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What does "vindication" mean in sanctuary theology? How do tsadaq (H6663) and its derivatives frame the sanctuary as a cosmic courtroom where God, His law, His people, and His plan are all on trial?

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JUDGMENT

  • THE GENERAL: 1CH 16:33; JOB 14:17; 21:30; 31:13-15; PSA 9:7; 50:3-6; 96:13; 98:9; ECC 3:17; 11:9; 12:14; EZK 18:20-28; DAN 7:9,10; AMO 4:12; MAT 3:12; 7:22,23; 8:29; 10:15; 11:22; 12:36,37,41,42; 13:30,40-43,49,50; 16:27; 22:11-13; 23:14; 25:1-46; MRK 4:22; 8:38; 13:32; LUK 3:17; 10:10-14; 11:31,32; 12:2-5; 13:24-29; 19:12-26; 20:45-47; JHN 5:22; 12:48; ACT 2:19-21; 10:42; 17:31; 24:25; ROM 2:5-10,12-16; 14:10-12; 1CO 3:13; 4:5; 6:2; 2CO 5:10; 2TH 1:7,8; 2TI 4:1,8; HEB 6:2; 9:27; 10:27; 1PE 4:5,7; 2PE 2:4,9; 3:7,10-12; 1JN 4:17; Jude 1:6,14,15,24; REV 1:7; 6:15-17; 11:18; 20:11-15; 22:12
  • ACCORDING TO OPPORTUNITY AND WORKS: GEN 4:7; JOB 34:11; PRO 11:31; 12:14; 24:11,12; PSA 62:12; ISA 3:10,11; 5:1-6,15,16; 24:2; 28:24-28; 59:18; JER 17:10,11; 32:19; EZK 7:3,4,27; 9:4-6; 16:59; 18:4-9,19-32; 33:18-20; 39:24; HOS 4:9; 12:2; AMO 3:2; ZEC 1:6; MAT 10:14,15; 11:24; 12:37; 21:33-36; 23:14; 25:14-30; MRK 6:11; 14:21; LUK 9:5; 10:12-15; 11:49-51; 12:47,48; 13:6-9; 19:12-27; 20:47; 21:1-4; JHN 3:19,20; 5:45; 9:41; 12:48; 15:22,24; ROM 2:5-12,27; 1CO 3:8,12-15; 4:5; 2CO 2:15,16; 11:15; GAL 6:5-10; EPH 6:7,8; COL 3:25; 1TI 1:13; 2TI 4:14; HEB 2:2,3; 10:26-30; 12:25; JAS 2:12,13; 1PE 1:17; 2PE 2:20,21; REV 2:23; 20:12,13

SATAN

  • Called Abaddon (Hebrew: Destroyer) REV 9:11
  • The accuser of our brethren REV 12:10
  • The adversary 1PE 5:8
  • The angel of the bottomless pit REV 9:11
  • Apollyon (Greek: Destroyer) REV 9:11
  • Beelzebul MAT 12:24; MRK 3:22; LUK 11:15
  • Belial 2CO 6:15
  • The Devil MAT 4:1; LUK 4:2,6; REV 20:2
  • Our common enemy MAT 13:39
  • The father of all lies JHN 8:44
  • Great red dragon REV 12:3
  • The liar JHN 8:44
  • The murderer JHN 8:44
  • That old serpent REV 12:9; 20:2
  • The power of darkness COL 1:13
  • The prince: Of this world JHN 12:31; 14:30; 16:11; Of demons MAT 12:24; Of the power of the air EPH 2:2
  • Ruler of the darkness of this world EPH 6:12
  • Satan 1CH 21:1; JOB 1:6; JHN 13:27; ACT 5:3; 26:18; ROM 16:20
  • The serpent GEN 3:4,14; 2CO 11:3
  • The spirit that works in all disobedient people EPH 2:2
  • The Tempter MAT 4:3; 1TH 3:5
  • The god of this world 2CO 4:4
  • The wicked one MAT 13:19,38
  • Kingdom of, to be destroyed 2SA 23:6,7
  • The synagogue of REV 2:9; 3:9
  • UNCLASSIFIED SCRIPTURES: GEN 3:1,4,5,14,15; 1CH 21:1; JOB 1:6,7,9-12; 2:3-7; 9:24; PSA 109:6; ZEC 3:1,2; MAT 4:1-11; 9:34; 13:19,38,39; 25:41; MRK 1:13; 3:22-26; 4:15; LUK 4:1-13; 8:12; 10:18; 11:15,18; 13:16; 22:31,53; JHN 8:38,41,44; 12:31; 13:2,27; 14:30; 16:11; ACT 5:3; 13:10; 26:18; ROM 16:20; 1CO 7:5; 2CO 2:11; 4:4; 11:3,14,15; 12:7; EPH 2:2; 4:27; 6:11-16; COL 1:13; 2:15; 1TH 2:18; 3:5; 2TH 2:9; 1TI 1:20; 3:6,7; 5:15; 2TI 2:26; HEB 2:14; JAS 4:7; 1PE 5:8,9; 2PE 2:4; 1JN 2:13; 3:8,10,12; 5:18; Jude 1:6-9; REV 2:9,10,13,24; 3:9; 9:11; 12:9-12; 20:1-3,7,8,10

