Raw Greek Parsing Output¶
Ephesians 5:2 -- Christ as Offering and Sacrifice¶
Greek Text: καὶ περιπατεῖτε ἐν ἀγάπῃ, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἠγάπησεν ὑμᾶς
καὶ παρέδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν προσφορὰν καὶ θυσίαν
τῷ Θεῷ εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας.
WORD LEMMA STRONG PARSING
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καὶ καί G2532 [CONJ]
περιπατεῖτε περιπατέω G4043 [V-PAM-2P] Pres Act Impv Pl 2nd -- WALK (imperative)
ἐν ἐν G1722 [PREP] -- in
ἀγάπῃ, ἀγάπη G26 [N-DSF] Dat Sg F -- love
καθὼς καθώς G2531 [ADV] -- just as
καὶ καί G2532 [CONJ]
ὁ Χριστὸς Χριστός G5547 [N-NSM] Nom Sg M -- Christ (subject)
ἠγάπησεν ἀγαπάω G25 [V-AAI-3S] Aor Act Ind 3rd Sg -- loved (aorist)
ὑμᾶς σύ G4771 [P-2AP] Acc Pl -- you (us)
καὶ καί G2532 [CONJ]
παρέδωκεν παραδίδωμι G3860 [V-AAI-3S] Aor Act Ind 3rd Sg -- gave up/delivered
ἑαυτὸν ἑαυτοῦ G1438 [F-3ASM] Acc Sg M -- himself
ὑπὲρ ὑπέρ G5228 [PREP] -- on behalf of
ἡμῶν ἐγώ G1473 [P-1GP] Gen Pl -- us
προσφορὰν προσφορά G4376 [N-ASF] Acc Sg F -- an OFFERING (prosphora)
καὶ καί G2532 [CONJ]
θυσίαν θυσία G2378 [N-ASF] Acc Sg F -- a SACRIFICE (thysia)
τῷ Θεῷ θεός G2316 [N-DSM] Dat Sg M -- to God
εἰς εἰς G1519 [PREP] -- for/into
ὀσμὴν ὀσμή G3744 [N-ASF] Acc Sg F -- a smell/odor
εὐωδίας. εὐωδία G2175 [N-GSF] Gen Sg F -- of fragrance/sweetness
Key observations: - TWO sacrifice terms: προσφορά (prosphora, G4376, "offering" -- general) and θυσία (thysia, G2378, "sacrifice" -- slain victim) - εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας = "for a smell of fragrance" -- echoes the OT "sweet savour" (re'ach nichoach) of the burnt offering (Lev 1:9,13,17) - παρέδωκεν ἑαυτὸν = "gave up himself" -- voluntary self-giving (cf. burnt offering's "of his own voluntary will," Lev 1:3) - This verse combines burnt offering language (sweet savour, voluntary) with general sacrifice language
2 Corinthians 5:21 -- "Made Him to Be Sin"¶
Greek Text: τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν,
ἵνα ἡμεῖς γενώμεθα δικαιοσύνη Θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ.
WORD LEMMA STRONG PARSING
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τὸν ὁ G3588 [T-ASM] Acc Sg M -- the [one]
μὴ μή G3361 [PRT-N] -- not
γνόντα γινώσκω G1097 [V-2AAP-ASM] Aor Act Ptcp Acc Sg M -- having known
ἁμαρτίαν ἁμαρτία G266 [N-ASF] Acc Sg F -- SIN (first occurrence)
ὑπὲρ ὑπέρ G5228 [PREP] -- on behalf of
ἡμῶν ἐγώ G1473 [P-1GP] Gen Pl -- us
ἁμαρτίαν ἁμαρτία G266 [N-ASF] Acc Sg F -- SIN (second occurrence)
ἐποίησεν, ποιέω G4160 [V-AAI-3S] Aor Act Ind 3rd Sg -- He made
ἵνα ἵνα G2443 [CONJ] -- so that (purpose)
ἡμεῖς ἐγώ G1473 [P-1NP] Nom Pl -- we
γενώμεθα γίνομαι G1096 [V-2ADS-1P] Aor Mid Subj Pl 1st -- might become
δικαιοσύνη δικαιοσύνη G1343 [N-NSF] Nom Sg F -- righteousness
Θεοῦ θεός G2316 [N-GSM] Gen Sg M -- of God
ἐν ἐν G1722 [PREP] -- in
αὐτῷ. αὐτός G846 [P-DSM] Dat Sg M -- him
Key observations: - ἁμαρτία (hamartia, G266) appears TWICE: (1) "sin" as abstract concept, (2) "sin" = sin offering - The same double meaning as Hebrew חַטָּאת (chattat): "the one not knowing SIN, on behalf of us SIN he made" - ἐποίησεν (epoiēsen) = "he made" (Aorist Active Indicative) -- God is the actor - γενώμεθα (genōmetha) = "we might become" (Aorist Middle Subjunctive) -- purpose clause - Exact parallel to the Hebrew: chattat = both "sin" and "sin offering"; hamartia functions identically here - The exchange: Christ becomes our sin/sin offering; we become God's righteousness
