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Question

What does "atonement" actually mean in the Hebrew Bible? Analyze the kaphar word family and its Greek equivalents. How do these terms define what happens between God and man through the sanctuary?

Topics

ATONEMENT

  • For tabernacle and furniture LEV 16:15-20,33
  • In consummation of the Levites NUM 8:21
  • For those defiled by the dead NUM 6:11
  • Made for houses LEV 14:53
  • For sin, see below
  • By meat offerings LEV 5:11-13
  • By jewels NUM 31:50
  • By money EXO 30:12-16; LEV 5:15,16; 2KI 12:16
  • By incense NUM 16:46-50
  • By animals, see below
  • By Jesus, see below
  • DAY OF
  • Time of EXO 30:10; LEV 23:27; 25:9; NUM 29:7
  • How observed EXO 30:10; LEV 16:2-34; 23:27-32; NUM 29:7-11; ACT 27:9; HEB 5:3; 9:7,19,22
  • MADE BY ANIMAL SACRIFICES EXO 29:36; 30:12-16; LEV 1:4; 4:20,22-35; 5:6-10; 6:7; 9:7; 10:17; 12:6-8; 14:12-32; 16:6,10,11,15-19,24-34; 17:11; 19:22; NUM 15:22-28; 28:22,30; 29:5,10,11; HEB 9:22
  • MADE BY JESUS
  • Divinely ordained LUK 2:30,31; GAL 4:4,5; EPH 1:3-12,17-22; 2:4-10; COL 1:19,20; 1PE 1:20; REV 13:8
  • A mystery 1CO 2:7
  • With context 1PE 1:8-12
  • Made but once HEB 7:27; 9:24-28; 10:10,12,14; 1PE 3:18
  • Redemption by MAT 20:28; ACT 20:28; GAL 3:13; 1TI 2:6; HEB 9:12; REV 5:9
  • Typified GEN 4:4; with HEB 11:4; GEN 22:2; with HEB 11:17,19; EXO 12:5,11,14; with 1CO 5:7; EXO 24:8; with HEB 9:20; LEV 16:30,34; with HEB 9:7,12,28; LEV 17:11; with HEB 9:22
  • See SALVATION, PLAN OF
  • UNCLASSIFIED SCRIPTURES PSA 40:6,7; ISA 53:4-12; DAN 9:24-27; ZEC 13:1; MAT 26:28; LUK 22:20; 24:46,47; JHN 1:29,36; 6:51; 11:49-51; ACT 17:2,3; 20:28; ROM 3:24-26; 4:25; 5:1,2,6-11,15-21; 1CO 1:17,18,23,24; 15:3; 2CO 5:18,19; GAL 1:3,4; 4:4,5; EPH 1:7; 2:13-18; 5:2,25; COL 1:14,19-22; 1TH 5:9,10; 1TI 2:5,6; TIT 2:14; HEB 1:3; 2:9,17; 9:12-15,25,26; 10:1-20; 12:24; 13:12,20,21; 1PE 1:18-20; 2:24; 3:18; 1JN 1:7; 2:2; 3:5; 4:10; 5:6; REV 1:5; 5:9; 7:14; 12:11

MERCY-SEAT

  • Description of EXO 25:17-22
  • Placed on the ark of the testimony EXO 26:34; 30:6; 31:7; 40:20; HEB 9:5
  • Materials of, to be a freewill offering EXO 35:4-12
  • Made by Bezaleel EXO 37:1,6-9
  • Sprinkled with blood LEV 16:14,15
  • The shekinah upon EXO 25:22; 30:6,36; LEV 16:2; NUM 7:89; 17:4; 1SA 4:4; 2SA 6:2; 2KI 19:15; 1CH 13:6; PSA 80:1; 99:1; ISA 37:16; HEB 4:16
  • In Solomon's temple 1CH 28:11

RANSOM

  • Of a man's life EXO 21:30; 30:12; JOB 36:18; PSA 49:7,8; PRO 6:35; 13:8; HOS 13:14
  • FIGURATIVE JOB 33:24; ISA 35:10; 51:10; MAT 20:28; 1TI 2:6