ACCUSATION, FALSE

  • General scriptures: EXO 23:1,7; LEV 19:16; PSA 41:5-9; MAT 5:11; LUK 3:14; 2TI 3:3; 1PE 4:14
  • KEY INCIDENTS:
  • Satan falsely accuses Job: JOB 1:9,10; 2:4,5
  • Against Jesus: MAT 9:34; 10:25; 12:2-14; 26:59-61; MRK 3:22; 14:53-65; LUK 23:2; JHN 18:30
  • Against Paul: ACT 17:7; 21:28; 24:5,6,13; 25:2,7; ROM 3:8

SANCTUARY

  • The Holy of Holies
  • In the tabernacle HEB 9:2
  • Divine dwelling place EXO 25:8
  • Reverence for LEV 19:30; 26:2
  • In the charge of high priest EXO 27:21; LEV 24:3; NUM 18:5
  • The Holy Place in the temple LAM 2:7,20; EZK 42:20
  • FIGURATIVE EZK 11:16
  • Symbolical HEB 8:2,5

TABERNACLE

  • Pattern revealed to Moses: EXO 25:9; 26:30; 39:32,42,43; ACT 7:44; HEB 8:5
  • Materials voluntarily offered: EXO 25:1-8; 35:4-29; 36:3-7
  • The Holy Place: EXO 26:31-37; 40:22-26; HEB 9:2-6,8
  • The Most Holy Place: EXO 26:33-35; 40:20,21; HEB 9:3-5,7,8
  • Sprinkled with blood: LEV 16:15-20; HEB 9:21,23
  • Filled with the cloud of glory: EXO 40:34-38
  • Symbol of spiritual things: PSA 15:1; HEB 8:2,5; 9:1-12,24

ATONEMENT

  • DAY OF:
  • Time of: EXO 30:10; LEV 23:27; 25:9; NUM 29:7
  • How observed: EXO 30:10; LEV 16:2-34; 23:27-32; NUM 29:7-11; ACT 27:9; HEB 5:3; 9:7,19,22
  • MADE BY ANIMAL SACRIFICES: EXO 29:36; 30:12-16; LEV 1:4; 4:20,22-35; 5:6-10; 6:7; 9:7; 10:17; 12:6-8; 14:12-32; 16:6,10,11,15-19,24-34; 17:11; 19:22; NUM 15:22-28; 28:22,30; 29:5,10,11; HEB 9:22
  • MADE BY JESUS:
  • Divinely ordained: LUK 2:30,31; GAL 4:4,5; EPH 1:3-12; COL 1:19,20; 1PE 1:20; REV 13:8
  • Made but once: HEB 7:27; 9:24-28; 10:10,12,14; 1PE 3:18
  • Redemption by: MAT 20:28; ACT 20:28; GAL 3:13; 1TI 2:6; HEB 9:12; REV 5:9
  • UNCLASSIFIED: PSA 40:6,7; ISA 53:4-12; DAN 9:24-27; ZEC 13:1; MAT 26:28; ROM 3:24-26; 4:25; 5:1,2,6-11; 1CO 1:17,18; 2CO 5:18,19; EPH 1:7; 2:13-18; HEB 1:3; 2:9,17; 9:12-15; 10:1-20; 12:24; 13:12,20,21; 1PE 1:18-20; 2:24; 1JN 1:7; 2:2; REV 1:5; 5:9; 7:14; 12:11

