Raw Hebrew Parsing Output¶
Leviticus 16:20¶
Hebrew: vekhillah mikapper et-haqqodesh ve-et-ohel mo'ed ve-et-hammizbeach vehiqriv et-hassa'ir hechay
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| killah | kalah | Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms | be complete |
| mi | min | Prep | from |
| kapper | kaphar | Verb.Piel.InfCon | cover/atone |
| et | et | Prep | (object marker) |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| qodesh | qodesh | Noun.ms.Abs | holiness/holy place |
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| et | et | Prep | (object marker) |
| ohel | ohel | Noun.ms.Cst | tent |
| mo'ed | mo'ed | Noun.ms.Abs | appointment/meeting |
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| et | et | Prep | (object marker) |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| mizbeach | mizbeach | Noun.ms.Abs | altar |
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| hiqriv | qarav | Verb.Hiphil.Perf.3ms | approach/bring near |
| et | et | Prep | (object marker) |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| sa'ir | sa'ir | Noun.ms.Abs | he-goat |
| he | he | Art | the |
| chay | chay | Adj.ms.Abs | alive/living |
Key observations: - killah (Piel perfect of kalah H3615) = "made an end of" — COMPLETION marker - mikapper (Piel infinitive construct of kaphar H3722) = "of reconciling/atoning" - Piel stem emphasizes the completeness and intensity of the action - hassa'ir hechay = "the living goat" — presented alive AFTER atonement is complete - hiqriv = "brought near" — but NOT for sacrifice; the Hiphil here means to present
Leviticus 16:21¶
Hebrew: vesamakh Aharon et-shete yadav al rosh hassa'ir hachay vehitvaddah alav et-kol-avonot bene Yisra'el ve-et-kol-pish'ehem lekhol-chatto'tam venatan otam al-rosh hassa'ir veshillach beyad-ish itti hammidbara
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| samakh | samakh | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | support/lay |
| Aharon | Aharon | PropN.ms | Aaron |
| et | et | Prep | (object marker) |
| shete | shnayim | Noun.fd.Cst | two |
| yadav | yad | Noun.d.Abs+3ms | his hands |
| al | al | Prep | upon |
| rosh | rosh | Noun.ms.Cst | head |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| sa'ir | sa'ir | Noun.ms.Abs | he-goat |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| chay | chay | Adj.ms.Abs | alive |
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| hitvaddah | yadah | Verb.Hithpael.Perf.3ms | confess |
| alav | al+3ms | Prep+suffix | upon him |
| et | et | Prep | (object marker) |
| kol | kol | Noun.ms.Cst | whole/all |
| avonot | avon | Noun.mp.Cst | iniquities |
| bene | ben | Noun.mp.Cst | sons of |
| Yisra'el | Yisra'el | PropN | Israel |
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| et | et | Prep | (object marker) |
| kol | kol | Noun.ms.Cst | whole/all |
| pish'ehem | pesha | Noun.mp.Abs+3mp | their rebellions |
| le | le | Prep | to/for |
| khol | kol | Noun.ms.Cst | whole/all |
| chatto'tam | chattat | Noun.fp.Abs+3mp | their sins |
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| natan | natan | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | give/place |
| otam | et+3mp | Prep+suffix | them |
| al | al | Prep | upon |
| rosh | rosh | Noun.ms.Cst | head |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| sa'ir | sa'ir | Noun.ms.Abs | he-goat |
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| shillach | shalach | Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms | send away |
| be | be | Prep | by/in |
| yad | yad | Noun.s.Cst | hand |
| ish | ish | Noun.ms.Abs | man |
| itti | itti | Adj.ms.Abs | ready/appointed |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| midbarah | midbar | Noun.ms.Abs+he-locale | wilderness-ward |
Key observations: - hitvaddah (Hithpael of yadah) = "confessed" — reflexive/confessional use - THREE sin categories: avonot (iniquities), pesha'im (rebellions), chatto't (sins) — comprehensive triad, same as v.16 - natan... al-rosh = "placed/gave upon the head" — transfer of sins - shillach (Piel of shalach) = "sent away" — NOT sacrificial verb. Piel = intensified sending - beyad-ish itti = "by the hand of a fit/ready man" — ish itti is hapax legomenon - ish (H376) = man - itti (H6261) = ready, timely (from et H6256 "time, appointed time") - The KJV "fit man" captures the idea: a man designated/prepared for this specific task - hammidbara = "the wilderness-ward" — he-locale directional suffix shows movement TOWARD wilderness
Leviticus 16:22¶
Hebrew: venasa hassa'ir alav et-kol-avonotam el-erets gezerah veshillach et-hassa'ir bammidbar
