Raw Greek Parsing Output¶
Hebrews 9:22 -- Without Shedding of Blood No Remission¶
Greek: καὶ σχεδὸν ἐν αἵματι πάντα καθαρίζεται κατὰ τὸν νόμον, καὶ χωρὶς αἱματεκχυσίας οὐ γίνεται ἄφεσις.
WORD LEMMA STRONG PARSING
καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
σχεδὸν σχεδόν G4975 ADV -- "almost, nearly"
ἐν ἐν G1722 PREP -- "in, by means of"
αἵματι αἷμα G129 N-DSN -- Dative Singular Neuter = "blood" (instrumental dative: "by/with blood")
πάντα πᾶς G3956 A-NPN -- Nominative Plural Neuter = "all things"
καθαρίζεται καθαρίζω G2511 V-PPI-3S -- Present Passive Indicative 3rd Sg = "is cleansed/purified"
κατὰ κατά G2596 PREP -- "according to"
τὸν νόμον νόμος G3551 T-ASM + N-ASM -- "the law"
καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
χωρὶς χωρίς G5565 ADV -- "apart from, without"
αἱματεκχυσίας αἱματεκχυσία G130 N-GSF -- Genitive Singular Feminine = "blood-shedding" (hapax legomenon)
οὐ οὐ G3756 PRT-N -- "not"
γίνεται γίνομαι G1096 V-PNI-3S -- Present Middle/Passive Indicative 3rd Sg = "comes about, happens"
ἄφεσις ἄφεσις G859 N-NSF -- Nominative Singular Feminine = "release, forgiveness, remission"
KEY OBSERVATIONS: 1. katharizetal (καθαρίζεται) = Present Passive Indicative -- "is being cleansed." The present tense suggests an ongoing principle. 2. haimatekchysia (αἱματεκχυσία) = G130, a compound of haima (blood) + ekchysis (shedding). This word appears ONLY HERE in the entire NT (hapax legomenon). It encapsulates the entire Levitical blood-system. 3. aphesis (ἄφεσις) = "release, forgiveness" -- the same word used for the release of debts, prisoners. Without blood-shedding, no release from sin happens. 4. schedon (σχεδόν) = "almost" -- qualifies the "all things," acknowledging exceptions (flour offering in Lev 5:11-13).
Hebrews 9:23 -- Heavenly Things Need Better Sacrifices¶
Greek: Ἀνάγκη οὖν τὰ μὲν ὑποδείγματα τῶν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς τούτοις καθαρίζεσθαι, αὐτὰ δὲ τὰ ἐπουράνια κρείττοσιν θυσίαις παρὰ ταύτας.
WORD LEMMA STRONG PARSING
Ἀνάγκη ἀνάγκη G318 N-NSF -- Nominative Sg F = "necessity"
οὖν οὖν G3767 CONJ -- "therefore, then"
τὰ μὲν ὁ + μέν G3588+G3303 T-APN + PRT -- "the [things] on the one hand"
ὑποδείγματα ὑπόδειγμα G5262 N-APN -- Acc Pl N = "representations, copies, patterns"
τῶν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ὁ + ἐν + οὐρανός G3588+G1722+G3772 "of the [things] in the heavens"
τούτοις οὗτος G3778 D-DPN -- Dat Pl N = "with these"
καθαρίζεσθαι καθαρίζω G2511 V-PPN -- Present Passive Infinitive = "to be cleansed/purified"
αὐτὰ δὲ αὐτός + δέ G846+G1161 P-APN + CONJ = "but themselves, the [things]"
τὰ ἐπουράνια ὁ + ἐπουράνιος G3588+G2032 T-APN + A-APN = "the heavenly [things]"
κρείττοσιν κρείττων G2909 A-DPF-C -- Dat Pl F Comparative = "with better" (comparative of agathos)
θυσίαις θυσία G2378 N-DPF -- Dat Pl F = "sacrifices" (instrumental dative)
παρὰ παρά G3844 PREP -- "than, beyond"
ταύτας οὗτος G3778 D-APF -- Acc Pl F = "these"
KEY OBSERVATIONS: 1. Anagke (Ἀνάγκη) = "necessity" -- it was NECESSARY, not optional. 2. hypodeigmata (ὑποδείγματα) = "copies, representations, patterns" -- the earthly tabernacle is explicitly identified as a COPY of the heavenly. 3. katharizesthai (καθαρίζεσθαι) = Present Passive Infinitive of katharizo -- "to be cleansed." This verb applies to BOTH the copies AND the heavenly things. 4. ta epourania (τὰ ἐπουράνια) = "the heavenly [things] themselves" -- with the emphatic auta (themselves). The heavenly sanctuary ITSELF requires purification. 5. kreittosin thysiais (κρείττοσιν θυσίαις) = "with better sacrifices" -- Dative plural, comparative of agathos. Christ's sacrifice is categorically superior.
Hebrews 10:4 -- Impossibility of Animal Blood¶
Greek: ἀδύνατον γὰρ αἷμα ταύρων καὶ τράγων ἀφαιρεῖν ἁμαρτίας.
