Hebrew Parsing — Raw Data¶

Lev 16:2 (Death warning, access restriction)¶

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה דַּבֵּר אֶל־אַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ וְאַל־יָבֹא בְכָל־עֵת אֶל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת אֶל־פְּנֵי הַכַּפֹּרֶת אֲשֶׁר עַל־הָאָרֹן וְלֹא יָמוּת כִּי בֶּעָנָן אֵרָאֶה עַל־הַכַּפֹּרֶת׃

Key parsing:
- וְאַל יָבֹא (ve'al yavo) — Neg.jussive + Qal.Impf.3ms of בוא — "let him not come" (jussive negation = direct prohibition)
- בְכָל עֵת (bekhol et) — "at all times" / "at any time"
- הַקֹּדֶשׁ (ha-qodesh) — "the holy [place]"
- מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת (mi-beit la-parokhet) — "from inside the curtain"
- הַכַּפֹּרֶת (ha-kapporeth) — "the cover/mercy seat" (fs, from כפר root)
- וְלֹא יָמוּת (velo yamuth) — "and not he-will-die" = "that he die not"
- אֵרָאֶה (era'eh) — Niphal.Impf.1s of ראה — "I will appear/be seen"

Lev 16:3 (What Aaron brings)¶

בְּזֹאת יָבֹא אַהֲרֹן אֶל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ בְּפַר בֶּן־בָּקָר לְחַטָּאת וְאַיִל לְעֹלָה׃

Key parsing:
- בְּזֹאת (be-zot) — "with this" / "in this [manner]"
- יָבֹא (yavo) — Qal.Impf.3ms of בוא — "he shall come"
- פַר בֶּן בָּקָר (par ben-baqar) — "young bull son of cattle" = young bullock
- לְחַטָּאת (le-chattat) — "for a sin [offering]"
- אַיִל (ayil) — "ram"
- לְעֹלָה (le-olah) — "for a burnt offering"

Lev 16:4 (Garment description)¶

כְּתֹנֶת בַּד קֹדֶשׁ יִלְבָּשׁ וּמִכְנְסֵי בַד יִהְיוּ עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ וּבְאַבְנֵט בַּד יַחְגֹּר וּבְמִצְנֶפֶת בַּד יִצְנֹף בִּגְדֵי קֹדֶשׁ הֵם וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם אֶת בְּשָׂרוֹ וּלְבֵשָׁם׃

Key parsing:
- כְּתֹנֶת בַּד (kethoneth-bad) — "tunic of linen" (fs.Cst + ms.Cst)
- קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh) — "holiness/holy"
- יִלְבָּשׁ (yilbash) — Qal.Impf.3ms of לבשׁ — "he shall clothe [himself]"
- מִכְנְסֵי בַד (miknese-bad) — "breeches of linen" (mp.Cst)
- אַבְנֵט בַּד (abnet bad) — "sash/girdle of linen"
- מִצְנֶפֶת בַּד (mitsnefeth bad) — "turban of linen"
- יִצְנֹף (yitsnof) — Qal.Impf.3ms of צנף — "he shall wrap/bind [his head]"
- בִּגְדֵי קֹדֶשׁ הֵם (bigdei qodesh hem) — "garments of holiness they [are]"
- וְרָחַץ (ve-rachats) — Qal.Perf.3ms of רחץ — "and he shall wash"
- בַּמַּיִם (ba-mayim) — "in the water"
- וּלְבֵשָׁם (ulvesham) — Qal.Perf.3ms + 3mp suffix of לבשׁ — "and he shall put them on"
NOTE: Washing BEFORE putting on garments — the order is significant

Lev 16:6 (Aaron offers his bullock)¶

וְהִקְרִיב אַהֲרֹן אֶת פַּר הַחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר לוֹ וְכִפֶּר בַּעֲדוֹ וּבְעַד בֵּיתוֹ׃

Key parsing:
- הִקְרִיב (hiqriv) — Hiphil.Perf.3ms of קרב — "he shall bring near/present"
- פַּר הַחַטָּאת (par ha-chattat) — "the bull of the sin [offering]"
- אֲשֶׁר לוֹ (asher lo) — "which [is] for him"
- כִפֶּר (kipper) — Piel.Perf.3ms of כפר — "he shall make atonement/cover"
- בַּעֲדוֹ (ba'ado) — "for himself" (lit. "in his distance/behalf")
- בְעַד בֵּיתוֹ (be'ad beito) — "for his house"