RIGHTEOUSNESS

  • By faith: GEN 15:6; ROM 4:3,5,9,11,13,20,22,24
  • Garment of: JOB 29:14; MAT 22:11-14
  • FRUITS OF: DEU 6:25; JOS 22:31; PSA 1:3; 15:1-5; 24:3-5; 101:3,4; 106:3; 112:4-8; PRO 2:5-20; 10:2,16; 11:5,6,18,19,30; 12:28; 13:6; 14:34; 21:3; 29:7; ISA 28:17; 32:16-18; 33:15-17; 55:12,13; 58:6-14; 62:1; EZK 18:5-9; 33:15; DAN 12:3; HOS 10:12; MAL 3:3; 4:2; MAT 5:20; 12:35,50; ROM 5:1-5; 6:19-22; 7:4-6; 8:4-6; 14:17-19; GAL 5:22,23; EPH 5:9; PHP 1:11

COURT

  • ECCLESIASTICAL: 1CH 26:29-32; 2CH 19:8-11; MAT 18:15-18; JHN 20:23
  • CIVIL:
  • Held at the tabernacle: NUM 27:2
  • The gates of cities: DEU 21:19; 22:15; 25:7; JOS 20:4; RUT 4:1; ZEC 8:16
  • Composition and procedure: EXO 18:25,26; DEU 1:15-17; 17:9; RUT 4:2-5; 1CH 26:29-32; 2CH 19:8-11
  • JUSTICE REQUIRED: EXO 23:2,3,6-8; DEU 1:16,17; 25:1; 2CH 19:5-10
  • CORRUPT: PRO 17:15; 29:26; ISA 1:23; 5:23; 10:1,2; MIC 3:11; 7:3; ZEP 3:3; MAT 26:59-62; 27:18-26
  • ACCUSED SPOKE IN OWN DEFENSE: JER 26:11-16; MRK 15:3-5; ACT 4:8-12,18-20; 5:29-32; 7:1-56; 23:1-7; 26:1-32

JUDGE

  • CHARACTER OF, AND PRECEPTS: EXO 18:21,22; 22:9,28; LEV 19:15; DEU 1:12-17; 16:18-20; 17:8-11; 19:16-19; 25:1-3; 1SA 2:25; 8:3; 1KI 3:9; 2CH 19:5-10; PSA 58:1,2; 72:1,2,4,12-14; 82:2-4; PRO 24:23; ISA 5:22,23; 28:5,6; EZK 44:24; DAN 9:12; MIC 7:3; ZEP 3:3; JHN 7:24

PRIEST

  • BEFORE MOSES: Melchizedek GEN 14:18; HEB 5:6,10,11; 6:20; 7:1-21
  • HIGH PRIEST DUTIES:
  • Had charge of the sanctuary and altar: NUM 18:2,5,7
  • To offer sacrifices: HEB 5:1; 8:3
  • On the Day of Atonement: EXO 30:10; LEV 16; HEB 5:3; 9:7,22,23
  • Judicial: NUM 5:15; DEU 17:8-13; 1SA 4:18; HOS 4:4; MAT 26:3,50,57,62; ACT 5:21-28; 23:1-5
  • FIGURATIVE: EXO 19:6; ISA 61:6; 1PE 2:9; REV 1:6; 5:10; 20:6
  • NUM 16:3; DEU 9:4-6; JOB 32:1,2; ROM 10:3
  • Relevant: false vindication -- claiming righteousness apart from God's verdict
  • GEN 6:11-13; 15:1-21; 18:1-22; ISA 1:18; MIC 6:1-9
  • Relevant: God entering into dialogue/legal dispute with His people -- courtroom language