Raw Hebrew Parsing Output¶
Leviticus 1:4 -- Hand-laying and Acceptance¶
וְסָמַ֣ךְ יָדֹ֔ו עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הָעֹלָ֑ה וְנִרְצָ֥ה לֹ֖ו לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽיו׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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וְ ו Conj and
סָמַ֣ךְ סמך Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms support
יָדֹ֔ו יד Noun.s.Abs.+3ms hand
עַ֖ל על Prep upon
רֹ֣אשׁ ראשׁ Noun.ms.Cst head
הָ עֹלָ֑ה עלה Art + Noun.fs.Abs the burnt-offering
וְ נִרְצָ֥ה רצה Conj + Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms and it-shall-be-accepted
לֹ֖ו ל Prep.+3ms for him
לְ כַפֵּ֥ר כפר Prep + Verb.Piel.InfCon to cover/atone
עָלָֽיו על Prep.+3ms for/upon him
Key observations: - סמך (samakh) = "to lean/support" (Qal Perfect 3ms) -- physical pressing of hands on animal's head - רצה (ratsah) = "to be accepted/pleased" (Niphal Perfect 3ms) -- passive: "it shall be accepted FOR HIM" - כפר (kaphar) = "to cover/atone" (Piel Infinitive Construct) -- purpose clause: "to make atonement for him" - The hand-laying produces acceptance; the acceptance enables atonement
Leviticus 4:3 -- Chattat as Both Sin and Sin Offering¶
אִ֣ם הַכֹּהֵ֧ן הַמָּשִׁ֛יחַ יֶחֱטָ֖א לְאַשְׁמַ֣ת הָעָ֑ם וְהִקְרִ֡יב עַ֣ל חַטָּאתֹו֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטָ֜א פַּ֣ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֥ר תָּמִ֛ים לַיהוָ֖ה לְחַטָּֽאת׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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אִ֣ם אם Conj if
הַ כֹּהֵ֧ן כהן Art + Noun.ms.Abs the priest
הַ מָּשִׁ֛יחַ משׁיח Art + Noun.ms.Abs the anointed
יֶחֱטָ֖א חטא Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms sin/miss
לְ אַשְׁמַ֣ת אשׁם Prep + Verb.Qal.InfCon.Cst to-the-guilt-of
הָ עָ֑ם עם Art + Noun.ms.Abs the people
וְ הִקְרִ֡יב קרב Conj + Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms and-he-shall-bring-near
עַ֣ל על Prep upon/for
חַטָּאתֹו֩ חטאת Noun.fs.Abs.+3ms HIS SIN (= the sin itself)
אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטָ֜א חטא Rel + Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms which he sinned
פַּ֣ר בֶּן בָּקָ֥ר Nouns a young bull (lit. "bull son of cattle")
תָּמִ֛ים תמים Adj.ms.Abs without blemish / complete
לַ יהוָ֖ה יהוה Prep + PropN to YHWH
לְ חַטָּֽאת חטאת Prep + Noun.fs.Abs FOR A SIN OFFERING
CRITICAL observation: The same root חטא appears THREE times: 1. יֶחֱטָ֖א (yecheta') -- verb: "to sin/miss the mark" 2. חַטָּאתֹו (chattatō) -- noun + suffix: "his SIN" (the problem) 3. לְחַטָּֽאת (lechattāt) -- noun: "for a SIN OFFERING" (the solution)
The same word (chattat) denotes BOTH the sin itself AND the sacrifice that removes it.
