Raw Greek Parsing Output¶
Romans 3:4¶
Greek: μὴ γένοιτο· γινέσθω δὲ ὁ Θεὸς ἀληθής, πᾶς δὲ ἄνθρωπος ψεύστης,
καθάπερ γέγραπται Ὅπως ἂν δικαιωθῇς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου
καὶ νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε.
Key words:
γένοιτο γίνομαι G1096 Aor Mid Opt 3S -- "may it be" (optative of wish: "never!")
γινέσθω γίνομαι G1096 Pres M/P Impv 3S -- "let [God] be [true]"
ἀληθής ἀληθής G227 Nom Sg M -- true
ψεύστης ψεύστης G5583 Nom Sg M -- liar
γέγραπται γράφω G1125 Perf Pass Ind 3S -- "it has been written" (perfect: abiding authority)
δικαιωθῇς δικαιόω G1344 Aor Pass Subj 2S -- "you may be justified/vindicated" *** KEY ***
λόγοις λόγος G3056 Dat Pl M -- in [your] words
νικήσεις νικάω G3528 Fut Act Ind 2S -- "you will overcome/conquer"
κρίνεσθαί κρίνω G2919 Pres Pass Inf -- "when you are judged"
CRITICAL NOTE: δικαιωθῇς (dikaiothes) = Aorist Passive Subjunctive of dikaioo - Passive: God is VINDICATED BY OTHERS (not vindicating Himself) - Subjunctive with ὅπως ἄν: purpose clause -- "in order that you may be vindicated" - Paul quotes Psalm 51:4 (LXX 50:6) where Hebrew has tsadaq - νικήσεις (nikeseis) = "you will overcome" when judged -- God wins the trial
Romans 8:33¶
Greek: τίς ἐγκαλέσει κατὰ ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ; Θεὸς ὁ δικαιῶν·
Key words:
τίς τίς G5101 Nom Sg M -- "Who?"
ἐγκαλέσει ἐγκαλέω G1458 Fut Act Ind 3S -- "will bring a charge/accusation" *** KEY ***
κατὰ κατά G2596 PREP -- against
ἐκλεκτῶν ἐκλεκτός G1588 Gen Pl M -- the elect/chosen ones
Θεοῦ θεός G2316 Gen Sg M -- of God
δικαιῶν δικαιόω G1344 Pres Act Ptcp Nom M -- "the one justifying/vindicating" *** KEY ***
CRITICAL NOTE: - ἐγκαλέσει (enkalesei) = legal term: "bring a formal charge against" -- courtroom accusation - δικαιῶν (dikaion) = Present Active Participle: "the [continuously] justifying one" -- God as ongoing vindicator - The courtroom roles: accuser (tis = who?), accused (eklekton = elect), judge/advocate (Theos ho dikaion = God the justifier)
Romans 8:34¶
Greek: τίς ὁ κατακρινῶν; Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς ὁ ἀποθανών, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐγερθείς,
ὅς ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὃς καὶ ἐντυγχάνει ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν.
Key words:
κατακρινῶν κατακρίνω G2632 Fut Act Ptcp Nom M -- "the one who will condemn"
ἀποθανών ἀποθνῄσκω G599 Aor Act Ptcp Nom M -- "having died"
ἐγερθείς ἐγείρω G1453 Aor Pass Ptcp Nom M -- "having been raised"
ἐντυγχάνει ἐντυγχάνω G1793 Pres Act Ind 3S -- "intercedes/makes petition" *** KEY ***
ὑπὲρ ὑπέρ G5228 PREP -- on behalf of
ἡμῶν ἐγώ G1473 Gen Pl -- us
CRITICAL NOTE: - κατακρινῶν (katakrinon) = "who will condemn" -- opposite of dikaioo (justify) - ἐντυγχάνει (entynchanei) = Present Active: Christ CURRENTLY intercedes -- ongoing legal representation - Christ's courtroom credentials: died (atoning), raised (vindicated), at right hand (position of authority), intercedes (advocate function)
Revelation 12:10¶
Greek: ...ὅτι ἐβλήθη ὁ κατήγωρ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν,
ὁ κατηγορῶν αὐτοὺς ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός.