RECONCILIATION

  • Between man and man MAT 5:23-26
  • Between Esau and Jacob GEN 33:4,11
  • Between Pilate and Herod Antipas LUK 23:12
  • BETWEEN GOD AND MAN LEV 8:15; EZK 45:15; DAN 9:24; ROM 5:1,10; 11:15; 2CO 5:18-21; EPH 2:15-18; COL 1:20-22; HEB 2:17

REDEMPTION

  • Of persons or property LEV 25:25-34; 27:2-13,14-33; RUT 4:3-10
  • Redemption money paid to priests NUM 3:46-51
  • Of the firstborn (see FIRSTBORN)
  • Of land (see JUBILEE)
  • OF OUR SOULS PSA 111:9; 130:7; MAT 20:28; MRK 10:45; LUK 2:38; ACT 20:28; ROM 3:24-26; 1CO 1:30; 6:20; 7:23; GAL 1:4; 2:20; 4:4,5; EPH 1:7; 5:2; COL 1:14,20-22; 1TI 2:6; TIT 2:14; HEB 9:12,15; 1PE 1:18,19; REV 5:9,10

BLOOD

  • Is the life GEN 9:4; LEV 17:11,14; 19:16; DEU 12:23; MAT 27:4,24
  • Forbidden to be used as food GEN 9:4; LEV 3:17; 7:26,27; 17:10-14; 19:26; DEU 12:16,23; 15:23; EZK 33:25; ACT 15:20,29; 21:25
  • Plague of EXO 7:17-25; PSA 78:44; 105:29
  • SACRIFICIAL
  • Without shedding of, no remission HEB 9:22
  • Sprinkled on altar and people EXO 24:6-8; EZK 43:18,20
  • Sprinkled on door posts EXO 12:7-23; HEB 11:28
  • Of sin offering: Sprinkled seven times before the curtain LEV 4:5,6,17; On the horns of the altar of sweet incense EXO 30:10; LEV 4:7,18,25,30; 5:9; 9:9,12
  • Of bullock of sin offering, put on the horns of the altar EXO 29:12; LEV 8:15
  • Of trespass offering: Sprinkled on the altar LEV 7:2
  • Of burnt offering: Sprinkled all around, and upon the altar EXO 29:16; LEV 1:5,11,15; 8:19; DEU 12:27
  • Used for cleansing of leprosy LEV 14:6,7,17,28,51,52
  • Of peace offering: Sprinkled about the altar LEV 3:2,8,13; 9:18
  • Blood of the ram of consecration EXO 29:2,21; LEV 8:23,24,30
  • OF ATONEMENT: Sprinkled on the mercy seat LEV 16:14,15,18,19,27; 17:11
  • OF SACRIFICES, TYPICAL OF THE ATONING BLOOD OF CHRIST HEB 9:6-28
  • OF CHRIST MAT 26:28; MRK 14:24; LUK 22:20; JHN 6:53-56; 19:34; ACT 20:28; ROM 3:24,25; 5:9; 1CO 10:16; 11:25; EPH 1:7; 2:13,16; COL 1:14,20; HEB 9:12-14; 10:19,20,29; 12:24; 13:12,20; 1PE 1:2,18,19; 1JN 1:7; 5:6,8; REV 1:5,6; 5:9; 7:14; 12:11

PURIFICATION

  • (Sanitary and symbolical)
  • For women: Before marriage EST 2:12; After childbirth LEV 12:6-8; LUK 2:22; After menstruation LEV 15:19-33; 2SA 11:4
  • Of the Jews before the Passover celebration JHN 11:55
  • For those who had recently killed someone in battle NUM 31:19-24
  • By fire, for things that resist fire NUM 31:23
  • By blood EXO 24:5-8; LEV 14:6,7; HEB 9:12-14,19-22
  • By abstaining from sexual intercourse EXO 19:15
  • FIGURATIVE PSA 26:6; 51:7; EZK 36:25; HEB 10:22

SCAPEGOAT

  • General scriptures concerning LEV 16:7-10,20-34

VICARIOUS

  • DEATH: The ram for Isaac GEN 22:13; Jesus for sinners (see ATONEMENT)
  • FORGIVENESS (score 0.72 for "reconciliation forgiveness expiation purification sins")
  • REPENTANCE (score 0.64 for same query)
  • CONSECRATION (score 0.44 for "atonement covering kaphar reconciliation blood sacrifice")
  • SANCTUARY (score 0.44 for "blood cleansing sanctuary purging impurity")