֶחְתַּךְ עַל־עַמְּךָ וְעַל־עִיר קָדְשֶׁךָ...
Key words:
נֶחְתַּךְ חתך Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms be determined
לְכַלֵּא כלה Verb.Piel.InfCon be complete (finish transgression)
לְהָתֵם תמם Verb.Hiphil.InfCon be complete (seal up sins)
לְכַפֵּר כפר Verb.Piel.InfCon cover (make atonement)
וּלְהָבִיא בוא Verb.Hiphil.InfCon come (bring in)
צֶדֶק צדק Noun.ms.Cst justice/righteousness *** KEY: same root as 8:14 ***
עֹלָמִים עולם Noun.mp.Abs eternity (everlasting)
וְלַחְתֹּם חתם Verb.Qal.InfCon seal (vision and prophecy)
וְלִמְשֹׁחַ משׁח Verb.Qal.InfCon smear/anoint
קֹדֶשׁ קדשׁ Noun.ms.Cst holiness
קָדָשִׁים קדשׁ Noun.mp.Abs holiness (Most Holy)
NOTE: צֶדֶק עֹלָמִים (tsedeq olamim) = "everlasting righteousness" -- same root (tsadaq family) as Dan 8:14's nitsdaq. Also קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים (qodesh qadashim) = "Most Holy" echoes the qodesh of 8:14.
Zechariah 3:1¶
וַיַּרְאֵנִי אֶת־יְהֹושֻׁעַ הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדֹול עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה וְהַשָּׂטָן עֹמֵד עַל־יְמִינֹו לְשִׂטְנֹו
יְהֹושֻׁעַ יהושׁע PropN.ms Joshua
הַכֹּהֵן כהן Noun.ms.Abs priest
הַגָּדֹול גדול Adj.ms.Abs great
עֹמֵד עמד Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms stand (standing)
לִפְנֵי פנה Prep + Noun.mp.Cst before (lit. to face of)
מַלְאַךְ מלאך Noun.ms.Cst messenger (angel)
יְהוָה יהוה PropN YHWH
הַשָּׂטָן שׂטן Noun.ms.Abs adversary (THE satan)
עֹמֵד עמד Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms stand (standing)
עַל־יְמִינֹו ימין Prep + Noun.fs+3ms at his right hand
לְשִׂטְנֹו שׂטן Verb.Qal.InfCon+3ms to accuse him (lit. "to-satan-him")
NOTE: הַשָּׂטָן (ha-satan) = "THE adversary" (with article = title/role) The verb לְשִׂטְנֹו (lesitno) = "to accuse/oppose him" -- same root as the noun שָׂטָן Position: "at his right hand" -- the accuser's position in a courtroom
Zechariah 3:2¶
יִגְעַר גער Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms rebuke
הַבֹּחֵר בחר Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms examine/choose (the one choosing)
בִּירוּשָׁלִָם ירושׁלם PropN Jerusalem
אוּד אוד Noun.ms.Abs log/firebrand
מֻצָּל נצל Verb.Hophal.Ptcp.ms deliver (snatched/delivered)
מֵאֵשׁ אשׁ Prep + Noun.s.Abs from fire
Zechariah 3:3¶
יהֹושֻׁעַ יהושׁע PropN.ms Joshua
הָיָה היה Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms was
לָבֻשׁ לבושׁ Adj.ms.Abs clad/clothed
בְּגָדִים בגד Noun.mp.Abs garments
צֹואִים צאי Adj.mp.Abs filthy
עֹמֵד עמד Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms standing
הַמַּלְאָךְ מלאך Noun.ms.Abs the messenger/angel
Zechariah 3:4¶
Key words:
הָסִירוּ סור Verb.Hiphil.Impv.2mp remove/take away
הַבְּגָדִים בגד Noun.mp.Abs the garments
הַצֹּאִים צאי Adj.mp.Abs the filthy
הֶעֱבַרְתִּי עבר Verb.Hiphil.Perf.1s I have caused to pass
עֲוֹנֶךָ עון Noun.ms.Abs+2ms your iniquity
וְהַלְבֵּשׁ לבשׁ Verb.Hiphil.InfAbs to clothe (causative)
מַחֲלָצֹות מחלצות Noun.fp.Abs robes (rich/festival robes)
NOTE: Hiphil of עבר (pass): "I have caused your iniquity to pass from you" -- removal of guilt Hiphil of לבשׁ (clothe): "I will clothe you" -- positive re-robing = vindication by re-garbing
Zechariah 3:5¶
צָנִיף צניף Noun.ms.Abs turban/mitre
טָהֹור טהר Adj.ms.Abs pure/clean
יַּלְבִּשֻׁהוּ לבשׁ Verb.Hiphil.Wayq.3mp+3ms they clothed him
בְּגָדִים בגד Noun.mp.Abs garments
מַלְאַךְ מלאך Noun.ms.Cst messenger
יְהוָה יהוה PropN YHWH
עֹמֵד עמד Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms standing
NOTE: טָהֹור (tahor) from the root טהר (taher) = "clean/pure" -- HERE the cleansing vocabulary appears in connection with vindication. The clean turban replaces filthy garments.