Key words:
ἐβλήθη βάλλω G906 Aor Pass Ind 3S -- "was cast [down]"
κατήγωρ κατήγορος G2725 Nom Sg M -- "accuser" (formal legal term) *** KEY ***
ἀδελφῶν ἀδελφός G80 Gen Pl M -- of the brothers/brethren
κατηγορῶν κατηγορέω G2723 Pres Act Ptcp Nom M -- "the one accusing" *** KEY ***
ἐνώπιον ἐνώπιον G1799 PREP -- before (in the presence of)
ἡμέρας ἡμέρα G2250 Gen Sg F -- day
νυκτός νύξ G3571 Gen Sg F -- night
CRITICAL NOTE: - κατήγωρ (kategor) = formal legal term: "prosecutor/plaintiff/accuser" - κατηγορῶν (kategoron) = Present Active Participle: "the one [continuously] accusing" - ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ (enopion tou Theou) = "before God" -- heavenly courtroom setting - ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός (hemeras kai nyktos) = "day and night" -- unceasing prosecution - This verse explicitly identifies Satan as courtroom accuser (kategor) in the heavenly tribunal
Revelation 15:3¶
Greek: ...Μεγάλα καὶ θαυμαστὰ τὰ ἔργα σου, Κύριε ὁ Θεός ὁ Παντοκράτωρ·
δίκαιαι καὶ ἀληθιναὶ αἱ ὁδοί σου, ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν ἐθνῶν·
Key words:
δίκαιαι δίκαιος G1342 Nom Pl F -- "just/righteous" *** KEY ***
ἀληθιναὶ ἀληθινός G228 Nom Pl F -- "true"
ὁδοί ὁδός G3598 Nom Pl F -- "ways"
Παντοκράτωρ παντοκράτωρ G3841 Nom Sg M -- "Almighty/All-Ruling"
Βασιλεὺς βασιλεύς G935 Nom Sg M -- "King"
ἐθνῶν ἔθνος G1484 Gen Pl N -- "of the nations"
NOTE: δίκαιαι (dikaiai) from dikaios -- same root family as dikaioo (G1344) The heavenly hosts declare God's ways δίκαιαι καὶ ἀληθιναί ("just and true") -- this IS vindication
Revelation 16:5¶
Greek: Δίκαιος εἶ, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν, ὁ Ὅσιος, ὅτι ταῦτα ἔκρινας
Key words:
Δίκαιος δίκαιος G1342 Nom Sg M -- "Righteous/Just" *** KEY ***
ὢν εἰμί G1510 Pres Act Ptcp Nom M -- "the one who is"
ἦν εἰμί G1510 Impf Act Ind 3S -- "the one who was"
Ὅσιος ὅσιος G3741 Nom Sg M -- "Holy/Pious"
ἔκρινας κρίνω G2919 Aor Act Ind 2S -- "you judged"
NOTE: Direct declaration: "Righteous (Dikaios) are You" -- God vindicated in His judgments ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν = "the One who is and who was" -- eternal character vindicated
Revelation 19:2¶
Greek: ὅτι ἀληθιναὶ καὶ δίκαιαι αἱ κρίσεις αὐτοῦ·
ὅτι ἔκρινεν τὴν πόρνην τὴν μεγάλην...
καὶ ἐξεδίκησεν τὸ αἷμα τῶν δούλων αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῆς.
Key words:
ἀληθιναὶ ἀληθινός G228 Nom Pl F -- "true"
δίκαιαι δίκαιος G1342 Nom Pl F -- "righteous/just" *** KEY ***
κρίσεις κρίσις G2920 Nom Pl F -- "judgments" *** KEY ***
ἔκρινεν κρίνω G2919 Aor Act Ind 3S -- "He judged"
ἐξεδίκησεν ἐκδικέω G1556 Aor Act Ind 3S -- "He avenged/vindicated" *** KEY ***
CRITICAL NOTE: - ἀληθιναὶ καὶ δίκαιαι αἱ κρίσεις = "true and righteous [are] his judgments" - ἐξεδίκησεν (exedikesen) from ekdikeo = "vindicate/avenge" -- contains the dik- root - This is the FINAL VERDICT: the universe declares God's judgments righteous -- cosmic vindication complete