Raw Strong's Lookup Data¶
H3722 kaphar (verb, 102 BLB occurrences, 130 total in translation DB)¶
Definition: a primitive root; to cover (specifically with bitumen); figuratively, to expiate or condone, to placate or cancel Translations: appease, make (an atonement, cleanse, disannul, forgive, be merciful, pacify, pardon, purge (away), put off, (make) reconcile(-liation)
Translation Distribution (130 occurrences, 51 unique translations):¶
- 20 (15.4%) "shall make an atonement"
- 18 (13.8%) "to make an atonement"
- 14 (10.8%) "and" (conjunction within longer phrases)
- 10 (7.7%) "and make an atonement"
- 9 (6.9%) "And" (sentence initial)
- 4 (3.1%) "shall"
- 3 (2.3%) "to make atonement"
- 3 (2.3%) "to make reconciliation"
- 3 (2.3%) "be purged"
- 2 (1.5%) "And he shall make an atonement"
- 2 (1.5%) "he shall make an atonement"
- 2 (1.5%) "and to make an atonement"
- 2 (1.5%) "and made an atonement"
- 1 each: "and shalt pitch", "I will appease", "to reconcile", "maketh atonement", "of reconciling", "Be merciful", "shall be forgiven", "and will be merciful", "pardon", "forgave", "and purge away", "is purged", "will pacify it", "purged", "shall be disannulled", "to put it off", "forgive", "when I am pacified", "and purge", "shall they purge", "so shall ye reconcile", "and to make reconciliation", "be cleansed", "shalt purge them away"
Biblical Usage Outline:¶
Genesis 6:14; 32:21 (x2); Exodus 29:33,36,37; 30:10(x4),15,16; 32:30(x2); Leviticus 1:4; 4:20,26(x2),31,35; 5:6,10,13,16(x2),18(x2); 6:23; 7:7(x3); 8:15,34; 9:7; 10:17; 12:7,8; 14:18,19(x2),20,21,29,31,53; 15:15,30; 16:6,10,11,16(x2),17(x2),18,20,24(x2),27,30(x2),32,33(x2),34; 17:11(x2); 19:22(x3); 23:28; Numbers 5:8(x3); 6:11; 8:12,19,21(x2); 15:25,28; 17:11,12; 25:13; 28:22,30; 29:5; 31:50; 35:33(x2); Deuteronomy 21:8(x3); 32:43; 1 Samuel 3:14; 2 Samuel 21:3(x2); 1 Chronicles 6:34; 2 Chronicles 29:24; 30:18; Nehemiah 10:34; Psalms 65:4; 78:38; 79:9; Proverbs 16:6,14(x2); Isaiah 6:7(x2); 22:14(x2); 27:9; 28:18; 43:3; 47:11(x2); Jeremiah 18:23; Ezekiel 16:63(x2); 43:20(x2),26(x2); 45:15,17,20(x2); Daniel 9:24
LXX Translations (key mappings):¶
- G2433 hilaskomai: PMI 6.47, count 4 (direct atonement verb connection)
- G863 aphiemi: PMI 5.55, count 14 (forgive/release)
- G2511 katharizo: PMI 5.18, count 14 (cleanse/purify)
- G266 hamartia: PMI 4.77, count 41 (contextual: sin)
- G4012 peri: PMI 5.20, count 62 (preposition "concerning")
H3725 kippur (noun, 8 BLB occurrences)¶
Definition: from [H3722]; expiation (only in plural): atonement Always plural (kippurim)
Translation Distribution (8 occurrences, 5 unique):¶
- 4 (50%) "of atonement"
- 1 (12.5%) "atonement"
- 1 (12.5%) "of atonements"
- 1 (12.5%) "of the atonement"
- 1 (12.5%) "the"
Biblical Usage: Exodus 29:36; 30:10,16; Leviticus 23:27,28; 25:9; Numbers 5:8; 29:11¶
H3727 kapporeth (noun-f, 27 BLB occurrences)¶
Definition: from [H3722]; a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred Ark): mercy seat
Translation Distribution (27 occurrences, 4 unique):¶
- 22 (81.5%) "the mercy seat"
- 3 (11.1%) "of the mercy seat"
- 1 (3.7%) "a mercy seat"
- 1 (3.7%) "the mercy seatward"
Biblical Usage: Exodus 25:17,18,19,20,21,22; 26:34; 30:6; 31:7; 35:12; 37:6,7,8,9; 39:35; 40:20; Leviticus 16:2,13,14,15; Numbers 7:89; 1 Chronicles 28:11(x2)¶
LXX Translation:¶
- G2435 hilasterion: PMI 9.75, count 16 (THE dominant translation - mercy seat -> propitiation)
- G5502 cheroubim: PMI 9.08, count 6 (contextual: cherubim)
- G2787 kibotos: PMI 5.85, count 10 (contextual: ark)
H3724 kopher (noun-m, 17 BLB occurrences)¶
Definition: from [H3722]; properly, a cover, i.e. (literally) a village (as covered in); (specifically) bitumen (as used for coating), and the henna plant (as used for dyeing); figuratively, a redemption-price: bribe, camphire, pitch, ransom, satisfaction, sum of money, village
Translation Distribution (16 occurrences, 12 unique):¶
- 3 (18.8%) "a ransom"
- 2 (12.5%) "satisfaction"
- 2 (12.5%) "ransom"
- 1 each: "with pitch", "a sum of money", "villages", "bribe", "a ransom for him", "The ransom", "thy ransom", "a bribe"
Biblical Usage: Genesis 6:14; Exodus 21:30(x2); 30:12; Numbers 35:31,32; 1 Samuel 6:18; 12:3; Job 33:24; 36:18; Psalms 49:8(x2); Proverbs 6:35; 13:8; 21:18; Song of Songs 1:14; 4:13; Isaiah 43:3(x2); Amos 5:12¶
Key verses for "ransom": Job 36:18; Proverbs 6:35¶
Key verses for "satisfaction": Numbers 35:31,32¶
LXX Translation:¶
- G3083 lytron: PMI 8.83, count 6 (key connection: kopher -> lytron = ransom price)
H3680 kasah (verb, 152 BLB occurrences)¶
Definition: a primitive root; properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy): clad self, close, clothe, conceal, cover (self), (flee to) hide, overwhelm Note: Parallel covering concept to kaphar. Kasah = physical covering; kaphar = spiritual/ritual covering.