Lev 16:8 (Lot casting)¶

וְנָתַן אַהֲרֹן עַל שְׁנֵי הַשְּׂעִירִם גֹּורָלוֹת גֹּורָל אֶחָד לַיהוָה וְגוֹרָל אֶחָד לַעֲזָאזֵל׃

Key parsing:
- נָתַן (natan) — Qal.Perf.3ms of נתן — "he shall give/cast"
- שְׁנֵי הַשְּׂעִירִם (shnei ha-se'irim) — "the two he-goats"
- גֹּורָלוֹת (goralot) — "lots" (mp)
- גֹּורָל אֶחָד לַיהוָה (goral echad la-YHWH) — "one lot for YHWH"
- גוֹרָל אֶחָד לַעֲזָאזֵל (goral echad la-azazel) — "one lot for Azazel"
NOTE: The preposition לַ (la- = to/for) is IDENTICAL for both YHWH and Azazel

Lev 16:9-10 (Two goat destinations)¶

v.9: וְהִקְרִיב אַהֲרֹן אֶת הַשָּׂעִיר אֲשֶׁר עָלָה עָלָיו הַגֹּורָל לַיהוָה וְעָשָׂהוּ חַטָּאת׃
v.10: וְהַשָּׂעִיר אֲשֶׁר עָלָה עָלָיו הַגֹּורָל לַעֲזָאזֵל יָעֳמַד חַי לִפְנֵי יְהוָה לְכַפֵּר עָלָיו לְשַׁלַּח אֹתוֹ לַעֲזָאזֵל הַמִּדְבָּרָה׃

Key parsing v.9:
- עָלָה (alah) — Qal.Perf.3ms of עלה — "came up [upon]" (the lot fell upon)
- עָשָׂהוּ חַטָּאת (asahu chattat) — "he shall make it a sin [offering]"

Key parsing v.10:
- יָעֳמַד (ya'omad) — Hophal.Impf.3ms of עמד — "shall be made to stand" (PASSIVE: placed alive)
- חַי (chai) — Adj.ms "alive"
- לְכַפֵּר עָלָיו (le-khapper alav) — "to make atonement upon/with it"
- לְשַׁלַּח (le-shallach) — Piel.InfCon of שׁלח — "to send away"
- הַמִּדְבָּרָה (ha-midbarah) — "to the wilderness" (directional he-)

Lev 16:11 (Kill the bullock)¶

Key parsing:
- שָׁחַט (shachat) — Qal.Perf.3ms of שׁחט — "he shall slaughter"
NOTE: The slaughter is the actual killing of the sacrificial animal. This is the technical term for ritual slaughter.

Lev 16:12-13 (Incense procedure)¶

v.12: וְלָקַח מְלֹא הַמַּחְתָּה גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מִלִּפְנֵי יְהוָה וּמְלֹא חָפְנָיו קְטֹרֶת סַמִּים דַּקָּה וְהֵבִיא מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת׃
v.13: וְנָתַן אֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת עַל הָאֵשׁ לִפְנֵי יְהוָה וְכִסָּה עֲנַן הַקְּטֹרֶת אֶת הַכַּפֹּרֶת אֲשֶׁר עַל הָעֵדוּת וְלֹא יָמוּת׃

Key parsing:
- לָקַח (laqach) — Qal.Perf.3ms — "he shall take"
- מְלֹא הַמַּחְתָּה (melo ha-machtah) — "fullness of the fire-holder/censer"
- גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ (gachalei esh) — "charcoals of fire"
- מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (me'al ha-mizbeach) — "from upon the altar"
- חָפְנָיו (chofnav) — "his two hollow hands" (dual + 3ms suffix)
- קְטֹרֶת סַמִּים דַּקָּה (qetoreth sammim daqqah) — "incense of spices, fine/beaten"
- הֵבִיא (hevi) — Hiphil.Perf.3ms of בוא — "he shall bring in"
- מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת (mi-beit la-parokhet) — "from inside the curtain" (i.e. within the veil)
- כִסָּה (kissah) — Piel.Perf.3ms of כסה — "shall cover"
- עֲנַן הַקְּטֹרֶת (anan ha-qetoreth) — "cloud of the incense"
- הָעֵדוּת (ha-eduth) — "the testimony" (the tablets in the ark)