Hebrews 10:5 -- "Sacrifice and Offering Thou Wouldest Not" (Psalm 40 Quotation)¶
Greek Text: Διὸ εἰσερχόμενος εἰς τὸν κόσμον λέγει
Θυσίαν καὶ προσφορὰν οὐκ ἠθέλησας, σῶμα δὲ κατηρτίσω μοι·
WORD LEMMA STRONG PARSING
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Διὸ διό G1352 [CONJ] -- therefore
εἰσερχόμενος εἰσέρχομαι G1525 [V-PNP-NSM] Pres M/P Ptcp Nom Sg M -- entering
εἰς τὸν κόσμον κόσμος G2889 -- into the world
λέγει λέγω G3004 [V-PAI-3S] Pres Act Ind 3rd Sg -- he says
Θυσίαν θυσία G2378 [N-ASF] Acc Sg F -- SACRIFICE (thysia)
καὶ καί G2532 [CONJ]
προσφορὰν προσφορά G4376 [N-ASF] Acc Sg F -- OFFERING (prosphora)
οὐκ ἠθέλησας θέλω G2309 [V-AAI-2S] Aor Act Ind 2nd Sg -- thou didst not desire
σῶμα σῶμα G4983 [N-ASN] Acc Sg N -- a body
δὲ δέ G1161 [CONJ] -- but/and
κατηρτίσω καταρτίζω G2675 [V-AMI-2S] Aor Mid Ind 2nd Sg -- thou didst prepare
μοι ἐγώ G1473 [P-1DS] Dat Sg -- for me
Hebrews 10:6 -- "Burnt Offerings and for Sin" (cont.)¶
Greek Text: ὁλοκαυτώματα καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας οὐκ εὐδόκησας.
WORD LEMMA STRONG PARSING
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ὁλοκαυτώματα ὁλοκαύτωμα G3646 [N-APN] Acc Pl N -- WHOLE-BURNT-OFFERINGS
καὶ καί G2532 [CONJ]
περὶ ἁμαρτίας ἁμαρτία G266 [N-GSF] Gen Sg F -- CONCERNING SIN [offerings]
οὐκ εὐδόκησας εὐδοκέω G2106 [V-AAI-2S] Aor Act Ind 2nd Sg -- thou hadst no pleasure
Key observations on Heb 10:5-6: - FOUR sacrifice types named using Greek terms: 1. θυσία (thysia) = "sacrifice" -- general animal sacrifice (= zebach) 2. προσφορά (prosphora) = "offering" -- broader, includes grain offering (= minchah/qorban) 3. ὁλοκαύτωμα (holokautōma) = "whole-burnt-offering" -- the LXX translation of olah 4. περὶ ἁμαρτίας (peri hamartias) = "concerning sin" -- the LXX phrase for sin offering (chattat) - These map to the Hebrew categories: zebach (sacrifice), minchah (offering), olah (burnt), chattat (sin) - ALL FOUR are contrasted with "a body thou hast prepared me" -- Christ's incarnation replaces the entire sacrificial system
Hebrews 10:10 -- "Sanctified Through the Offering of the Body"¶
Greek Text: ἐν ᾧ θελήματι ἡγιασμένοι ἐσμὲν
διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐφάπαξ.
WORD LEMMA STRONG PARSING
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ἐν ᾧ θελήματι θέλημα G2307 [N-DSN] Dat Sg N -- by which will
ἡγιασμένοι ἁγιάζω G37 [V-RPP-NPM] Perf Pass Ptcp Nom Pl M -- having been sanctified
ἐσμὲν εἰμί G1510 [V-PAI-1P] Pres Act Ind 1st Pl -- we are
διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς προσφορά G4376 [N-GSF] Gen Sg F -- through the OFFERING
τοῦ σώματος σῶμα G4983 [N-GSN] Gen Sg N -- of the BODY
Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦς/Χριστός G2424/G5547 Gen Sg M -- of Jesus Christ
ἐφάπαξ ἐφάπαξ G2178 [ADV] -- ONCE FOR ALL
Key observations: - ἡγιασμένοι ἐσμέν = "we are having-been-sanctified" -- PERFECT passive participle + present "are" = completed past action with present ongoing result - ἐφάπαξ (ephapax) = "once for all" -- unrepeatable, complete - The "offering" (prosphora) here is Christ's body -- one offering replaces all the OT types - This is the climax of the argument: not sacrifice+offering+burnt+sin (vv.5-6), but one body, once for all