G2435 hilasterion (noun, 2 BLB/NT occurrences)¶
Definition: neuter of a derivative of [G2433]; an expiatory (place or thing)
Translation Distribution (2 occurrences):¶
- 1 "a propitiation" (ROM 3:25)
- 1 "mercyseat" (HEB 9:5)
LXX Usage: Exodus 25:17,18; 37:6; 38:7; Leviticus 16:2 (always = kapporeth/mercy seat)¶
Hebrew Sources:¶
- H3727 kapporeth: PMI 9.75, count 16 (THE primary source)
- H3742 kerub: PMI 6.93, count 7 (contextual: cherubim)
- H5835 azarah: PMI 9.15, count 3 (court/enclosure)
- H5715 eduth: PMI 6.66, count 5 (testimony)
- H727 aron: PMI 5.31, count 6 (ark)
G2433 hilaskomai (verb, 2 NT occurrences)¶
Definition: middle voice from the same as [G2434]; to conciliate, i.e. (transitively) to atone for (sin), or (intransitively) be propitious
Translation Distribution (2 occurrences):¶
- 1 "be merciful" (LUK 18:13)
- 1 "make reconciliation for" (HEB 2:17)
LXX Usage: Exodus 32:14; 2 Kings 5:18; Psalms 25:11; 78:9; 79:9; Proverbs 16:14¶
Hebrew Sources:¶
- H5545 salach: PMI 8.10, count 6 (primary: forgive/pardon)
- H3722 kaphar: PMI 6.47, count 4 (core connection: atone)
G2434 hilasmos (noun, NOT in lexicon DB but found in Greek text)¶
Used in: 1 John 2:2; 1 John 4:10 Translation: "propitiation" in both cases Lemma confirmed by Greek parser output (G2434 hilasmos, N-NSM / N-ASM)
G2643 katallage (noun-f, 4 BLB occurrences)¶
Definition: from [G2644]; exchange (figuratively, adjustment), i.e. restoration to favor
Translation Distribution (4 occurrences, 3 unique):¶
- 2 (50%) "of reconciliation"
- 1 (25%) "atonement" (ROM 5:11 -- the ONLY NT "atonement" in KJV)
- 1 (25%) "the reconciling"
Biblical Usage: Romans 5:11; 11:15; 2 Corinthians 5:18,19(?)¶
Note: NT lexicon lists 3 verses but 4 occurrences. Parser confirms: ROM 5:11 (katallagen), 2CO 5:18 (katallages), 2CO 5:19 (katallages).
G604 apokatallasso (verb, 3 BLB occurrences)¶
Definition: from [G575] and [G2644]; to reconcile fully
Translation Distribution (3 occurrences):¶
- 1 "that he might reconcile" (EPH 2:16)
- 1 "to reconcile" (COL 1:20)
- 1 "hath he reconciled" (COL 1:21)
G3083 lytron (noun, 2 NT occurrences)¶
Definition: from [G3089]; something to loosen with, i.e. a redemption price
Translation Distribution (2 occurrences):¶
- 2 (100%) "a ransom" (MAT 20:28; MRK 10:45)
LXX Usage: Exodus 21:30; Leviticus 19:20; Numbers 35:31; Isaiah 45:13¶
G487 antilytron (noun, 1 NT occurrence)¶
Definition: from [G473] and [G3083]; a redemption-price: ransom
Translation Distribution (1 occurrence):¶
- 1 (100%) "a ransom" (1TI 2:6)
LXX Usage: Psalms 48:9; 49:9¶
Note: The anti- prefix adds substitutionary force: "a ransom IN PLACE OF" / "a corresponding ransom"
G629 apolytrosis (noun-f, 10 NT occurrences)¶
Definition: from compound of [G575] and [G3083]; ransom in full, i.e. (figuratively) riddance, or (specially) Christian salvation
Translation Distribution (10 occurrences, 4 unique):¶
- 6 (60%) "redemption"
- 2 (20%) "the redemption"
- 1 (10%) "of redemption"
- 1 (10%) "deliverance"