Lev 16:14 (Blood sprinkling on mercy seat)¶

וְלָקַח מִדַּם הַפָּר וְהִזָּה בְאֶצְבָּעוֹ עַל פְּנֵי הַכַּפֹּרֶת קֵדְמָה וְלִפְנֵי הַכַּפֹּרֶת יַזֶּה שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים מִן הַדָּם בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ׃

Key parsing:
- מִדַּם הַפָּר (mi-dam ha-par) — "from the blood of the bull"
- הִזָּה (hizzah) — Hiphil.Perf.3ms of נזה — "he shall sprinkle/spatter"
- בְאֶצְבָּעוֹ (be-etsba'o) — "with his finger"
- עַל פְּנֵי הַכַּפֹּרֶת (al pnei ha-kapporeth) — "upon the face of the mercy seat"
- קֵדְמָה (qedmah) — "eastward" (toward the east)
- יַזֶּה (yazzeh) — Hiphil.Impf.3ms of נזה — "he shall sprinkle"
- שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים (sheva pe'amim) — "seven times"
NOTE: Two distinct applications — ONCE on the mercy seat, SEVEN TIMES before the mercy seat

Lev 16:15 (Goat blood ministry)¶

Key parsing:
- שָׁחַט (shachat) — Qal.Perf.3ms of שׁחט — "he shall slaughter"
- שְׂעִיר הַחַטָּאת (se'ir ha-chattat) — "the he-goat of the sin [offering]"
- אֲשֶׁר לָעָם (asher la-am) — "which [is] for the people"
- הֵבִיא אֶת דָּמוֹ (hevi et-damo) — Hiphil "he shall bring his blood"
- אֶל מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת (el mi-beit la-parokhet) — "to within the curtain"
- כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לְדַם הַפָּר (ka-asher asah le-dam ha-par) — "as he did with the blood of the bull"
- הִזָּה (hizzah) — Hiphil.Perf.3ms — "he shall sprinkle"
NOTE: The goat's blood receives IDENTICAL treatment to the bull's blood

Lev 16:16 (Atonement for the holy place)¶

Key parsing:
- כִפֶּר (kipper) — Piel.Perf.3ms — "he shall make atonement"
- עַל הַקֹּדֶשׁ (al ha-qodesh) — "for the holy [place]"
- מִטֻּמְאֹת (mi-tum'ot) — "from the uncleannesses" (fp.Cst) — REASON for atonement
- פִּשְׁעֵיהֶם (pish'eihem) — "their transgressions/rebellions"
- חַטֹּאתָם (chattotam) — "their sins"
- הַשֹּׁכֵן אִתָּם (ha-shokhen ittam) — "the [tabernacle] dwelling with them"
- בְּתוֹךְ טֻמְאֹתָם (be-tokh tum'otam) — "in the midst of their uncleannesses"
THREE categories of sin: tum'ah (uncleanness), pesha (rebellion/transgression), chattat (sin)

Lev 16:17 (NO MAN exclusion — CRITICAL)¶

וְכָל אָדָם לֹא יִהְיֶה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד בְּבֹאוֹ לְכַפֵּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ עַד צֵאתוֹ וְכִפֶּר בַּעֲדוֹ וּבְעַד בֵּיתוֹ וּבְעַד כָּל קְהַל יִשְׂרָאֵל׃

Key parsing:
- כָל אָדָם (kol adam) — "all/every man/human" (kol = whole; adam = human/mankind)
- לֹא יִהְיֶה (lo yihyeh) — "shall not be" (Qal.Impf.3ms of היה with negative)
- בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד (be-ohel mo'ed) — "in the tent of appointment/meeting"
- בְּבֹאוֹ (be-vo'o) — "in his entering" (Qal.InfCon of בוא + 3ms suffix)
- לְכַפֵּר (le-khapper) — "to cover/make atonement" (Piel.InfCon of כפר)
- בַּקֹּדֶשׁ (ba-qodesh) — "in the holy [place]"
- עַד צֵאתוֹ (ad tse'to) — "until his going out" (Qal.InfCon of יצא + 3ms suffix)
- כִפֶּר (kipper) — Piel.Perf.3ms — "and have made atonement"
- בַּעֲדוֹ (ba'ado) — "for himself"
- בְעַד בֵּיתוֹ (be'ad beito) — "for his house"
- כָּל קְהַל יִשְׂרָאֵל (kol qehal yisra'el) — "all the assembly of Israel"