WORD LEMMA STRONG PARSING
ἀδύνατον ἀδύνατος G102 A-NSN -- Nom Sg N = "impossible, unable"
γὰρ γάρ G1063 CONJ -- "for" (explanatory)
αἷμα αἷμα G129 N-NSN -- Nom Sg N = "blood"
ταύρων ταῦρος G5022 N-GPM -- Gen Pl M = "of bulls"
καὶ καί G2532 CONJ
τράγων τράγος G5131 N-GPM -- Gen Pl M = "of goats"
ἀφαιρεῖν ἀφαιρέω G851 V-PAN -- Present Active Infinitive = "to take away, remove"
ἁμαρτίας ἁμαρτία G266 N-APF -- Acc Pl F = "sins"
KEY: adynaton (ἀδύνατον) = "impossible" -- categorical, absolute impossibility. aphairein (ἀφαιρεῖν) = Present Active Infinitive of "to take away" -- the present tense suggests this is a PERMANENT limitation, not a temporary one. Animal blood categorically cannot REMOVE sins; it can only TRANSFER/COVER them (which is what kaphar means).
Romans 3:25 -- Christ as Hilasterion (Mercy Seat)¶
Greek: ὃν προέθετο ὁ Θεὸς ἱλαστήριον διὰ πίστεως ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι, εἰς ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν τῶν προγεγονότων ἁμαρτημάτων
WORD LEMMA STRONG PARSING
ὃν ὅς G3739 R-ASM -- Acc Sg M = "whom" (relative pronoun)
προέθετο προτίθημι G4388 V-2AMI-3S -- Aorist Middle Indicative 3rd Sg = "set forth publicly, displayed"
ὁ Θεὸς ὁ + θεός G3588+G2316 T-NSM + N-NSM = "God" (subject)
ἱλαστήριον ἱλαστήριος G2435 N-ASN -- Acc Sg N = "mercy seat, place of propitiation"
διὰ πίστεως πίστις G4102 PREP + N-GSF = "through faith"
ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι αἷμα G129 PREP + T-DSN + P-GSM + N-DSN = "in his blood"
εἰς ἔνδειξιν ἔνδειξις G1732 PREP + N-ASF = "for a demonstration/proof"
τῆς δικαιοσύνης δικαιοσύνη G1343 T-GSF + N-GSF = "of his righteousness"
αὐτοῦ αὐτός G846 P-GSM = "his"
διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν πάρεσις G3929 PREP + T-ASF + N-ASF = "because of the passing over/overlooking"
τῶν προγεγονότων προγίνομαι G4266 T-GPN + V-2RAP-GPN -- Perf Act Ptcp Gen Pl N = "of the previously committed"
ἁμαρτημάτων ἁμάρτημα G265 N-GPN -- Gen Pl N = "sins (concrete acts)"
KEY OBSERVATIONS: 1. proetheto (προέθετο) = Aorist Middle of protithemi -- God "set forth" or "publicly displayed" Christ. The middle voice suggests God did this for His own purpose. 2. hilasterion (ἱλαστήριον) = G2435 -- the same word used in LXX for the kapporet (mercy seat, Exo 25:17; Lev 16:2). Christ IS the mercy seat where blood meets God's presence. 3. paresin (πάρεσιν) = G3929 -- "passing over, overlooking" (NOT aphesis/forgiveness). This is the temporary "overlooking" of sins committed before the cross -- what the sacrificial system accomplished was a PASSING OVER, not a final removal. Christ's sacrifice provides the actual basis. 4. progegonoton hamartematon = "previously committed sins (concrete acts)" -- referring to sins under the old covenant that were covered but not yet definitively dealt with.
2 Corinthians 5:21 -- Made Sin for Us¶
Greek: τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν, ἵνα ἡμεῖς γενώμεθα δικαιοσύνη Θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ.
WORD LEMMA STRONG PARSING
τὸν ὁ G3588 T-ASM -- Acc Sg M = "the [one]" (Christ as object)
μὴ μή G3361 PRT-N -- "not"
γνόντα γινώσκω G1097 V-2AAP-ASM -- Aorist Active Participle Acc Sg M = "having known"
ἁμαρτίαν ἁμαρτία G266 N-ASF -- Acc Sg F = "sin" (object of knowing)
ὑπὲρ ὑπέρ G5228 PREP -- "on behalf of, for the sake of"
ἡμῶν ἐγώ G1473 P-1GP -- "us"
ἁμαρτίαν ἁμαρτία G266 N-ASF -- Acc Sg F = "sin" (predicate accusative)
ἐποίησεν ποιέω G4160 V-AAI-3S -- Aorist Active Indicative 3rd Sg = "he made"
ἵνα ἵνα G2443 CONJ -- "in order that" (purpose clause)
ἡμεῖς ἐγώ G1473 P-1NP -- "we"
γενώμεθα γίνομαι G1096 V-2ADS-1P -- Aorist Middle Subjunctive 1st Pl = "might become"
δικαιοσύνη δικαιοσύνη G1343 N-NSF -- Nom Sg F = "righteousness"
Θεοῦ θεός G2316 N-GSM -- Gen Sg M = "of God"
ἐν αὐτῷ αὐτός G846 PREP + P-DSM = "in him"
KEY OBSERVATIONS: 1. hamartian epoiesen (ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν) = "[God] MADE [him] sin." The word hamartia appears TWICE: first as the object of "knowing" (he did not know sin), then as the predicate of "making" (God made him sin). This is the NT equivalent of the chattat double meaning -- the sinless one becomes identified with sin itself. 2. The structure is chiastic: sin (unknown) --> sin (made) --> righteousness (become). The exchange is complete: our sin placed on him, his righteousness placed on us. 3. hyper hemon (ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν) = "on behalf of us" -- substitutionary language. 4. hina genometha (ἵνα γενώμεθα) = purpose clause with Aorist Subjunctive -- "in order that we might become" -- the purpose of the sin-transfer is our transformation into God's righteousness.