Leviticus 4:20 -- The Forgiveness Formula (venislach)¶
וְעָשָׂ֣ה לַפָּ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְפַ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֔את כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לֹּ֑ו וְכִפֶּ֧ר עֲלֵהֶ֛ם הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְנִסְלַ֥ח לָהֶֽם׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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וְ עָשָׂ֣ה עשׂה Conj + Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms and he shall do
לַ פָּ֔ר פר Prep + Art + Noun.ms to the bull
כַּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אשׁר Prep + Conj as [that] which
עָשָׂה֙ עשׂה Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms he did
לְ פַ֣ר פר Prep + Noun.ms.Cst to the bull of
הַֽ חַטָּ֔את חטאת Art + Noun.fs.Abs the sin [offering]
כֵּ֖ן כן Adv thus
יַעֲשֶׂה עשׂה Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms he shall do
לֹּ֑ו ל Prep.+3ms to it
וְ כִפֶּ֧ר כפר Conj + Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms and-shall-atone (PIEL)
עֲלֵהֶ֛ם על Prep.+3mp upon/for them
הַ כֹּהֵ֖ן כהן Art + Noun.ms.Abs the priest
וְ נִסְלַ֥ח סלח Conj + Verb.Niphal.Perf.3ms and-it-shall-be-FORGIVEN
לָהֶֽם ל Prep.+3mp to/for them
Key observations: - כִפֶּ֧ר (kipper) = Piel of כפר -- intensive: "to make atonement/cover" (the priest's action) - נִסְלַ֥ח (nislach) = Niphal of סלח -- passive divine: "and it SHALL BE FORGIVEN" (God's response) - The Niphal passive indicates: forgiveness is a divine act, not something the priest does - This exact formula (wekhipper...wenislach) repeats in Lev 4:26, 4:31, 4:35, 5:10, 5:13, 5:16, 5:18
Leviticus 2:1 -- Grain Offering Vocabulary¶
וְנֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה סֹ֖לֶת יִהְיֶ֣ה קָרְבָּנֹ֑ו וְיָצַ֤ק עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְנָתַ֥ן עָלֶ֖יהָ לְבֹנָֽה׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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וְ נֶ֗פֶשׁ נפשׁ Conj + Noun.fs.Abs and [when] a soul
כִּֽי כי Conj when
תַקְרִ֞יב קרב Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3fs offers/brings near
קָרְבַּ֤ן קרבן Noun.ms.Cst an offering of
מִנְחָה֙ מנחה Noun.fs.Abs a gift/present (MINCHAH)
לַֽ יהוָ֔ה יהוה Prep + PropN to YHWH
סֹ֖לֶת סלת Noun.fs.Abs fine flour (SOLETH)
יִהְיֶ֣ה היה Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms shall be
קָרְבָּנֹ֑ו קרבן Noun.ms.Abs.+3ms his offering
וְ יָצַ֤ק יצק Conj + Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms and he shall pour
עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ על Prep.+3fs upon it
שֶׁ֔מֶן שׁמן Noun.ms.Abs oil (SHEMEN)
וְ נָתַ֥ן נתן Conj + Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms and he shall put
עָלֶ֖יהָ על Prep.+3fs upon it
לְבֹנָֽה לבנה Noun.fs.Abs frankincense (LEVONAH)
Key observations: - נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh, "soul") -- the offerer is called a "soul," not "man" (unlike Lev 1:2) - מִנְחָה (minchah) = gift/present/tribute -- the basic meaning before its cultic specialization - סֹלֶת (soleth) = fine flour -- ground wheat, product of human labor - שֶׁמֶן (shemen) = oil -- olive oil - לְבֹנָה (levonah) = frankincense -- aromatic resin - Three ingredients: flour (sustenance), oil (joy/anointing), frankincense (prayer/worship)
Leviticus 2:2 -- Memorial Portion (Azkarah) and Sweet Savour¶
