Raw Hebrew Parsing Output
Leviticus 17:11
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Leviticus 17:11
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כִּ֣י נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר֮ בַּדָּ֣ם הִוא֒ וַאֲנִ֞י נְתַתִּ֤יו לָכֶם֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־הַדָּ֥ם ה֖וּא בַּנֶּ֥פֶשׁ יְכַפֵּֽר׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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כִּ֣י כי Conj.+NAN that
נֶ֣פֶשׁ נפשׁ Noun.fs.Cst soul
הַ ה Art.+NAN the
בָּשָׂר֮ בשׂר Noun.ms.Abs flesh
בַּ ב Prep in
ה Art.+NAN the
דָּ֣ם דם Noun.ms.Abs blood
הִוא֒ היא PersPron.3fs.+NAN she
וַ ו Conj.+NAN and
אֲנִ֞י אני PersPron.1s.+NAN i
נְתַתִּ֤יו נתן Verb.Qal.Perf.1s.+3ms give
לָכֶם֙ ל Prep.+2mp to
עַל על Prep upon
הַ ה Art.+NAN the
מִּזְבֵּ֔חַ מזבח Noun.ms.Abs altar
לְ ל Prep to
כַפֵּ֖ר כפר Verb.Piel.InfCon cover
עַל על Prep upon
נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם נפשׁ Noun.fp.Abs.+2mp soul
כִּֽי כי Conj.+NAN that
הַ ה Art.+NAN the
דָּ֥ם דם Noun.ms.Abs blood
ה֖וּא הוא PersPron.3ms.+NAN he
בַּ ב Prep in
ה Art.+NAN the
נֶּ֥פֶשׁ נפשׁ Noun.fs.Abs soul
יְכַפֵּֽר כפר Verb.Piel.Impf.3ms cover
Key observations:
- nephesh (נפשׁ) appears THREE times: (1) "nephesh ha-basar" = soul/life of the flesh; (2) "naphshoteikhem" = your souls (plural, with 2mp suffix); (3) "ba-nephesh" = by/in the soul/life
- dam (דם) appears TWICE: (1) "ba-dam" = in the blood; (2) "ha-dam" = the blood
- kaphar (כפר) appears TWICE, both in PIEL stem: (1) "le-kapper" = Piel Infinitive Construct (to cover/atone); (2) "yekapper" = Piel Imperfect 3ms (it will cover/atone)
- natan (נתן) = "netattiw" = Qal Perfect 1s + 3ms suffix = "I have given it" — God speaking in first person
- The pronoun hiw (היא, 3fs "she") refers back to nephesh (feminine noun) — "the nephesh of the flesh — in the blood she [is]"
- The pronoun hu (הוא, 3ms "he") refers to dam (masculine noun) — "the blood — he in the nephesh atones"
Genesis 4:10
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Genesis 4:10
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וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ קֹ֚ול דְּמֵ֣י אָחִ֔יךָ צֹעֲקִ֥ים אֵלַ֖י מִן־הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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וַ ו Conj.+NAN and
יֹּ֖אמֶר אמר Verb.Qal.Wayq.3ms say
מֶ֣ה מה IntPron.unknown.+NAN what
עָשִׂ֑יתָ עשׂה Verb.Qal.Perf.2ms make
קֹ֚ול קול Noun.ms.Cst sound
דְּמֵ֣י דם Noun.mp.Cst blood
אָחִ֔יךָ אח Noun.ms.Abs.+2ms brother
צֹעֲקִ֥ים צעק Verb.Qal.Ptcp.mp.Abs cry
אֵלַ֖י אל Prep.+1us to
מִן מן Prep from
הָֽ ה Art.+NAN the
אֲדָמָֽה אדמה Noun.fs.Abs soil
Key observations:
- demey (דְּמֵי) = blood in MASCULINE PLURAL CONSTRUCT — "bloods of your brother." The plural is significant: it may indicate multiple drops of blood, or the ongoing "cries" of blood.
- tso'aqim (צֹעֲקִ֥ים) = Qal Participle masculine plural — "crying out." The participle is PLURAL, agreeing with "bloods" (plural), indicating continuous/ongoing action.
- adamah (אדמה) = soil/ground — note the phonetic connection: adam (man) / dam (blood) / adamah (ground). Abel's blood (dam) cries from the ground (adamah).
- The crying blood personifies blood as having a voice (qol), treating blood as a living entity that testifies.