Job 1:6¶
בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים בן + אלהים Noun.mp.Cst + Noun.mp sons of God
לְהִתְיַצֵּב יצב Verb.Hithpael.InfCon to present themselves
עַל־יְהוָה יהוה Prep + PropN before YHWH
הַשָּׂטָן שׂטן Noun.ms.Abs THE adversary
בְּתֹוכָם תוך Noun.ms+3mp in their midst
Job 1:9¶
הַשָּׂטָן שׂטן Noun.ms.Abs THE adversary
הַחִנָּם חנם Adv in vain / for nothing
יָרֵא ירא Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms fear
אִיֹּוב איוב PropN Job
אֱלֹהִים אלהים Noun.mp God
NOTE: הַחִנָּם (ha-chinnam) = "for nothing / gratuitously?" -- Satan's accusation: Job's fear of God is transactional, not genuine
Job 1:12¶
כָל אֲשֶׁר לֹו בְּיָדֶךָ -- "all that he has is in your hand"
רַק אֵלָיו אַל תִּשְׁלַח יָדֶךָ -- "only upon himself do not put forth your hand"
וַיֵּצֵא הַשָּׂטָן מֵעִם פְּנֵי יְהוָה -- "the adversary went out from the presence of YHWH"
Job 9:2¶
מַה יִּצְדַּק אֱנֹושׁ עִם אֵל
יִּצְדַּק צדק Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms be just
אֱנֹושׁ אנושׁ Noun.ms.Abs man
עִם אֵל אל Prep + Noun.ms with God
NOTE: "How shall a man be just (yitsdaq) with God?" -- Qal impf of tsadaq
Job 25:4¶
מַה יִּצְדַּק אֱנֹושׁ עִם אֵל וּמַה יִּזְכֶּה יְלוּד אִשָּׁה
יִּצְדַּק צדק Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms be just
יִּזְכֶּה זכה Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms be clean/pure
NOTE: Parallel between tsadaq (be justified) and zakah (be clean) -- forensic purity
Job 40:8¶
הַאַף תָּפֵר מִשְׁפָּטִי תַּרְשִׁיעֵנִי לְמַעַן תִּצְדָּק
תָּפֵר פרר Verb.Hiphil.Impf.2ms break/annul
מִשְׁפָּטִי משׁפט Noun.ms+1us my justice/judgment
תַּרְשִׁיעֵנִי רשׁע Verb.Hiphil.Impf.2ms+1us condemn me / declare me guilty
תִּצְדָּק צדק Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms be just/be justified
CRITICAL NOTE: God asks Job: "Will you annul MY justice? Will you condemn ME so that YOU may be justified?" - This is the cosmic courtroom in miniature: someone must be declared righteous (tsadaq) - If Job is tsadaq (vindicated), does that make God wrong? - The answer in the book of Job: BOTH can be vindicated -- the real issue is Satan's accusations
Psalms 51:6 (= 51:4 English)¶
לְמַעַן תִּצְדַּק בְּדָבְרֶךָ תִּזְכֶּה בְשָׁפְטֶךָ
תִּצְדַּק צדק Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms be just/justified
בְּדָבְרֶךָ דבר Prep + Verb.Qal.InfCon+2ms in your speaking
תִּזְכֶּה זכה Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms be clean/pure
בְשָׁפְטֶךָ שׁפט Prep + Verb.Qal.InfCon+2ms in your judging
NOTE: "that YOU (God) may be justified (tsadaq) when You speak, and be clear (zakah) when You judge" - David vindicates GOD, not himself - Paul quotes this in Rom 3:4 using dikaioo (G1344) for tsadaq
Isaiah 43:9¶
יִתְּנוּ עֵדֵיהֶם וְיִצְדָּקוּ
יִתְּנוּ נתן Verb.Qal.Impf.3mp give
עֵדֵיהֶם עד Noun.mp+3mp their witnesses
וְיִצְדָּקוּ צדק Verb.Qal.Impf.3mp be justified
NOTE: "Let them bring forth their witnesses, that they may be justified" -- courtroom language: witnesses + vindication
Isaiah 43:26¶
הַזְכִּירֵנִי נִשָּׁפְטָה יָחַד סַפֵּר אַתָּה לְמַעַן תִּצְדָּק