וֶֽהֱבִיאָ֗הּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹן֮ הַכֹּהֲנִים֒ וְקָמַ֨ץ מִשָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצֹ֗ו מִסָּלְתָּהּ֙ וּמִשַּׁמְנָ֔הּ עַ֖ל כָּל־לְבֹנָתָ֑הּ וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָהּ֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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וְ קָמַ֨ץ קמץ Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms take a handful (QAMATS)
מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצֹ֗ו fullness of his handful
מִ סָּלְתָּהּ֙ סלת Prep + Noun.fs.+3fs from its fine flour (SOLETH)
וּ מִ שַּׁמְנָ֔הּ שׁמן Prep + Noun.ms.+3fs and from its oil (SHEMEN)
עַ֖ל כָּל לְבֹנָתָ֑הּ לבנה Prep + Noun.fs.+3fs upon all its frankincense (LEVONAH)
וְ הִקְטִ֨יר קטר Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms and-shall-burn-as-incense (HIQTIR)
הַ כֹּהֵ֜ן כהן Noun.ms the priest
אֶת אַזְכָּרָתָהּ֙ אזכרה Noun.fs.+3fs its MEMORIAL PORTION (AZKARAH)
הַ מִּזְבֵּ֔חָה מזבח Noun.ms the altar
אִשֵּׁ֛ה אשׁה Noun.ms.Cst a fire offering
רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ ריח + ניחח a scent of appeasement (RE'ACH NICHOACH)
לַ יהוָֽה יהוה PropN to YHWH
Key observations: - קָמַץ (qamats) = "to take a handful" -- the technical priestly action for grain offerings - אַזְכָּרָה (azkarah) = "memorial portion" -- from zakar ("to remember"); the representative portion - הִקְטִיר (hiqtir, Hiphil of קטר) = "to turn into smoke/incense" -- NOT the same verb as for burning the whole burnt offering (שׂרף, saraph); this is a fragrant burning, not a consuming fire - רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ (re'ach nichoach) = "a scent of appeasement/soothing" -- the same "sweet savour" phrase used for the burnt offering - Only a handful from the flour+oil, plus ALL the frankincense, goes on the altar; the rest is for the priests
Isaiah 53:10 -- The Servant's Soul as Asham (Guilt Offering)¶
וַיהוָ֞ה חָפֵ֤ץ דַּכְּאֹו֙ הֶֽחֱלִ֔י אִם־תָּשִׂ֤ים אָשָׁם֙ נַפְשֹׁ֔ו יִרְאֶ֥ה זֶ֖רַע יַאֲרִ֣יךְ יָמִ֑ים וְחֵ֥פֶץ יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדֹ֥ו יִצְלָֽח׃
Hebrew Lemma Parsing Gloss
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וַ יהוָ֞ה יהוה Conj + PropN Yet/And YHWH
חָפֵ֤ץ חפץ Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms desired/was pleased
דַּכְּאֹו֙ דכא Verb.Piel.InfCon.+3ms to crush him
הֶֽחֱלִ֔י חלה Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms he made [him] sick/grief
אִם אם Conj if/when
תָּשִׂ֤ים שׂים Verb.Qal.Impf.3fs she/it shall make/place
אָשָׁם֙ אשׁם Noun.ms.Abs A GUILT OFFERING (ASHAM)
נַפְשֹׁ֔ו נפשׁ Noun.fs.Abs.+3ms his soul
יִרְאֶ֥ה ראה Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms he shall see
זֶ֖רַע זרע Noun.ms.Abs seed/offspring
יַאֲרִ֣יךְ ארך Verb.Hiphil.Impf.3ms he shall prolong
יָמִ֑ים יום Noun.mp.Abs days
וְ חֵ֥פֶץ חפץ Conj + Noun.ms.Cst and the pleasure of
יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PropN YHWH
בְּ יָדֹ֥ו יד Prep + Noun.s.+3ms in his hand
יִצְלָֽח צלח Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms shall prosper
CRITICAL observation: - אָשָׁם (asham) here is H817 -- the GUILT/TRESPASS OFFERING specifically - "When [his soul] shall make his soul an asham" -- the Servant IS the guilt offering - This is NOT chattat (sin offering) but specifically asham (trespass/guilt offering) - The asham requires restitution (principal + 1/5th); Christ as asham restores MORE than what sin took - After making his soul an asham: "he shall see seed, he shall prolong days, and YHWH's pleasure shall prosper in his hand" -- resurrection and victory FOLLOW the guilt offering