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| nasa | nasa | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | lift/bear/carry |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| sa'ir | sa'ir | Noun.ms.Abs | he-goat |
| alav | al+3ms | Prep+suffix | upon him |
| et | et | Prep | (object marker) |
| kol | kol | Noun.ms.Cst | whole/all |
| avonotam | avon | Noun.mp.Abs+3mp | their iniquities |
| el | el | Prep | to |
| erets | erets | Noun.s.Cst | land/earth |
| gezerah | gezerah | Noun.fs.Abs | separation/cutting off |
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| shillach | shalach | Verb.Piel.Perf.3ms | send away |
| et | et | Prep | (object marker) |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| sa'ir | sa'ir | Noun.ms.Abs | he-goat |
| ba | be | Prep | in |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| midbar | midbar | Noun.ms.Abs | wilderness/desert |
Key observations: - nasa (Qal perfect of H5375) = "bore/carried" — the scapegoat BEARS the iniquities - erets gezerah = "land of cutting off/separation" — from gazar (H1504) "to cut, sever" - NOT just "a wilderness" but a land FUNDAMENTALLY SEVERED from civilization - Hapax phrase — occurs only here - Two destination terms: erets gezerah (land of cutting off) and midbar (wilderness) - shillach repeated from v.21 = "sent away" — Piel intensive
Isaiah 24:21¶
Hebrew: vehayah bayyom hahu yifqod YHWH al-tseva hammarom bammarom ve-al-malke ha-adamah al-ha-adamah
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| hayah | hayah | Verb.Qal.Perf.3ms | be/happen |
| ba | be | Prep | in |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| yom | yom | Noun.ms.Abs | day |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| hu | hu | PersPron.3ms | he/that |
| yifqod | paqad | Verb.Qal.Impf.3ms | visit/punish/attend to |
| YHWH | YHWH | PropN | LORD |
| al | al | Prep | upon |
| tseva | tsava | Noun.ms.Cst | host/army |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| marom | marom | Noun.ms.Abs | height/high place |
| ba | be | Prep | in |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| marom | marom | Noun.ms.Abs | height/high place |
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| al | al | Prep | upon |
| malke | melekh | Noun.mp.Cst | kings |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| adamah | adamah | Noun.fs.Abs | earth/ground |
| al | al | Prep | upon |
| ha | he | Art | the |
| adamah | adamah | Noun.fs.Abs | earth/ground |
Key observations: - yifqod (Qal imperfect of paqad H6485) = "shall visit/punish" — can mean punish OR attend to - TWO targets: tseva hammarom bammarom (host of the height in the height) = heavenly/supernatural beings; malke ha-adamah (kings of the earth) = human rulers - The double use of marom emphasizes the supernatural realm - Same verb paqad appears in v.22 (Niphal imperfect) = "shall be visited" — the same beings are revisited after confinement
Isaiah 24:22¶
Hebrew: ve-ussefu asefah assir al-bor vesuggeru al-masger umerov yamim yippaqedu
| Hebrew | Lemma | Parsing | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| ussefu | asaf | Verb.Pual.Perf.3p | gathered (passive) |
| asefah | asefah | Noun.fs.Abs | gathering |
| assir | assir | Noun.ms.Abs | prisoner |
| al | al | Prep | upon/in |
| bor | bor | Noun.ms.Abs | pit/cistern |
| ve | vav | Conj | and |
| suggeru | sagar | Verb.Pual.Perf.3p | shut up (passive) |
| al | al | Prep | upon/in |
| masger | masger | Noun.ms.Abs | prison/dungeon |
| u | vav | Conj | and |
| me | min | Prep | from/after |
| rov | rov | Noun.ms.Cst | multitude/abundance |
| yamim | yom | Noun.mp.Abs | days |
| yippaqedu | paqad | Verb.Niphal.Impf.3mp | be visited |
Key observations: - ussefu (Pual passive of asaf) = "they are gathered" — passive voice: God gathers them - assir (prisoner) = treated AS prisoners, bound in confinement - bor = "pit/cistern" — same word used for underground prison (cf. Gen 37:22, Jer 38:6) - suggeru (Pual passive of sagar) = "shut up" — SAME concept as ekleisen in Rev 20:3 - masger = "dungeon/prison" — from sagar "to shut" - umerov yamim = "after many days" — temporal confinement, then release/visitation - yippaqedu (Niphal imperfect of paqad) = "they shall be visited" — same root as v.21's "punish" - The Niphal here is ambiguous: "visited" can mean punished OR attended to
CRITICAL PARALLEL to Rev 20:1-3,7: - Imprisoned in bor/masger -> cast into abyss, shut, sealed - After rov yamim (many days) -> after chilia ete (thousand years) - yippaqedu (shall be visited) -> dei luthenai (must be loosed) - Both involve supernatural beings AND earthly powers