הַזְכִּירֵנִי זכר Verb.Hiphil.Impv.2ms+1us remind me / put me in remembrance
נִשָּׁפְטָה שׁפט Verb.Niphal.Impf.1p let us judge together
סַפֵּר ספר Verb.Piel.Impv.2ms declare/recount
תִּצְדָּק צדק Verb.Qal.Impf.2ms be justified
NOTE: God invites legal proceedings: "Put me in remembrance; let us plead together; declare, that you may be justified (tsadaq)" -- same pattern as courtroom vindication
Isaiah 50:8¶
קָרוֹב מַצְדִּיקִי מִי יָרִיב אִתִּי נַעַמְדָה יָּחַד מִי בַעַל מִשְׁפָּטִי יִגַּשׁ אֵלָי
מַצְדִּיקִי צדק Verb.Hiphil.Ptcp.ms+1us the one who justifies me / my vindicator
יָרִיב ריב Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms contend (in a lawsuit)
נַעַמְדָה עמד Verb.Qal.Impf.1p let us stand together
בַעַל בעל Noun.ms.Cst master/lord of
מִשְׁפָּטִי משׁפט Noun.ms+1us my case/judgment
יִגַּשׁ נגשׁ Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms let him approach
NOTE: מַצְדִּיקִי (matsddiqi) = "He who justifies me" (Hiphil ptcp of tsadaq) -- the vindicator Combined with רִיב (riyb) = "who will contend/bring a lawsuit" This is the Servant speaking -- courtroom vindication by God as advocate
Isaiah 53:11¶
בְּדַעְתֹּו יַצְדִּיק צַדִּיק עַבְדִּי לָרַבִּים וַעֲוֹנֹתָם הוּא יִסְבֹּל
יַצְדִּיק צדק Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms justify/declare righteous
צַדִּיק צדיק Adj.ms.Abs righteous (my righteous...)
עַבְדִּי עבד Noun.ms+1us my servant
לָרַבִּים רב Prep + Adj.mp to the many
וַעֲוֹנֹתָם עון Noun.mp+3mp their iniquities
יִסְבֹּל סבל Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms bear
NOTE: יַצְדִּיק (yatsdiq) = Hiphil imperfect: "shall justify/vindicate many" The righteous servant (tsaddiq) justifies (Hiphil of tsadaq) the many -- three forms of the tsadaq root
Leviticus 16:19¶
וְטִהֲרֹו טהר Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms+3ms cleanse it
וְקִדְּשֹׁו קדשׁ Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms+3ms sanctify it
מִטֻּמְאֹת טמאה Noun.fp.Cst from uncleanness of
בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל the children of Israel
NOTE: taher (Piel) + qadash (Piel) = "cleanse it and sanctify it" -- ritual cleansing vocabulary of Lev 16
Leviticus 16:30¶
יְכַפֵּר כפר Verb.Piel.Impf.3ms cover/atone
לְטַהֵר טהר Verb.Piel.InfCon to cleanse
מִכֹּל חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם from all your sins
לִפְנֵי יְהוָה before YHWH
תִּטְהָרוּ טהר Verb.Qal.Impf.2mp you shall be clean
NOTE: Three key verbs: כפר (kaphar, atone), טהר (taher, cleanse x2) -- ALL Levitical cleansing vocabulary NONE of these appear in Dan 8:14, which uses צדק (tsadaq) = forensic vindication
Micah 6:1¶
רִיב ריב Verb.Qal.Impv.2ms contend (in a legal case)
אֶת הֶהָרִים with/before the mountains
וְתִשְׁמַעְנָה הַגְּבָעֹות and let the hills hear
קֹולֶךָ your voice
Micah 6:2¶
רִיב ריב Noun.ms.Cst lawsuit/controversy
יְהוָה of YHWH
עִם עַמֹּו with his people
יִתְוַכָּח יכח Verb.Hithpael.Impf.3ms argue/plead (reflexive: argue one's case)
NOTE: רִיב יְהוָה (riyb YHWH) = "the LORD's lawsuit/controversy" -- God takes His people to court Mountains and foundations of the earth are called as witnesses