CRITICAL NOTES:
1. כָל אָדָם (kol adam) = every human being — total exclusion, not just laypeople
2. The scope of atonement in ONE verse: himself, his house, ALL the congregation
3. This is the CENTER of the chiastic structure (per existing study)
4. Temporal frame: from entrance until exit — the entire duration of the inner-sanctuary ministry

Lev 16:20-22 (Scapegoat procedure)¶

v.20: Key: כִלָּה (killah) — Piel.Perf.3ms of כלה — "he made an end of" / "he finished"
    מִכַּפֵּר (mi-khapper) — "from covering/reconciling" (Piel.InfCon)
    הִקְרִיב (hiqriv) — Hiphil.Perf.3ms — "he shall bring near" the live goat

v.21: Key:
    סָמַךְ (samakh) — Qal.Perf.3ms of סמך — "he shall lean/press" (both hands)
    שְׁתֵּי ידו (shtei yadav) — "his two hands"
    הִתְוַדָּה (hitvaddah) — Hithpael.Perf.3ms of ידה — "he shall confess" (reflexive intensive)
    עֲוֹנֹת (avonot) — "iniquities" (mp.Cst) — willful sins
    פִּשְׁעֵיהֶם (pish'eihem) — "their rebellions/transgressions"
    חַטֹּאתָם (chattotam) — "their sins"
    נָתַן (natan) — Qal.Perf.3ms — "he shall put/give" them upon the goat's head
    שִׁלַּח (shillach) — Piel.Perf.3ms of שׁלח — "he shall send away"
    אִישׁ עִתִּי (ish itti) — "a fit/ready man" / "a man of the appointed time"
    הַמִּדְבָּרָה (ha-midbarah) — "to the wilderness" (directional he-)

v.22: Key:
    נָשָׂא (nasa) — Qal.Perf.3ms of נשׂא — "shall bear/carry"
    אֶרֶץ גְּזֵרָה (erets gezerah) — "a land of cutting off" / "an uninhabited land"
    NOTE: gezerah from גזר (gazar = to cut off) — the land is "cut off" from civilization

Lev 16:24 (Return, wash, burnt offerings)¶

Key parsing:
- רָחַץ (rachats) — Qal.Perf.3ms — "he shall wash"
- בְּמָקוֹם קָדוֹשׁ (be-maqom qadosh) — "in a holy place"
- לָבַשׁ (lavash) — Qal.Perf.3ms — "he shall clothe [himself]"
- בְּגָדָיו (begadav) — "his garments" (normal priestly garments)
- יָצָא (yatsa) — Qal.Perf.3ms — "he shall go out"
- עָשָׂה (asah) — Qal.Perf.3ms — "he shall make/offer"
- עֹלָתוֹ (olato) — "his burnt offering"
- עֹלַת הָעָם (olat ha-am) — "the burnt offering of the people"

Lev 16:27 (Burning outside camp)¶

Key parsing:
- הוּבָא (huva) — Hophal.Perf.3ms of בוא — "was brought in" (PASSIVE)
- דָּמָם (damam) — "their blood" (+ 3mp suffix)
- לְכַפֵּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ (le-khapper ba-qodesh) — "to cover/atone in the holy [place]"
- יוֹצִיא (yotsi) — Hiphil.Impf.3ms of יצא — "he shall bring out"
- מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה (mi-chuts la-machaneh) — "to outside the camp"
- שָׂרְפוּ בָאֵשׁ (sarfu va-esh) — "they shall burn in the fire"
- עֹרֹתָם (orotam) — "their skins"
- בְּשָׂרָם (besaram) — "their flesh"
- פִּרְשָׁם (pirsham) — "their dung/stomach contents"

Lev 16:18-19 (Altar blood application and cleansing)¶

v.18: וְיָצָא אֶל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי יְהוָה וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו וְלָקַח מִדַּם הַפָּר וּמִדַּם הַשָּׂעִיר וְנָתַן עַל קַרְנוֹת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב׃

Key parsing:
- יָצָא (yatsa) — Qal.Perf.3ms of יצא — "he shall go out"
- הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (ha-mizbeach) — "the altar" (the altar of incense in the holy place)
- כִפֶּר עָלָיו (kipper alav) — Piel "make atonement for it"
- מִדַּם הַפָּר וּמִדַּם הַשָּׂעִיר — "from blood of the bull and from blood of the he-goat"
  NOTE: BOTH bloods are now combined/used together on the altar
- קַרְנוֹת (qarnot) — "horns" (fp.Cst) — of the altar
- סָבִיב (saviv) — "round about" / "surrounding"

v.19: וְהִזָּה עָלָיו מִן הַדָּם בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים וְטִהֲרוֹ וְקִדְּשׁוֹ מִטֻּמְאֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃

Key parsing:
- הִזָּה (hizzah) — Hiphil.Perf.3ms of נזה — "he shall sprinkle"
- שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים (sheva pe'amim) — "seven times" (cf. v.14)
- טִהֲרוֹ (tihr'o) — Piel.Perf.3ms + 3ms suffix of טהר — "he shall cleanse it"
- קִדְּשׁוֹ (qiddesho) — Piel.Perf.3ms + 3ms suffix of קדשׁ — "he shall sanctify/hallow it"
- מִטֻּמְאֹת (mi-tum'ot) — "from the uncleannesses"
NOTE: The altar receives TWO verbs: cleansed (taher) AND sanctified (qadash).
The altar is both purified from contamination and re-consecrated as holy.

Lev 16:23 (Garment change)¶

וּבָא אַהֲרֹן אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וּפָשַׁט אֶת בִּגְדֵי הַבָּד אֲשֶׁר לָבַשׁ בְּבֹאוֹ אֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְהִנִּיחָם שָׁם׃

Key parsing:
- פָשַׁט (pashat) — Qal.Perf.3ms of פשׁט — "he shall strip off"
- בִּגְדֵי הַבָּד (bigdei ha-bad) — "the garments of linen"
- הִנִּיחָם (hinnicham) — Hiphil.Perf.3ms + 3mp suffix of נוח — "he shall leave/deposit them"
- שָׁם (sham) — "there" — the linen garments are LEFT in the holy place, not reused

Lev 16:29-31 (Affliction command)¶

v.29: Key:
    תְּעַנּוּ (te'annu) — Piel.Impf.2mp of ענה — "ye shall afflict"
    נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם (nafshotekhem) — "your souls" (fp + 2mp suffix)
    מְלָאכָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ (melakhah lo ta'asu) — "work you shall not do"
    הָאֶזְרָח (ha-ezrach) — "the native citizen"
    הַגֵּר (ha-ger) — "the sojourner/stranger"

v.30: Key:
    יְכַפֵּר (yekhapper) — Piel.Impf.3ms — "he shall make atonement"
    לְטַהֵר (le-taher) — Piel.InfCon — "to cleanse" (PURPOSE of atonement)
    תִּטְהָרוּ (titharu) — Qal.Impf.2mp — "you shall be clean"
    לִפְנֵי יְהוָה (lifnei YHWH) — "before YHWH"

v.31: Key:
    שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן (shabbat shabbaton) — "sabbath of sabbaths" / "sabbath of rest"
    חֻקַּת עוֹלָם (chuqqat olam) — "statute of eternity" / "everlasting statute"

Lev 16:33-34 (Summary of atonement objects)¶

v.33: Key:
    מִקְדַּשׁ הַקֹּדֶשׁ (miqdash ha-qodesh) — "the sanctuary of holiness" / "the holy sanctuary"
    אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד (ohel mo'ed) — "tent of appointment/meeting"
    הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (ha-mizbeach) — "the altar"
    הַכֹּהֲנִים (ha-kohanim) — "the priests"
    כָּל עַם הַקָּהָל (kol am ha-qahal) — "all the people of the assembly"
    יְכַפֵּר (yekhapper) — Piel.Impf.3ms (3x) — "he shall make atonement"

v.34: Key:
    אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה (achat ba-shanah) — "once in the year"
    וַיַּעַשׂ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה (vaya'as ka-asher tsivvah YHWH) — "and he did as YHWH commanded"

Lev 23:29 (Karat penalty)¶

כִּי כָל הַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא תְעֻנֶּה בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה וְנִכְרְתָה מֵעַמֶּיהָ׃

Key parsing:
- כָל הַנֶּפֶשׁ (kol ha-nefesh) — "every soul"
- לֹא תְעֻנֶּה (lo te'unneh) — Pual.Impf.3fs of ענה — "shall not be afflicted" (PASSIVE)
- בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם (be-etsem ha-yom) — "in the bone/very [essence] of the day" = "on that very day"
- נִכְרְתָה (nikhretah) — Niphal.Perf.3fs of כרת — "shall be cut off"
- מֵעַמֶּיהָ (me-ammeiha) — "from her peoples"
NOTE: Both verbs are PASSIVE/REFLEXIVE, not active. The soul that does not submit to affliction is cut off.