Genesis 9:4
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Genesis 9:4
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אַךְ־בָּשָׂ֕ר בְּנַפְשֹׁ֥ו דָמֹ֖ו לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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אַךְ אך Adv.+NAN only
בָּשָׂ֕ר בשׂר Noun.ms.Abs flesh
בְּ ב Prep in
נַפְשֹׁ֥ו נפשׁ Noun.fs.Abs.+3ms soul
דָמֹ֖ו דם Noun.ms.Abs.+3ms blood
לֹ֥א לא Neg.+NAN not
תֹאכֵֽלוּ אכל Verb.Qal.Impf.2mp eat
Key observations:
- be-napshoh damo = "in its soul/life — its blood" — the blood IS the soul/life (apposition)
- The construction identifies nephesh with dam: "flesh with its nephesh, its dam" — the blood is the nephesh
- This is the earliest explicit blood-life equation in Scripture (Noahic covenant)
Genesis 9:5
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Genesis 9:5
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וְאַ֨ךְ אֶת־דִּמְכֶ֤ם לְנַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ אֶדְרֹ֔שׁ מִיַּ֥ד כָּל־חַיָּ֖ה אֶדְרְשֶׁ֑נּוּ וּמִיַּ֣ד הָֽאָדָ֗ם מִיַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אָחִ֔יו אֶדְרֹ֖שׁ אֶת־נֶ֥פֶשׁ הָֽאָדָֽם׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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וְ ו Conj.+NAN and
אַ֨ךְ אך Adv.+NAN only
אֶת את Prep <object marker>
דִּמְכֶ֤ם דם Noun.ms.Abs.+2mp blood
לְ ל Prep to
נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ נפשׁ Noun.fp.Abs.+2mp soul
אֶדְרֹ֔שׁ דרשׁ Verb.Qal.Impf.1s inquire
מִ מן Prep from
יַּ֥ד יד Noun.s.Cst hand
כָּל כל Noun.ms.Cst whole
חַיָּ֖ה חיה Noun.fs.Abs wild animal
אֶדְרְשֶׁ֑נּוּ דרשׁ Verb.Qal.Impf.1s.+3ms inquire
וּ ו Conj.+NAN and
מִ מן Prep from
יַּ֣ד יד Noun.s.Cst hand
הָֽ ה Art.+NAN the
אָדָ֗ם אדם Noun.ms.Abs human, mankind
מִ מן Prep from
יַּד֙ יד Noun.s.Cst hand
אִ֣ישׁ אישׁ Noun.ms.Cst man
אָחִ֔יו אח Noun.ms.Abs.+3ms brother
אֶדְרֹ֖שׁ דרשׁ Verb.Qal.Impf.1s inquire
אֶת את Prep <object marker>
נֶ֥פֶשׁ נפשׁ Noun.fs.Cst soul
הָֽ ה Art.+NAN the
אָדָֽם אדם Noun.ms.Abs human, mankind
Key observations:
- dimkhem le-naphshoteikhem = "your blood for your lives/souls" — blood and nephesh in apposition again
- edrosh (אֶדְרֹשׁ) = "I will require/inquire" — appears THREE times (God as first person, threefold emphasis): from every beast, from man, from brother
- nephesh ha-adam = "the nephesh/life of the man" — God requires the nephesh (life) of the murderer for the nephesh of the murdered
- adam (אדם) appears twice — connecting to the dam (blood) / adamah (ground) etymology
Genesis 9:6
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Genesis 9:6
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שֹׁפֵךְ֙ דַּ֣ם הָֽאָדָ֔ם בָּֽאָדָ֖ם דָּמֹ֣ו יִשָּׁפֵ֑ךְ כִּ֚י בְּצֶ֣לֶם אֱלֹהִ֔ים עָשָׂ֖ה אֶת־הָאָדָֽם׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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שֹׁפֵךְ֙ שׁפך Verb.Qal.Ptcp.ms.Cst pour
דַּ֣ם דם Noun.ms.Cst blood
הָֽ ה Art.+NAN the
אָדָ֔ם אדם Noun.ms.Abs human, mankind
בָּֽ ב Prep in
ה Art.+NAN the
אָדָ֖ם אדם Noun.ms.Abs human, mankind
דָּמֹ֣ו דם Noun.ms.Abs.+3ms blood
יִשָּׁפֵ֑ךְ שׁפך Verb.Niphal.Impf.3ms pour
כִּ֚י כי Conj.+NAN that
בְּ ב Prep in
צֶ֣לֶם צלם Noun.ms.Cst image
אֱלֹהִ֔ים אלהים Noun.mp.Abs god(s)
עָשָׂ֖ה עשׂה Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms make
אֶת את Prep <object marker>
הָ ה Art.+NAN the
אָדָֽם אדם Noun.ms.Abs human, mankind
Key observations:
- shophekh dam ha-adam (שֹׁפֵךְ דַּם הָאָדָם) = "one who pours out the blood of the man" — Qal participle, describing a class of person (murderer)
- ba-adam damo yishaphekh = "by man his blood shall be poured out" — Niphal (passive) imperfect: capital punishment as divine mandate
- shaphakh (שׁפך) appears twice: active participle (the shedding) and Niphal imperfect (shall be shed) — poetic justice (measure for measure)
- be-tselem elohim = "in the image of God" — the reason blood-shedding is prohibited: human life bears the divine image
- adam (אדם) appears THREE times in one verse, alongside dam (דם) twice — the etymological connection between man, blood, and ground is at maximum density here